Introduction to Li Qingzhao’s poetry

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One Cut Plum

Author: Li Qingzhao

Red Lotus Root Fragrance Residual Jade Mat (diàn) Autumn. He undressed Luo Shang lightly and boarded the orchid boat alone. Who in the clouds sent brocade books? When the wild goose returns, the moon is full on the west tower.

The flowers float and the water flows, a kind of lovesickness and two places of leisurely sorrow. There is no way to eliminate this feeling, so I just frown, but it is in my heart.

Translation

The lotus has faded, the fragrance has faded, the bamboo mat is as cold as jade, revealing the deep cool autumn, I gently take off my gauze skirt and go alone A floating orchid boat. Looking up at the distant sky, who would send the brocade book where the white clouds are rolling? It was when the flock of wild geese formed the character "human" and returned southward that the bright moonlight filled the pavilion leaning against it in the west.

Flowers drift freely, water drifts freely, a kind of parting lovesickness, you and me, affect the sorrow of both places. Ah, what cannot be ruled out is that - this lovesickness, this sorrow of separation, just disappeared from the slightly frowning eyebrows, and faintly lingered in my heart again.

This poem is a masterpiece of the graceful school of Song poetry. It is written delicately and affectionately, and is quite praised for its writing techniques. This word expresses the author's longing for her husband, especially the last sentence, which is a couplet, simple and easy to understand, catchy to read, and has a harmonious rhyme. Exhausted from the pain of lovesickness. It has always been praised by people. The love expressed in the poem is charming, pure, and heart-to-heart; it is very different from ordinary people who simply miss their husband or resent him for never returning.

Appreciation 1

Expressing the feelings of family with deft writing——Analysis of Li Qingzhao's "One Cut Plum"

This poem is found in Huang Sheng's "Selected Poems of Hua'an" "The title of "Don't Worry" was written by Li Qingzhao to express her feelings of missing her husband after Zhao Mingcheng went away to study. Yi Shizhen's "Lang Huan Ji" said: "Not long after Yi An got married, Ming Cheng went on a long journey. Yi An couldn't bear to say goodbye, so he found the poem "One Cut Plum" written on a brocade handkerchief to send him off." Recently, the movie "Li Qingzhao" Following Yi Shizhen's theory, when Zhao Mingcheng set out on a expedition ship, the song sang "Easy to undress Luo Shang and board an orchid boat alone" from "One Cut Plum". I think that understanding this poem as a farewell poem is not entirely consistent with the meaning of the poem. Even the two sentences "Qing Jie Luo Shang" are difficult to explain. "Luo Shang" does not refer to men's "Luo Yi", because there is no need to change "Yi" to "Shang" in terms of appearance or wording. "Luoshang" undoubtedly refers to silk skirts, and men in the Song Dynasty did not wear skirts. If the first sentence is interpreted as Li Qingzhao and the second sentence is Zhao Mingcheng, then where does the subject of the next sentence come from? How are the two literary meanings related? It seems that the title of "Selected Poems of Hua'an" should be "Farewell to Worry".

After Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng got married, the relationship between the couple was very good, and their family life was full of academic and artistic atmosphere, which was very happy. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand that once the two separated, they missed each other. In particular, Li Qingzhao admired and loved Zhao Mingcheng even more. This is reflected in many of her lyrics. This poem is the author's dexterous way of describing her intense longing for her husband. It reflects the pure heart of a first-married young woman indulging in a sea of ??love. The beginning of the word is:

The fragrance of red lotus root lingers in the jade mat of autumn.

The time of writing was in autumn when the lotus flowers were withered and the bamboo mats were too cold. "Red lotus root" means red lotus. "Jade mat" is an exquisite bamboo mat. This sentence is extremely rich in meaning. It not only points out the season, but also points out that it is such a desolate and autumn mood that caused the author's mood of separation, showing the tendency of the whole word. It also exaggerates the atmosphere of the environment and plays a foil role in the author's loneliness and worries. For example, "red lotus root is fragrant", although it means that the lotus will wither in autumn, in fact, it also means that youth is fleeting and beauty is easy to grow old; "jade mat autumn", although it is the end of summer and autumn is coming, so the bamboo mat is also cool . In fact, it also means "people go to enjoy the cold".

