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Li Bai (70 1-762), whose real name was Taibai, was named Qinglian layman, and his ancestral home was in Longxi (now Qin Andong, Gansu) Ji Cheng. There are different opinions about Li Bai's birthplace, and there are roughly two kinds of opinions. First, Li Bai was born in Broken Leaf City in the Western Regions of Central Asia (near tokmak, east of Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan). Li Bai was about five years old, and his family moved to Mian Changlong (now Jiangyou, Sichuan). Secondly, Li Bai was born in Qinglian Township, Changlong County, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province). At least one of these two statements is wrong. And there are data and historical research, which makes people believe that it is really a dilemma.

When Tianbao first entered Chang 'an, He Zhangzhi met him and called him a fallen fairy. He was recommended to Tang Xuanzong to write to Hanlin. After wandering the Jianghu, Wang Yong hired Li Lin as his assistant. He rose up and was defeated, and sat in Yelang (now Guizhou Province) in exile for nothing. He was pardoned on the way. When he arrived in Dangtu, he lived in Lee, and only a few people died. He is a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, including Li Taibai. Li Bai's lyrics are legendary in the Song Dynasty (such as Shan Ye in Xiangtan written by Wen Ying). Judging from Cui's Jiao Fangji and the Dunhuang suicide note circulated today, there is a tune between Tang Kaiyuan. However, it is difficult to determine whether this chapter is too white. Today, there are still records of a Bodhisattva and a Qin Yi.

Li Bai's life

Li Bai, the word Taibai, was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. His poetic style is bold and unconstrained, with rich imagination, natural and fluent language and harmonious and changeable melody. He is good at absorbing nutritious private materials from folk songs and myths, forming his unique magnificent and gorgeous colors, which is the new peak of active romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. Also known as "Du Li" with Du Fu.

First, good Ren Xia, hi Zongheng.

Li Bai was born in the first year of Chang 'an of Wu Zetian in the Western Regions (AD 70 1). At the age of five, he settled in Qinglian Township, Changlong (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province) with his family.

Li Bai liked Ren Xia when he was young. He was very happy. Mianzhou, where Changlong is located, has been an active place of Taoism since the end of Han Dynasty.

Therefore, Li Bai often went to Daitianshan to talk to Taoist priests from his youth.

Later, he lived in seclusion with a hermit named Dong Yanzi in Sleeping Mountain, devoted himself to studying, and did not enter the city for many years. They keep many exotic birds in the mountain forest where they live. These beautiful and docile birds are used to breeding and fly to feed regularly, as if they can understand human language. As soon as they heard the cry, they flew down the steps from all directions and even pecked at the grain in people's hands without fear. This incident was spread as an anecdote, from far to near, and finally Mianzhou secretariat personally went up the mountain to watch birds eat. Seeing that they could direct the movement of birds, the secretariat decided that they had Taoism, so he wanted to recommend them to take the Taoist exam. However, both of them politely refused.

Zhao Kun was a famous strategist at that time and a good friend of Li Bai. In the fourth year of Kaiyuan (AD 7 16), he wrote ten volumes of long and short classics. Li Bai was only sixteen at that time. Zhao Kun's strategic works of studying the similarities and differences of the Six Classics, analyzing the situation in the world, emphasizing the way of rise and fall, and eliminating chaos aroused Li Bai's great interest. He is bent on making contributions in the future and likes to talk about the way of Wang Ba, which is also influenced by this book.

Second, travel with a sword.

In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (A.D. 725), Li Bai went to Shu, "leaving his sword to serve the country and his relatives to travel far away". He sailed out of the gorge and drifted along the river, and the mountains in his hometown gradually disappeared beyond recognition. Only the water from the Three Gorges still followed him, pushing his boat and sending him to a strange and distant city.

1? Jiangling was fortunate to meet Sima Zhen.

Li Bai didn't expect an extraordinary meeting in Jiangling. He actually met Sima Zhen, a Taoist priest revered by san huang.

Sima Zhen, a Taoist priest in Tiantai, not only learned a whole set of Taoist spells, but also wrote a good seal script with elegant poems. Xuanzong respected him very much. Once, he called him to the Inner Temple to learn Buddhist scriptures, built a balcony for him to view, and sent his sister Princess Yu Zhen to study Taoism with him.

Li Bai was naturally very happy to see the favored Taoist priest, and sent his own poems for his review. Li Bai is handsome and has extraordinary qualifications. Sima Zhen admired him at first sight, but he was even more amazed after reading his poems, praising him for "having the wind of a saint and drifting with the gods." Because he saw that Li Bai was not only outstanding in appearance, but also brilliant in writing, which did not attract the attention of contemporary Rong Lu officials. This is a talent he has never met in the opposition for decades, so he is praised with the highest praise from Taoism. In other words, he has a "immortal root", that is, he was born immortal, which is similar to what He Zhang later praised him as "an immortal", and everyone regarded him as an extraordinary person. This is the overall impression of Li Bai's demeanor and poetic style.

Li Bai rejoiced in Sima Zhen's high praise. He is determined to pursue such an eternal and immortal world as "wandering octupole". Excited, he wrote a great poem "Dapeng meets a bird", taking Dapeng as a metaphor and boasting about its great speed. This is Li Bai's earliest world famous work.

He set off from Jiangling and started his flight thousands of miles away.

The following is Dapeng meets rare birds:

Dapeng meets the gift of rare birds and the sequence is merged.

Yesterday, I was in Jiangling, and I saw Sima Weizi on the rooftop, saying that I have a sage like style, and I can wander with my mind on the octupole table. Because Dapeng met a rare bird, it was given a wide range. This gift has been handed down from generation to generation and is common in the world. Regret that you have less work, and abandon it when you are not poor in middle age. Reading the Book of Jin again, I saw Ruan praising Dapeng, and my heart was bitter. Therefore, more memories and more old books are different. Now that you have restored your collection, how dare you pass it on to the author? Children of ordinary people.

He read between the lines: Southern Fairy, who sent the cat to paint the garden? Spit out lofty remarks and make outrageous remarks. Qi-he is strange, and there are fish in the north. I don't know how far it is, but it's called Kun. Cheng Dapeng, the quality is muddy. Take off your moustache on the island and spread your feathers in Tianmen. Brush the spring flow in Bohai Sea, and you will help mulberries. It's the universe, it's Kunlun Mountain. A drum and a dance, vanished. The five mountains were shaken, and all the rivers collapsed.

This is a thick land, too clear. The clouds are layered and suddenly heavy. Stimulate 3000 to rise and quickly levy 90,000. Cui Wei, with his back on Mount Tai, is holding a long cloud vertically and horizontally. Turn left and right, and the yin suddenly disappears. Through sweat, corrected by Yao, magnificent. Bo HarmonyOS system, Fan Leiting. Fighting over the sky, mountains shake the sea and tilt. Anger has nothing to contend with, and male has nothing to contend with. You can imagine its potential, and you can reach its shape.

If it is full of rainbows, it will dazzle the sun and the moon. Even the porch is procrastinating and profligate. Blowing air makes clouds grow in Liuhe, and sprinkling hair makes snow fly thousands of miles. If you are in the north, you will be poor in the south. The clouds went off with a cannon and drums were everywhere. Candle dragon took the lamp to shine, but he lacked the whip and the way to start. See three mountains in one block and five lakes in one cup. His actions are also God's, and his actions are all the same. Let the public see, stop fishing. If you are poor, you dare not bend the arc It is difficult to throw a fishing rod but miss it.

Erqi's majestic posture has overwhelmed Hehan. The upper body is gray and the lower body is long. Pangu opened the sky and looked straight at it, while xi leaned against the sun and sighed. Between the eight famines, it is half the world. When you hide your thoughts, if you are confused, you will not be judged. Suddenly, as soon as you turn around, the sky is outlined and the fog clears.

2? Dongting buried friends

Li Bai went south from Jiangling, passed Yueyang, and then went south to reach one of the destinations of this trip.

However, while rowing in Dongting, an unfortunate thing happened. Li Bai's traveling companion, Wu Guide, came from Sichuan and died of sudden illness. Li Bai is very sad. He fell down beside his friend and shouted, "Blood is behind the tears". Because he cried so much, passers-by cried for it. It's really helpless to meet such misfortune on the trip. Li Bai had to bury Wu Zhidao in Dongting Lake for the time being, and continued his eastward journey, determined to carry his friend's bones away after his trip to the southeast.

Li Bai came to Lushan Mountain, where he wrote a famous poem "Looking at Lushan Waterfall".