In terms of expression techniques and meaning, this sentence is similar to the first sentence of "Huanxisha" by Li Jing of the Southern Tang Dynasty: "The fragrance of lotus leaves sells the remaining green leaves." It also means that the lotus has withered and autumn is coming. But the latter is not as poetic as the former: "The fragrant lotus leaves are sold" is undoubtedly not as popular and bright as the "red lotus root fragrant"; the "green leaf left" still means the same as "the lotus fragrant sells", which is Refers to the fall of lotus leaves in autumn. But "Jade Autumn" is different and has a new meaning. If "Red Lotus Root Fragrance" expresses the arrival of autumn through objective scenery, then "Jade Mat Autumn" expresses the arrival of autumn through the author's subjective feelings - the coolness of the bamboo mat. In one sentence, objective and subjective, scene and emotion are all melted together. Obviously, it has the same seven characters, but its meaning is much richer than Li Jing's sentence.

No wonder Chen Tingzhuo of the Qing Dynasty praised it and said: "Yi An's beautiful poems, such as the seven-character cloud in "A Cut of Plum Blossoms": 'The fragrance of red lotus roots lingers in the jade mat in autumn'. They are exquisite and unique, and they really do not eat the fireworks of the world." ("Bai Yuzhai Ci Hua") ) Li Qingzhao is not a person who doesn't like the fireworks of the world, but this sentence of "excellent and exquisite" is a fact and not an exaggeration.

Li Qingzhao was already worried about her husband's absence. Now faced with such a scene where the lotuses are left behind, the mats are cold, and everything is desolate, he cannot help but be moved by the scene. His longing for her husband will inevitably linger in her heart even more, and the pain in her heart is It goes without saying. When ordinary people are suffering from sorrow, they always try to find ways to relieve their sorrow. This is human nature. Li Qingzhao is no exception. How did she want to get rid of this depression? At this moment, she is not drinking to relieve her sorrow, nor is she weeping in tragic songs, but is taking a sightseeing tour to relieve her boredom. This is how the next two sentences are derived:

Easy to undress Luo Shang, and board the orchid boat alone.

That is to say, I gently untied my silk skirt, put on my casual clothes, and went rowing a boat alone! The word "qing" in the previous sentence is very weighty, and "qing" means to be light-handed. It truly expresses the young woman's cautious and somewhat shy mood for fear of disturbing others. Because he was "light", no one knew about it, and he got on the boat alone without even asking the maid to follow him. The word " Du " in the next sentence is a response to the word " Qing " in the previous sentence. "Luoshang" is a skirt made of silk. "Lanzhou", that is, Mulan boat, is a good name for the boat. The use of "Luoshang" and "Lanzhou" here is very suitable for Li Qingzhao's identity. Because this is unique to wealthy people. The meaning of these two sentences is different from that in "Nine Songs of Xiangjun" "Peiwu rides on the osmanthus boat to make Yuanxiang have no waves and make the river flow smoothly." It writes about Mrs. Xiang coming to meet Mr. Xiang on a Guizhou boat; it is also different from Zhang Xiaoxiang's "Niannujiao": "There are thirty thousand hectares of jade farmland, and I have a leaf in my boat." It writes about Zhang's excitement while boating on the vast Dongting Lake. Rather, it expresses the pain of Li Qingzhao missing her husband. The reason why she wanted to "go alone on the orchid boat" was because she wanted to take advantage of the boating to relieve her sorrow, and it was not a leisurely play. This is one of Li Qingzhao's ways to relieve his sorrow. In fact, "Going alone on the orchid boat" is to relieve sorrow. If it is not the extreme sorrow, why does it happen? However, it is just like "raising a glass to relieve sorrow and make it worse." In the past, we might have gone boating together, but today we are alone. The scene in front of us can only bring back the past, how can we distract it? However, after all, Li Qingzhao is not like ordinary people. Women are different. She does not attribute her sorrow to the other person's separation. Instead, she assumes that the other person will miss her. So, she made a bold statement and wrote:

Who in the clouds is sending brocade. When the geese come back, the moon is full in the west tower.

The first two sentences are inverted sentences, which means that when the geese fly back in the sky, who will ask them to bring the letters? Looking forward to it on the west floor under the bright moon! "Who" here actually refers to Zhao Mingcheng. "Jin Shu" refers to the love letter written by the author. : 1. It reflects the extremely deep and sincere relationship between Li Qingzhao and her husband, as well as Li Qingzhao's full trust in her husband, because if she had weak feelings for Zhao Mingcheng or had doubts, she would not imagine "who in the clouds sent a brocade book." , but it will inevitably send out "The floating clouds cover the day, and the wanderer does not care about rebellion" ("Nineteen Ancient Poems"); or "The prodigal will never return, and it is difficult to stay alone in an empty bed" ("Nineteen Ancient Poems, Qingqing") "Riverside Grass"). Therefore, the author writes without words but expresses his emotions through writing, which is the most contagious in artistic creation. 2. Embedding abstraction in images. , so it feels more concrete and vivid. Simply saying "who sent the brocade book" seems abstract, relying on the legend of Yan Neng's letter, and wrote: "Whoever sends the brocade book in the clouds will return when the goose comes." "This vividly expresses the arrival of the letter through the flying geese in the sky, making it visible and tangible. Although this writing method is not hers, her "Goose Returns in the Clouds" is better than the general biography of flying geese. The picture is obviously clearer and the image is more vivid. This kind of enlightenment is still worthy of recognition. 3. It renders the beautiful night scene with the moonlight filling the building. In this night scene, even if you receive a love letter, it is undoubtedly. Happy. But just by understanding it this way, it is impossible to discover the true meaning of the sentence "The moon is full in the west building". Although Yan Chuan's letter can temporarily relieve her, it is impossible to eliminate her lovesickness. Weeping the tears of lovesickness, this is the true feeling. The sentence "Moonlight on the West Tower" has a similar meaning to the "Moonlit Man Leaning on the Tower" in Bai Juyi's "Longing for Love". They are both about missing a woman on a moonlit night and looking into the distance. But Li Zuo. It seems to be a step forward compared to Bai Zuo. The key lies in the word "西". The moon has already set in the west, which shows that she has been standing on the top of the building for a long time. This shows that she misses her husband more deeply and is more worried.

Since Li Qingzhao misses her husband, and believes that her husband will also miss her, the next film follows this idea:

The flowers will drift and the water will flow.

Some people say that this is about Li Qingzhao lamenting that "youth is easy to grow old, and time is easy to pass." If this is the case, then the following two sentences "One kind of lovesickness, two places of idle sorrow" will become water without a source and a tree without roots. In fact, this sentence contains two meanings: "Flowers have drifted away", which means that her youth has withered in vain like flowers; "water has flowed by itself", which means that her husband has traveled far away, just like the water of a long river flowing in vain. The word "自" means "empty from" or "natural". It embodies Li Qingzhao's exclamatory tone. This sentence may seem trivial, but in fact it has a profound meaning. As long as we think about it carefully, it is not difficult to find that Li Qingzhao is not only sad that his beauty ages easily, but also sad that her husband cannot enjoy his youth with her and let it disappear in vain. This complex and subtle emotion is expressed in the two characters "自". This is the key reason why she lamented that "flowers float and water flows", and it is also a concrete manifestation of their true love. This is the only reason why the following two sentences are:

One kind of lovesickness, two places of idle sorrow.

It came out naturally. If there is no sentence above that mentions the love between Li Qingzhao and her husband; then these two sentences couldn't be more clear. They both miss each other equally and are also distressed by separation. This unique conception reflects Li Qingzhao's infinite love and full trust in Zhao Mingcheng, her cheerful personality, and her good thinking of others, which is different from the narrow-mindedness of ordinary women. In classical poetry, there are many works about missing one's husband, but most of them are like "Thousands of sails are not the same. The slanting glow is long and the water is long, and the heart is broken by Bai Pingzhou" (Wen Tingyun's "Remembering Jiangnan"); or "The red beans are unbearable to look at, and the eyes are full of them." "Tears of lovesickness" (Niu Xiji's "Sheng Cha Zi") is a type of text. It is extremely rare to see someone like Li Qingzhao write about the pain of lovesickness from two aspects.

So, to what extent did Li Qingzhao’s "idle sorrow" reach? The following three sentences give the answer:

There is no way to eliminate this feeling, so I only lower my eyebrows, but it is in my heart.