3? Journey to Jiangnan

Li Bai went to Jinling, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. Here, the public is in the mountains and rivers, the tiger lives in the dragon plate, and the Six Dynasties Palace is vivid. This not only aroused many feelings of Li Bai, but also aroused his pride in that era. He believes that the old capital has been in a state of decline, and there is nothing to see. It is not as good as the current emperor's rule, and the world presents a peaceful scene.

Although the domineering spirit of Jinling has disappeared, the children of Jinling have received Li Bai with deep affection. When Li Bai bid farewell to Jinling, Wu Ji suppressed the wine, and Jinling's sons and daughters sent them to each other diligently, frequently raising glasses to persuade them to drink. The feeling of farewell flows through people's hearts like a flowing river, which is unforgettable.

After Li Bai bid farewell to Jinling, he went to Yangzhou from the riverside.

Yangzhou was an international city at that time. Li Bai has never seen such a lively city, and has been hanging out with fellow travelers for a while. In midsummer, Li Bai and several young friends, "crying under the horse, Yang, on the side of Oubei Avenue". Look at the green water on the horizon and the green hills on the sea. In autumn, he fell ill in Huainan (Yangzhou). Being in a foreign country, he has a lot of thoughts. He lamented that he had little hope of making achievements and missed his hometown deeply. The only thing that can bring him some comfort is a letter from a distant friend.

Li Bai went to Gusu again after Zhunnan recovered from his illness. This is the place where Fu Cha, the king of Wu, and beautiful women sing and dance day and night. Li Bai missed the past and wrote an epic poem "Wu Qiqu". This poem was later praised by He, calling it "making the gods cry". From this point of view, although Li Bai's Yuefu poems sometimes use old topics, they are more innovative.

Of course, the scenic spots and historical sites in Gusu aroused Li Bai's nostalgia for the past, and the beautiful and simple Wu Ji and Yue Nv made Li Bai admire them. Li Bai left a beautiful sketch on the Huansha stone with his wonderful pen at the foot of the mountain where the stone used to be Huansha.

Li Bai returned to Jingmen from the west.

He stayed in Jingmen for three months. Although he is homesick, he has made no achievements in his career and finds it difficult to return to his hometown. Finally, he decided to roam again.

First came to Dongting Lake and buried Wu Guide's bones in Jiangxia (now Wuchang, Hubei). He met the monk Xing Rong in Jiangxia, and learned about Meng Haoran from him, so he went to Xiangyang to visit Meng Haoran and wrote the famous five-rhythm poem "A Letter to Meng Haoran".

Soon, Li Bai arrived in Anlu and settled in the Taoist temple of the little beast. But seclusion here is not a long-term solution, and he still wants to find opportunities for career advancement. When Li Bai lived in seclusion in Shoushan, he made friends with officials by lobbying to improve his reputation.

Li Bai's literary talent was appreciated by Xu Shiyu, the prime minister of Wuhou, and he was recruited as a son-in-law. Li Bai and his wife, Xu, live a happy married life under Taohua Rock in Baizhao Mountain, not far from the Xu family. However, the beauty of husband and wife's life did not make Li Bai's ambition to go out and make a successful career decline. Based on Anzhou's wife's family, I traveled several times and got to know some officials and nobles. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (AD 734), I got to know the Han Dynasty Sect, the long history of Jingzhou and the secretariat of Xiangzhou.

3. Once in Chang 'an

Feudal emperors often hunted in winter. After Xuanzong ascended the throne, he hunted many times, and every time he accompanied foreign envoys to show off his strength in order to deter neighboring countries. In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (AD 735), Xuanzong hunted fiercely again, and it happened that Li Bai was also traveling to the west, hoping to win Xuanzong's appreciation for the book Da Hunting Fu.

His "Great Levy" hopes to "show things widely", while "Sheng Chao Garden is desolate and poor", with a vast territory, is very different from the previous generation, boasting that this dynasty is far superior to the Han Dynasty, and finally promoting the mysterious burial of Taoism, which is in line with Xuanzong's state of mind of advocating Taoism at that time.