That is to say, this kind of lovesickness cannot be dismissed. The wrinkled brows just relaxed, and thoughts came to my heart again. In a word, I miss you all the time. Here, the author's description of "sorrow" is extremely vivid. When people are sad, they always frown and look sad. The author grasped this point and wrote the two sentences "Only the brows are lowered, but the heart is high", which makes people feel that her brows have just relaxed and then frowned, and they can understand the pain in her heart. The words "caixia" and "queshang" are used very well, and there is a connecting relationship between them. Therefore, it can express the ups and downs of the pain of lovesickness in a short period of time in an extremely realistic way. These lines are similar in artistic conception to Li Yu's "Crying of the Night", "The cutting is continuous, the reasoning is still chaotic, it is the sorrow of separation, but the ordinary feeling is in the heart."

Wang Shizhen said in "Flowers and Grass": "However, Yi An also came to this matter from Fan Xiwen, between his brows and in his heart, there is no way to avoid it," and Agent Li heard it." , Li Zuo is already better than Fan Zuo. "Between the brows and the heart, there is no way to avoid each other" is not as vividly reflecting the changes in Li Qingzhao's frown as "the brows are just lowered, but the heart is in the heart". No wonder it has become an eternal masterpiece.

From the above point of view, Li Qingzhao's poem mainly expresses her feelings of missing her husband. There are many such themes in Song poetry. If it is not handled well, it will fall into the trap. However, Li Qingzhao's poem has its own characteristics in terms of artistic conception and expression techniques, so it is full of artistic appeal and is still a masterpiece. Its characteristics are: 1. The love expressed in the poem is charming, pure, and heart-to-heart; it is very different from ordinary people who simply miss their husband or resent him and never return. 2. The author praises his love boldly, without any embarrassment or morbidity; it is as sweet as honey, as clear as water, upright and generous. It is very different from those flirtatious and pretentious love affairs. 3. The language of most of Li's poems is simple, fresh, and clear as words, and this poem is no exception. But it also has its own characteristics, that is, it often uses couplets in popular language, such as "lightly undressing Luo Shang, alone on the orchid boat", "a kind of lovesickness, two places of leisurely sorrow", "just lowering the eyebrows, but it is in the heart" Wait, it is a dual sentence, it is also simple and easy to understand, it is catchy to read, and its pronunciation is harmonious. If you are not a master of word casting, it is difficult to do it.

(Zheng Mengtong)

Appreciation 2

This poem was written after Qingzhao and her husband Zhao Mingcheng separated. It embodies the deep feelings of the author who cannot bear to leave. It is a skillfully crafted farewell poem. .

The starting sentence of the poem, "The fragrance of red lotus root remains in the jade mat in autumn", leads to the whole article. The first half of the sentence "The fragrance of red lotus root remains in the jade mat in autumn" describes the outdoor scenery, and the second half of the sentence "The jade mat in autumn" describes the indoor scene. It has a certain effect on the autumn season. The whole sentence has clear colors and rich imagery, which not only depicts the surrounding scenery, but also highlights the poet's feelings. The artistic conception is cool and quiet, with a fairy-like aura. The blooming and falling of flowers is not only a natural phenomenon, but also a human symbol of joys and sorrows; the cold feeling on the pillow is not only the touch between the skin, but also the inner feeling of being alone. The opening sentence sets a beautiful lyrical tone for the whole word.

The next five sentences sequentially describe what the poet did, the scenery he touched, and the feelings he had in one day from day to night. The first two sentences, "Easy to undress Luo Shang, and go on an orchid boat alone," describe boating on the water during the day. The word "lonely" implies the situation, which is secretly funny. The sentence "Who in the clouds sent me a brocade book" below expresses the suspense after farewell. Followed by the two sentences "When the wild goose returns, the moon is full on the west tower", it forms an artistic conception of eyesight and confusion. According to the order, it should be when the moon is full, I go up to the west tower, look into the clouds, see the flying geese, and think about who sent the brocade book. The word "who" naturally refers to Zhao Mingcheng. But the bright moon is full, but the people are not full; the wild goose words are empty, and there are no brocade books, so there is a sigh of "who sent it". Saying "who sent it" also means that no one sent it. The poet was concerned about the whereabouts of the wanderer and looked forward to the arrival of the brocade book, so he looked at the clouds in the distance and evoked the fantasy of a wild goose delivering a book. And this feeling and reverie of looking far into the distance and yearning for something beyond the reach of the world linger in the poet's mind all the time.

The sentence "Flowers float and water flows" connects the previous and the following, and the meaning of the words is continuous. It is both a scene and a scene. The scene of falling flowers and flowing water is far in line with the two sentences "red lotus root fragrant" and "alone on an orchid boat"; and the life, time, love and parting it symbolizes are It gives people a feeling of desolation and helplessness.

The next film turns to direct lyricism, unfolding in a unique inner way. In the two sentences "One kind of lovesickness, two places of idle sorrow", while writing about the pain of one's lovesickness and the depth of idle sorrow, one infers from oneself to the other person, knowing that this kind of lovesickness and idle sorrow are not one-sided, but two-sided. In terms of aspects, we can see the connection between the two hearts. These two sentences are also a supplement and extension of the sentence "Yunzhong" in the above sentence, which shows that although the two places are far apart and the brocade is in the future, the love of lovesickness between the two places is the same at the beginning, which proves the deep love and mutual trust between the two parties. These two sentences are both separate and unified. Taken together, the transition from "a lovesickness" to "two worries" is the separation, union and deepening of two emotions. Its division and combination show that this emotion is one and two, and two and one; its deepening tells that this emotion has changed from "thinking" to "sorrow". The next sentence, "There is no way to eliminate this feeling," follows these two sentences. Because people have been separated in two places and their hearts have been shrouded in deep sorrow, it is of course difficult to get rid of this feeling, but "it is only on the brow, but it is on the heart."

"There is no way to eliminate this feeling, so I only lower my brows, but it is in my heart." These three sentences are most praised by the world. Here, "brow" corresponds to "heart", and "caixia" and "queshang" form ups and downs. The sentence structure is very neat, and the expression technique is also very clever, which is very attractive in art. Of course, these two four-character sentences are only an integral part of the entire poem and are not unique. It relies on the background of the whole article, especially because it is set against the other two equally skillful four-character sentences "One kind of lovesickness, two places of leisurely sorrow" and complement each other.

Appreciation 3

Yuan Yi Shizhen's "Lang Huan Ji" contains: "Not long after Yi An got married, Mingcheng left for a long journey. Yi An couldn't bear to say goodbye, and he looked for The poem "One Cut Plum" written on Jinpa was written as a gift. "Using words to express lovesickness is not a new subject, but Li Qingzhao's poem "One Cut Plum" has a fresh style and unique female sincerity." The "unconventional" expression method gives people the enjoyment of beauty, which is becoming more and more valuable.

"The fragrance of red lotus roots remains in the jade mat in autumn." In the first sentence, the poet describes how after saying goodbye to her husband, he saw the lotus flowers in the pond were faded in color and fragrance. He went back to his room and leaned against the bamboo mat. It was quite cool. It turned out that autumn had already begun. to. The poet inadvertently expressed her lagging sense of seasonality, which actually describes her state of being distracted and unaware of the changes in the environment since her husband left. The artistic conception of "red lotus root fragrant" and the coolness of "jade mat" also bring out the desolation and loneliness of the female poet. In addition, the first sentence is light and affectionate, as if it comes from nature and comes inadvertently.

Therefore, predecessors commented: "Yi An's "Yijian Mei" begins with the seven words "The fragrance of red lotus roots remains in the jade mat in autumn", which means swallowing plums and chewing snow, not eating the fireworks of the world. In fact, it is an ordinary and unintentional expression" ("Two Autumn Rains") An Essays" Volume 3). "Easy to take off Luo Shang, and go on an orchid boat alone." The first time I wrote it, I couldn't relieve my depression and lovesickness in my boudoir, so I went out to take a boat to relieve my boredom. In her poem "Like a Dream", the poet once vividly described a scene in which she had a great time on a boat. Not only did she return home late, but she also strayed into the depths of the lotus flowers, startling a pool of gulls and herons, and the mood was joyful. Nowadays, I am "alone on the orchid boat". Not only can I not eliminate the pain of lovesickness, but I am even more confused and melancholy. "Who in the clouds is sending brocade letters? When the wild geese return, the moon is full on the west tower." The female poet is sitting alone in the boat, hoping that at this moment there will be wild geese flying south to bring back her husband's letter. And "the moon is full in the west building" should be understood as when the couple get together in the future, look at the moon by the window, and talk about their love for each other. This sentence is quite similar to the artistic conception of Li Shangyin's poem "Why should I cut the candle from the west window?" In addition, "full moon" also implies the reunion of husband and wife. In these three sentences, the thinking and imagination of the female poet greatly exceed reality, which is in sharp contrast with the first sentence. It shows the depth of lovesickness of the poet.