The purpose of Li Baixi's visit is to present a gift. In addition, he also took the opportunity to visit Chang 'an and enjoy the scenery of this "world worship" imperial city. He lives at the foot of Mount Zhongnan and often visits and overlooks Mount Zhongnan. When he climbed the North Peak of Zhong Nanshan, he showed him the elegance of a great country. He deeply feels that living in such a country is extraordinary, so he is quite proud. But the thought of decadent factors in this prosperous empire once again hit his lofty mood. "

After Li Bai entered Chang 'an, he got to know Zhang Qing, the general of Wei Dynasty, and dedicated a poem to Princess Yu Zhen through him. The last two sentences say, "When there are few people, the Queen Mother wants to meet", wishing her enlightenment. Li Bai also said in his poem "Seeing Qing off" that his situation was very difficult and he hoped to introduce him to the imperial court. So he approached the upper class of the ruling class step by step.

Li Bai also met He in Chang 'an this time. Li Bai once went to the Purple Pole Palace, only to meet He there. He has read He Lao's poems. When I met him this time, he naturally stepped forward to meet him and presented a book of poetry in his sleeve. He liked Shu Daonan and Wu Qiqu very much, so he took the scarab off his belt and asked someone to take Li Bai out for a drink. Li Bai's majestic poem and the style of whistling and scattering dust surprised He and said, "Did you come down to earth with a white Venus?"

A year later, Li Bai was still a guest in Chang 'an and had no chance to take office. His mood is a little depressed. A good friend sincerely invited him to live in a secluded place under the sunshine of green hills, but Li Bai had no intention of going. This time I went to Chang 'an, with the ideal of making contributions, but I couldn't find it anywhere, which made Li Bai feel disappointed and a little resentful. I was extremely dissatisfied when I arrived at the door of the maharaja. I just left Chang 'an with a sigh "It's hard to go, come back".

Fourth, the Hanlin sacrifice.

In the first year of Tianbao (AD 742), Xuanzong read Li Bai's poems and admired them, so he called Li Bai into the palace. On the day when Li Bai entered the palace to appear before the court, Xuanzong came down to meet him and said, "Give the rice in front of the Qibao bed and scoop it yourself." Xuanzong asked some contemporary affairs, and Li Bai gave a thoughtful answer based on his half-life study and long-term observation of society. Xuanzong was greatly appreciated and immediately made Li Bai worship the Hanlin. His job is to draft the announcement and accompany the emperor. Every time Xuanzong gave a banquet or outing, he ordered Li Bai's attendants to use his agile poetic talent to write poems on the spot. Although it is not a record of merit, it also spreads its words to future generations and arrogantly boasts to future generations. Li Bai was so prized by Xuanzong that his colleagues envied him, but some people were jealous of him.

At the beginning of Tianbao, Xuanzong took chiefs and envoys to the Wen family for hunting every winter, accompanied by Li Bai's natural attendants, and made poems on the spot to publicize Xuanzong's virtue and praise the power of the holy dynasty, which won Xuanzong's appreciation. At this time, Xuanzong doted on Yang Yuhuan. Every time he played with her in the palace, Xuanzong asked Li Bai to write some music words and compose some new songs to sing. Li Bai tried his best to write these poems with the feelings of "a strong man serving the country and a strong man serving the country".

When Li Bai was in Chang 'an, he not only worshipped Hanlin and accompanied Wang, but also often walked in Chang 'an. He found that the country was in deep crisis under the scene of prosperity. That is, the overbearing eunuch and the arrogant consort closest to the emperor. They hung over Chang 'an and China like dark clouds, giving Li Bai a strong sense of oppression.

At the same time, Li Bai's debauchery was slandered by Zhang Tan, a scholar of Hanlin, and there were some bad feelings between them. Under the favor of eunuchs and consorts, Li Bai's enthusiasm for "helping the poor" suddenly cooled down. Although he was in Chang 'an, he didn't have a chance to display his management and beauty skills.

Li Bai was deeply moved by the corruption of state affairs and the slander of his colleagues. He wrote a poem "Hanlin Reading Shows Scholar's Heart" to express his intention of returning to the mountain. Unexpectedly, at this time, Li Bai was given back the gold, which seemed very unexpected. This time, it seems that Li Bai said something inappropriate.

This return to the mountain is really a decent exile.

Fifth, travel again.

1? Roaming Liang and Song Dynasties

In the summer of the third year of Tianbao (AD 744), Li Bai arrived in Luoyang, the eastern capital. Here, he met Du Fu, who had a hard time. The two greatest poets in the history of China literature met. At this time, Li Bai was famous all over the country, while Du Fu was in his prime, but he stayed in Los Angeles. Li Bai is eleven years older than Du Fu, but he is not arrogant in front of Du Fu with his talent. Du Fu, an "old friend", did not bow to Li Bai's praise. The two men established a profound friendship on an equal footing. When they were in Luoyang, they made an appointment to meet again in Liang and Song Dynasties (now in Shangqiu, Kaifeng) to seek immortality.

This autumn, the two arrived in Liang Song as scheduled. Here, two people express their feelings through the past and discuss the present. They also met the poet Gao Shi here, who has not yet taken office. However, each of them has the same ambition and ideal. The three of them had a good time swimming, commenting on literary criticism and poetry, and talking about the general trend of the world. They were all worried about the hidden dangers of the country. At this time, Du Li was in the prime of life, and this exchange of ideas in their creation had a positive impact on them in the future.

In the autumn and winter of this year, Du Li broke up again and went to find a Taoist teacher to make a real coffin (Taoist secret) and taught Taoist priests to make coffins. Li Bai arrived (now Jinan, Shandong Province) and was taught by Taoist Gao of the Qing Dynasty in the palace. Since then, he has officially performed Taoist rituals and become a Taoist priest. Later, Li Bai went to Anling County, Dezhou, and met Gailiao, who was good at writing symbols and seals in this area, and made a true atlas for him. Li Bai got a satisfactory result in this immortal visit.

In the autumn of the fourth year of Tianbao (AD 745), Li Bai and Du Fu met for the third time at the east foot. In just over a year, the two met twice and three times, and their friendship deepened. Together, they visited the hermit master and Li Yong, a world-famous essayist and calligrapher at that time. Just this winter, the two broke up and Li Bai was ready to revisit Jiangdong.

2? East to wuyue.

Li Bai left Donglu, took a boat from Rencheng and went to Yangzhou along the canal. I didn't stay much because I was in a hurry to meet Yuan Danqiu in Huiji.

After arriving in Huiji, Li Bai first went to mourn the death of He. Soon, Kong also arrived in Huiji, so Li Bai, Yuan Danqiu and Kong visited the fishing cave, Lanting and other historical sites, and went boating in the quiet lake to and from Tunxi and other places. Between the mountains and rivers, they improvised about the beauty and beauty of the mountains and rivers in this area.

In Jinling, Li Bai met Cui Chengfu. Both of them are politically frustrated, and their feelings are more congenial. Every time I play, I enjoy swimming, morning and evening. They went boating on the Qinhuai River and sang all night, which attracted people on both sides of the strait to marvel and applaud them. Because of their congenial personalities and similar experiences, they have more tacit understanding and deeper friendship than ordinary friends, so Li Bai tied Cui Chengfu's poems to his clothes and memorized them when he remembered them.

3? Explore the secluded swallow and take the south of the Yangtze River.

Li Bai wandered in wuyue for several years. At this time, the country is in chaos and the situation is getting worse every year. Under the guidance of taking the rise and fall of the world as his own responsibility, he decided to go to Youyan (now Beijing) to explore the reality.

At the end of Youyan, Li Bai saw with his own eyes that An Lushan was preparing his horse and arranging his troops. The situation is very critical, but there is nothing he can do. Two or three years before the Anshi Rebellion, Li Bai wandered around Xuancheng, Dangtu, Nanling and Qiupu, still relying on food and clothing, and often wrote poems to help local officials.

In this roaming, Li Bai died his wife Xu Shi and married the master. The family is changeable and the country is troubled. While seeking immortality, Li Bai learned Taoism and tried to contribute to the country. He is still concerned about national security, although he is still roaming, which is different from the past.

Six, on the way to death

In the fourteenth year of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion was launched, and Li Bai took refuge in Lushan Mountain. At that time, there were always two contradictory ideas in his mind: retiring and helping the world. Li Lin, the king of the ages, just started to travel eastward at this time, and Li Bai was invited to act.

Behind the scenes, Li Baili advised Wang Yong to put out thieves, and at the same time he also reflected on his lack of political foresight. Xiao and Kong in the south of the Yangtze River were also invited to avoid disaster. In this respect, Li Bai is obviously inferior to them.