Next movie. "Flowers float and water flows", the poet's thoughts return from imagination to reality, reflecting the meaning of the first sentence of the film. The scene in front of me is that of falling flowers and flowing water. From looking forward to the arrival of the letter to expressing the falling flowers before his eyes, the poet's helpless sadness arises spontaneously, especially the use of the two characters "自", which further reveals the poet's helplessness towards the current situation. "One kind of lovesickness, two places of leisurely sorrow", the poet himself missed his husband Zhao Mingcheng for the first time, and also imagined that Zhao Mingcheng also missed himself. Such assertions and such understanding are based on the mutual understanding and love between husband and wife. The last three sentences are, "There is no way to eliminate this feeling, so I only lowered my brows, but it is in my heart." The poet uses words that are close to spoken language to describe that not only can he not be able to temporarily relieve his lovesickness, but he has fallen into a deeper state of longing. The use of the two adverbs "cai" and "que" vividly expresses the poet's lingering and irreversible lovesickness.

This is a very poetic poem. The more vividly the poet describes her farewell love, the more she can show the sweetness of her husband and wife's love, and the more she can show her love for life. In addition, this poem leaves a deep impression on people in terms of the depiction of artistic conception, the expression of sincere and deep emotions, and the art of language use. (Wen Qian Shaoming)

Appreciation Four

This article describes ordinary farewell feelings in autumn. It was written by the author in memory of his husband Zhao Mingcheng. Shangqi went boating alone in autumn. When I was traveling, I wrote that the bright moon was shining brightly in my boudoir. No matter it was day or night, going out or returning home, I was thinking about the person I loved all the time, hoping that he would send a "brocade letter" from afar. The lower part uses flowers and water to compare with the feeling of loneliness after her husband leaves her, which shows that the couple has a deep love for each other and their longing for each other is difficult to eliminate. We can see that Liu Mei has just stretched, and his heart is churning again. The words are shallow and close, and the feelings are deep, which reflects the artistic style of Shu Yu's Ci.

Collection review:

Crying from love. After reading this, I realized that Gao Zecheng and Guan Hanqing were also imitators (Volume 3 of "Yang Shen's Review of Bencaotang Poems").

This word expresses the feeling of parting. The semantics are elegant and eye-catching (Volume 2 of "The Cottage Poetry Yu Criticism on the Forest")

Yi An's beautiful lines, such as the seven-character cloud in "A Cut of Plum Blossoms": "The fragrance of red lotus roots lingers in the jade mat in autumn", which is exquisite. Extraordinarily beautiful, truly incomparable from the fireworks of the world (Volume 2 of "Bai Yu Zhai Ci Hua").

The poem opens: "The fragrance of red lotus roots remains in the jade mat in autumn." The lotus has withered, and it is a cold autumn season. This word "autumn" is exactly the node that triggers the author's feelings and is the source of the scenery. The foundation of emotion is also the basis of the sentiment of the article. The author expresses the abstract seasonal concept of "autumn" with the perceptual color and concrete characteristics of "red lotus root and fragrant residue". At the same time, the "fragrant" scene and the refreshing atmosphere of cool autumn can best arouse people's melancholy mood. This is very common in classical poetry, which illustrates the corresponding isomorphism of its aesthetic object characteristics and psychological mood. relation. The author cleverly avoids the natural scene that may mask the subject's psychological mood and cause readers to have an aesthetic bias. Instead, he uses the natural object as a medium to induce emotions. It’s not that the mood is big and the scene is small, nor that the scene is big and the mood is small, but the mutual agreement between the declining autumn scene and the quiet autumn thoughts.

The author uses a light brush to outline the characteristics of the season, and then gently introduces the image of the lyrical subject. The two sentences "lightly undressing Luo Shang and boarding the orchid boat alone" are enough to be interesting. "Light" means that it is quiet; "alone" means that it is only one body.

Why? It can be said that there is not a single word in the poem, but its meaning is hidden in it. It is not until "someone in the clouds sends a brocade book" that the hidden meaning is revealed, and finally its surface image is revealed. The author looked at the autumn sky, originally looking forward to the "Jin Shu coming" from her husband, so he immediately followed it with the sentence "The wild goose will return to the time". The word "wild goose" is not only the actual scene in front of us, the wild geese returning to form, and the sky roaring loudly; it is also a scene that expresses interest. The so-called wild geese passing on the book is a traditional image with national characteristics and contains symbolic meaning. When this kind of consciousness, which is eagerly waiting for the book to be read in the scenery, finally becomes the explicit consciousness, the profound meaning contained in the first two sentences "lightly undressing Luo Shang, alone on the orchid boat" has been well explained. He is alone in a quiet environment, quietly waiting for the passing of the sky, chewing the sadness of parting alone, and quietly dismissing the unforgettable thoughts. In this "lightness" and "aloneness", there is nothing to show off, and there is no need for companions to recollect, chew, experience, and appreciate. At the end of Shangqiansha, I suddenly saw the description of the scene "Full Moon on the West Tower". This finishing touch is absolutely wonderful. It not only echoes the scene of the first sentence "the fragrance of red lotus root remains", but also forms a three-dimensional environment in space; red lotus root, Lanzhou, Yanzi and Xilou. The author is also in it, alone in a corner, and can be said to be in the realm of poetry. What is presented to us at this time is the sense of tense that is reflected in the sense of space. The agility of time and space is vividly displayed on the paper. What is flowing in our hearts at this time is the deep integration of the author's emotions and intentions. Therefore, the beauty of the painting rises from the beginning. To a higher aesthetic level, the artistic conception is beautiful.

In this poem, the upper line implicitly expresses lovesickness, while the lower line directly expresses feelings. "Flowers float and water flows" expresses feelings through the scenery, and also expresses the sadness and helplessness of falling flowers in flowing water. It can be said that every word closely follows the meaning of the word "lovesickness". "One kind of lovesickness, two places of worry." The author said that she and her husband are in two places, and they are in the same place of thoughts, which shows that the author and her husband have the same telepathy. It can be seen that this is moving in both directions. This is significantly different from the sentiments expressed by predecessors, most of which expressed their feelings for Yue Du. However, "there is no way to eliminate this feeling." How does the author do it? At the end, "It's just on the brow, but it's on the heart." These two wonderful words make people sigh in admiration. The author writes along the way, either expressing his feelings on the scenery, or expressing feelings in the scenery. The images are sometimes exposed and sometimes revealed, and suddenly closed at the end, like the jade in the mountains or the pearl on the top of the tower, giving readers a strong aesthetic stimulation and making their hearts immerse themselves. The shock, the deep thought, the daydream. Experience the three flavors for a long time.

The author perceives a natural emotion common in human society in a unique way, and presents it with her unique artistic skills, and condenses it into the essence of aesthetics at this moment, making her work Produce eternal artistic charm. This is what all masterpieces handed down from generation to generation have in common. They convey the universal consciousness and emotions of mankind with unique and personalized expression techniques at all levels, and evoke the kind-hearted aesthetic experience of people of different eras, nationalities and national boundaries.

Appreciation Five

This poem is titled "Farewell to Sorrow" in Huang Sheng's "Selected Poems of Hua'an". It was written by Li Qingzhao to express her feelings of missing her husband after Zhao Mingcheng went away to study. . Yi Shizhen's "Lang Huan Ji" said: "Yi An was not married for a long time, and Ming Cheng went on a long journey. Yi An couldn't bear to say goodbye, so he found the poem "Yijian Mei" written on a brocade handkerchief to give him as a gift." Recently, the movie "Li Qingzhao" Following Yi Shizhen's theory, when Zhao Mingcheng embarked on a expedition, the song sang "Easy to undress Luo Shang and board an orchid boat alone" from "One Cut Plum". I think that understanding this poem as a farewell poem is not entirely consistent with the meaning of the poem. Even the two sentences "Qing Jie Luo Shang" are difficult to explain. "Luo Shang" does not refer to men's "Luo Yi", because there is no need to change "Yi" to "Shang" in terms of appearance or wording. "Luoshang" undoubtedly refers to silk skirts, and men in the Song Dynasty did not wear skirts. If we interpret the first ten days as Li Qingzhao and the next sentence as Zhao Mingcheng, then where does the subject of the next sentence come from? How are the two literary meanings related? It seems that the title of "Selected Poems of Hua'an" should be "Farewell to Worry".

After Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng got married, the relationship between the couple was very good, and their family life was full of academic and artistic atmosphere, which was very happy. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand that once the two separated, they missed each other. In particular, Li Qingzhao admired and loved Zhao Mingcheng even more, which was revealed in many of her lyrics. This poem is the author's dexterous way of describing her intense longing for her husband. It reflects the pure heart of a first-married young woman indulging in a sea of ??love.

Li Qingzhao’s poem mainly expresses her longing for her husband. There are many such themes in Song poetry. If it is not handled well, it will fall into the trap.

However, Li Qingzhao's poem has its own characteristics in terms of artistic conception and expression techniques, so it is full of artistic appeal and is still a masterpiece. Its characteristics are: 1. The love expressed in the poem is charming, pure, and heart-to-heart; it is very different from ordinary people who simply miss their husband or resent him and never return. 2. The author praises his love boldly, without any embarrassment or morbidity; it is as sweet as honey, as clear as water, upright and generous. It is very different from those flirtatious and pretentious love affairs. 3. The language of most of Li's poems is simple, fresh, and clear as words, and this poem is no exception. But it also has its own characteristics, that is, it often uses couplets in popular language, such as "lightly undressing Luo Shang and boarding an orchid boat alone", "a kind of lovesickness, two worries", "only a brow is lowered, but it is in the heart" Wait, it is a dual sentence, it is also simple and easy to understand, it is catchy to read, and its pronunciation is harmonious. If you are not a master of word casting, it will be difficult to do it.

A Cut of Plum Blossoms (I went to Guangdong and stayed in the wind pavilion at night)

Author: Liu Kezhuang

Shu Yun walked ten miles at night and picked up a poem bag , threw away his clothes bag. The road is slippery in the cold weather and the horseshoes are stiff. Yuan is Wang Lang and has come to see Liu Lang off. Drunken and hot, he talked about articles 4, shocked the neighboring wall, and pushed down the bed 5. Watching, clapping and laughing, 6, it doesn’t matter if you are sparse, it doesn’t matter if you are crazy!

All notes

1. In fact, his surname is Wang Mai, and he is a close friend of Liu Kezhuang. The two sang in harmony a lot. Fengting, the name of the post, is located in Putian County, Fujian Province today. In the winter of the third year of Emperor Jiaxi's reign (1239), Emperor Lizong of the Song Dynasty, Liu Kezhuang went to Guangzhou to serve as the Changping official of Guangnan East Road. Wang Shizhi said goodbye to him.

2. Shu Yun, tie up the mess and make it into a torch for lighting. "Xiaoxing" is derived from "Suddenly marching at night, staying up late at night" in "The Book of Songs·Zhaonan·Xiaoxing", implying the hard work of a long journey.

3. Wang Lang is Wang Shizhi. Liu Lang, Liu Kezhuang calls himself, and here he is comparing himself to Liu Yuxi, who has the same surname, was determined to reform and suffered repeated blows.

4. Articles should not be understood as word-for-word comments and poems, but rather implicit hints of their comments on current events, expression of ideals, and outpouring of worries and indignation.

5. Wang Shizhi has an upright nature and heroic temperament. He is known as Ziang and Taibai. Liu Kezhuang also spoke eloquently and was upright and fearless. The two sentences "shocked down the neighboring wall and pushed down the bed" are exactly the expression of their heroic temperament. The first sentence describes the objective reaction, and the second sentence describes the character's behavior.

6. Watch, the author imagines there are bystanders here.

This is a unique farewell song.

This time the poet went to Chaozhou, Guangdong to make a general judgement. His good friend Wang Shizhi held a farewell banquet for him in Fengting. It completely puts aside Lin Qi's tearful love between his son and his daughter, and vividly describes the separation of two madmen who are suppressed but unwilling to give in. Bold and passionate, deep and sorrowful, it reflects the characteristics of the Xin School poets. Farewells to friends are written vividly, with character activities and plot development, and focus on expressing the development and changes of emotions from the characters' dynamics, starting with sadness, then anger, and finally generosity. Use wild words to push the plot to a climax and avoid direct discussion. Among Liu Kezhuang's poems, this is a very distinctive one.