Wang Yong was soon defeated, and Li Bai was imprisoned in Xunyang. At this time, Cui Huan encouraged Jiangnan to recruit talents. Li Bai wrote poems for help, and his wife guru also cried for help. Song Ruosi stationed 3000 troops of Wu Bing in Xunyang. He rescued Li Bai from the prison and let him join the shogunate. Li Bai became Song Ruosi's adjutant, wrote several essays for Song, and followed him to Wuchang. Li Bai was highly valued under Song Ruosi, and recommended to the court again in the name of Song Dynasty, hoping to be appointed by the court again. But for some unknown reason, instead of seeing the letter of appointment, he was turned into a long-lost Yelang (now Zitong, Guizhou), which was completely unexpected. Because at that time, Wang Yong's military commander-in-chief, Junba, was highly valued. The reason why things have changed may be related to the loss of power and influence of Cui Huan and Zhang Hao.

In the winter of the second year of Zhide (AD 757), Li Bai went from Xunyang Road to Yelang, the exile. Because the sentence is long and never comes back, and Li Bai is now in his twilight years. "Yelang Wan Li Road makes people old in the west" made him even more sad.

Because Li Bai is well-known in China, he was received by local officials along the way. Everyone respected him very much and didn't regard him as an exiled sinner.

In the second year of Gan Yuan (AD 759), Li Bai went to Wushan. Because of the drought in Guanzhong, the court announced an Amnesty, stipulating that all the deceased were pardoned from the stream and below. In this way, Li Bai was finally free after a long wandering. He then descended from the Yangtze River, and the famous song "Chaofa Emperor City" best reflected his mood at that time.

In Jiangxia, Li Bai stayed for a while because his old friend Liang Zai was a local satrap. In the second year of Gan Yuan, at the invitation of a friend, Li Bai once again went boating with the demoted Jia Zhi to enjoy the moon in Dongting Lake, thinking about ancient love and expressing his feelings with poetry. Soon, he returned to the old places of Xuancheng and Jinling. For almost two years, he shuttled between the two places and still lived on people. In the second year of last year, Li Bai, who was in his early sixties, returned to Jinling due to illness. In Jinling, his life was rather embarrassing, so he had to go to his uncle Li, who was the county magistrate of dangtu county.

In the third year of Shangyuan (AD 762), Li Bai was seriously ill. He gave the manuscript to Li at the age of 62 when he was dying.

Li Bai's poems and songs

Now there are more than 990 poems and songs by Li Bai. There are a large number of political lyric poems, which fully show the poet's extraordinary ambition, unrestrained passion and chivalrous spirit, and also represent the typical tone of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Bai has a strong sense of self and compares himself with Dapeng many times. "One day, Dapeng rises with the wind and goes straight to Wan Li" and "Li Yong". However, Li Bai's frustration in Chang 'an for three years turned his full political enthusiasm into a wild song of grief and indignation when he was hit by reality again, and it gushed out from his chest: "The road is like a blue sky, and there is no way out in front of me. I am ashamed to follow those who have no courage, fighting chickens and dogs to bet on pears, and I want to return home with no fish to eat. Zhou Busi succumbed to the gentry. Li Bai also used a hearty drinking poem to dispel the sadness of his talent. "Into the wine": "Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he likes, and never point his golden cup at the moon! Since God has given talents, let them be used! , spin one thousand silver, all back! Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen your appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a long drink! " It is in line with this unrestrained emotional momentum. The remarkable characteristics of Li Bai's poems in artistic techniques are: magical imagination, endless changes, vertical and horizontal structure and patchwork sentence patterns, which form a magnificent and elegant style. Throughout his life, the poet eulogized the ideal life with a naive heart. Whenever and wherever he is, he always embraces the whole world enthusiastically, pursues full achievement, career and enjoyment, has a keen sense of all good things, grasps the reality but is not satisfied with it, throws himself into the torrent of life and transcends hardships, and realizes his value in a high-spirited state. If the ideal color is the main feature of the poetic style in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, then Li Bai walked in the forefront of the times with a more forward-looking ideal singing method.

Li Bai's poems and songs have diverse themes. Representative works include: seven-character ancient poems (Difficult to Walk in Shu, Difficult to Walk, Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, Entering Wine, Liang, etc. ) and five-character ancient poems (59 ancient poems); There are some poems in Yuefu folk songs in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, such as Long March and Midnight Wu Ge. And seven-character quatrains (Looking at Lushan Waterfall, Looking at Tianmen Mountain, and Early Making Baidi City) all became famous works in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Bai was already famous in the Tang Dynasty. His poem "There is no set volume, but every family has it". He is the first poet in China's poetry.

Li Bai's poems and songs enriched and developed the heroic artistic theme in the poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Like other scribes of his time, he had great ambitions. The so-called "Shen's talk, seeking the skill of the emperor, inspiring his wisdom, is willing to help it." Make the atlas bigger and make Haixian clear "(biography of Dai Shoushan answering Meng Shaofu) is his most persistent belief in life. It may be doubtful whether Li Bai has the practical ability to engage in political activities in a complex power structure, but as a poet, this belief has more become the starting point for him to pursue and praise the magnificent life. He drew strength from the manners and styles of countless ancient heroes and projected realistic ideals into history, thus establishing a gallery of heroes in his poems. He praised the heroes who rose on the grass and in the world. For example, "Fu Liangyin" wrote Tai Gong Wang: "You don't see your morning songs, and the fishing boat has been Weibin for 80 years; I would rather be ashamed of my white hair, take water as light, and be strong and thoughtful when I meet the times. Wide Zhang 3800 fishing, dark and close in the wind. The Great Sage Tiger became stupid and unpredictable, which was quite ordinary in those days. "Praise the righteous who regard fame and fortune as dirt. For example, in the tenth part of Antique, Lv Zhonglian wrote: "Qi people have a charming life, and Lu Lian is wonderful. The bright moon will shine once when it comes out of the bottom of the sea. However, Qin Zhenying sounded the golden bell, and later generations looked back. Meaning light daughter ceremony, Gu Xiang plain smile. I'm a slut, too, and my clothes can be tuned in one tune. "Praise the British monarch who is eager for talents and noble morality, such as the second part of" It's hard to go to the sky ":"Don't you see the former prince who respected talents, built a high platform and provided gold to talented people? Bend down and sweep the floor to welcome them? ? The drama Xin is grateful to Dade and serves him wholeheartedly, which is full of intrigue and intrigue. The king's bones have been buried. Who will sweep the floor of the golden platform again? ! "Praise those famous ministers who are arrogant and unruly and insist on the dignity of cloth, such as Li Shiqi in Fu Liangyin:" Don't you see that Levin drinkers are drafting and have long praised Shandong Dragon Zhun Gong; Beginners don't worship eloquence, but two women give up washing and follow suit. Seventy-two miles east, qi entered the city, and commanded Chu Han to rise. Crazy people are down and out, let alone strong men! "Most of his heroes are all-powerful figures in the turbulent and chaotic historical stage, which is inseparable from the lyric hero. For example, in a poem about repaying friends and friends, he said, "Feng Shui, like seeing capital, can help the emperor." ("Wang Sima and Yan Zhengzi give snow in the reward state") "Tell yourself, who can make it? I advise you to close the door. " (Give a gift to Yangshan people after driving to the Hot Spring Palace) After waking up, he expressed his ambition: "Fu Shuo is the official of the squad leader and Reese is the eagle dog. It is best to stand up and work hard. " (Drunk at the Dragon Gate on a Winter Night) Since the Anshi Rebellion, Li Bai has regarded the situation as a struggle between Chu and Han, and took Sean and Han Xin as his own situation: "It's quite like a struggle between Chu and Han, which can't be turned over. Toward Bolangsha and enter Huaiyin City at dusk. Sean did not satisfy Han Xin's poverty, and Liu Xiangcun died in two ministers. I'm going to Xiapi for the time being, and I'm going to vote for the floating mother as my master. "After he entered the Yongwanglin shogunate, he compared himself with Xie An:" But Xie Anshi from Dongshan was used to make you laugh and laugh at the quiet Hu Sha. " Until he joined the army at the age of 60, he praised himself with the play Meng, a hero of the Western Han Dynasty: "I am half sick, and there is no reason to levy in the southeast." The elegant mansion doesn't care about it, and Meng plays first. "Li Bai, who was born in the prosperous times, pays tribute to the heroes in troubled times, of course, not just thinking about the past. Because through such characters, poets can express their spirit and enthusiasm, and express their life desire to make contributions in history and actively create self-value.

Li Bai unified the ideal of saving the world with unrestrained personality freedom in order to achieve a complete life. His design of the road to life is divided into two steps: the first step is to build great achievements, such as a cloud: "If there is no help instead of heart, what good is it for a person to be a good person?" ("To Secretary Wei Zichun") "The two dragons strive for each other, and heaven and earth move. The wine dances with the sword, and the Chinese fight in a hurry. " After his success, he did not covet wealth and fame, but took "Five Lakes" and "Cangzhou" as his home and yearned for a free life. During his early years as an official, he did not deny this: "When he was successful, he brushed his clothes and swayed beside Cangzhou." Don't give up this point when you are most proud of your career: "Thank you for your success and throw another fish." ("Hanlin Reading Talk") "When I report to the Lord, then lie with me in the white clouds." Until his later years, he was still determined to win: "Finally, I will go to the five lakes safely." This ideal of life embodies the poet's sense of "shame" and love of freedom: "I can make contributions to Liaocheng with one arrow. In the end, I didn't get a reward, and I didn't have the face to be with people at that time. " ("On the East Tour in May")

"At first glance, Geng Jie died on the grass, not asking for a golden cage." These poems are the self-expression of the poet's mind. Because of his strong sense of freedom, his anger and resistance are particularly strong when he meets the obstacles of ugly forces in real life.

Li Bai's personality

He has never achieved fame in his life, but he has high expectations. He despised the rich and powerful, unscrupulously mocked the hierarchical order centered on political power, criticized the phenomenon of political corruption, and carried forward the heroism in the prosperous Tang culture with a bold gesture of resistance.

Li Bai's anti-power thought is becoming more and more conscious and mature with the enrichment of his life practice. In the early days, it was mainly manifested in the equal requirements of "self-improvement, not being human" and "making friends with princes", as he said in his poem: "I was drunk in Chang 'an, and five kings and seven people shared a glass of wine. In the face of heroic spirit, the romantic spirit will fall behind others! " ("Liu Yelang gave the judge Xin") "Encourage the nine masters to make waves and be young and ignorant." ("Ode to the Jade Pot") He sometimes makes grandiose remarks that show contempt for powerful people, such as "Gold and white jade buy songs and laugh, and get drunk and tired, and despise princes" ("Remembering the past" sent the county yuan to join the army). But his main performance is inner pride. With the understanding of the actual situation of high-level power groups, he further exposed the opposition between Buyi and dignitaries: "Zhu Yu buys songs and laughs, wasting talents." (The fifteenth time of "Ancient Style") "The sparrow is in the phoenix nest, and it is holding the phoenix." ("Bo Gu" article 39. The ugly behavior of those who stole power because of flattering the emperor is even more ironic, such as: the cart flying dust, the pavilion is dark in the afternoon. China is more expensive than gold, and Lianyun has a room. He Huihe was dubbed cockfighting. When the rainbow is dried in one breath, pedestrians are afraid. There is no such thing as washing your ears, only Yao and your feet!

In "Dream on Mount Tianmu", he made the loudest voice: Ah, how can I solemnly bow and scrape to those high officials whose sincere faces will never be seen!

The significance of this artistic generalization in Li Bai's poems is as important as Du Fu's famous sentence "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the bones on the road freeze to death" ("Ode to 500 words from Beijing to Fengxian"). In the deteriorating political situation at the end of Tianbao, Li Bai linked anti-dignitary with extensive social criticism. For example, Answering the King on Twelve Cold Nights not only fought bravely for the fallen sages, but also expressed disappointment and contempt for the imperial court: If there is no Beihai in Li See, where can there be heroic spirit? If you don't look at Pei Shangshu, there are three feet of wormwood thorns in the earth grave. Teenagers have long wanted to go to the Five Lakes. Seeing this, I will spare Zhong Ding. Li Bai even sharply reprimanded Xuanzong himself in the way of satirizing modern people in his poems, such as "Feeling the Book, My Friend", "Ancient Style" and "Ascending to the Far Sea".

In a word, it can be said that he developed the anti-power theme in Tang poetry to the point of dripping and hearty. Ren Hua said that Li Bai "lived for decades and never lost his color for a day" ("Miscellaneous Words Send Li Bai"). This kind of unyielding in front of powerful people? /ca & gt；