Who can tell me the historical background of Titanic's construction and the reasons for its sinking?

Ship king wants to build a "big MAC"

/kloc-one summer night in 0/907, the old man of London White Star Shipping Company

Bambruce Esme had a whim: to build the largest and most luxurious ship in the world.

Cruise ship Thinking about it, he couldn't restrain his inner excitement and went to see him at once.

James Perry, a partner at Harlan Wolf Shipyard.

Esme's idea of building a "big MAC" at sea is exactly what Pirelli wants. The two of them

Hit it off. They decided to build three huge ships. They should be huge, luxurious and extremely fast.

So as to compete with international counterparts.

190865438+February 6th, the main body of the first great ship "Olympic"

The keel is finished. 1909 March 3 1, the main keel of Titanic.

It's done. However, new york Port Authority did not extend the dock for a long time, so IMM had to do so.

The concessions made by the company helped the port authority to transform. That's it, new york Port.

The State Council reluctantly agreed to send someone to the US Department of Defense (at that time, the port was defended by national defense)

Department manager) to go through the formalities.

Royal luxury racecourse

Esme called for the Titanic to be built into a world-class super-luxury ship.

Wheels.

Titanic has not only restaurants, bars, cafes and recreation rooms,

Cinema, for the first time, has a swimming pool and gym. Please go to restaurants and cafes.

French chefs, French waiters.

Titanic cost 75 million pounds. This is the price of 19 12.

The ship weighs 46,328 tons, is 882.9 feet long and 92.5 feet wide, and its height is equivalent to 1 1 floor.

Architecture. It has nine decks up and down, and the chimney is big enough to pass through two columns at the same time.

Train. Its three anchors * * * weigh 3 1 ton, nine boilers, each weighing 100 ton, and three sets.

Propeller, the middle one is 16 feet, and the other two are 18 feet. There are four sets of electricity on board.

Ladder, first class 3, second class 1. There used to be no elevator in second class.

Yes

Because Titanic is considered to be the largest and most advanced,

The most comfortable cruise ship, crossing the Atlantic for the first time, is what many rich people want.

It's faster to try first. They dragged their children and even brought their servants, a powerful family.

Travel by boat. One of them, Mr. william carter, put his "Renault"

The car also left the boat. Although Titanic can hold more than 2,000 people,

There are too many rich people who want to take a boat for a taste, which makes the tickets very tight. Many people mentioned it.

I made a reservation a few months ago.

Singing and dancing at sea

191April1kloc-0/day, Titanic carried 13 16 passengers and

Carrying 89 1 crew, it set sail from Queenstown and began its first transatlantic voyage.

Set sail. Esme, the boss of White Star Company, personally boarded the ship to supervise the array. "Titan.

Edward smith, 62, is the captain of Cobb. Smith is an old airline.

Haijia, who spent most of his life at sea, is a "white star" with rich sailing experience.

A great treasure of the company. Due to his age, Smith offered to retire and has retired.

Signed a retirement contract with the company. But in order to ensure the success of Titanic's maiden voyage,

Esme invited Smith to be captain for the last time and agreed.

Let him retire after this trip.

The Titanic restaurant was packed and the ballroom was brightly lit. Diverse

Some guests read and write letters in the cabin, some walk and chat on the deck, and

Some people lie on the chairs on the platform, smoking, drinking, sunbathing and eating. one

A scene of singing and dancing.

Titanic was equipped with radio communication tools. The radio is still.

New things, only a few ships can afford.

A day I will never forget.

1912 On the morning of April 14, telecom operator Philip was on duty in the telecom room.

Pu and his apprentice brid. At 9 o'clock, they received Kennard Gong.

The telegram from "Caronia" company warned: "North latitude.

42, ice, big ice, drifting from 49 west longitude to 5 1. "Philip.

Not surprisingly, he received several similar telegrams in the past few days.

In this season, in this sea area, it is normal to encounter ice. Jean brid

Send the telegram to the cockpit. At that time, four pairs of Buch Howe answered the telegram, and he followed.

The location of the ice floes was recorded on the chart.

Because it was Sunday, a special party was held in a first-class restaurant.

The venerable Captain Smith was invited to preside over a grand worship ceremony.

Hold on.

The first class of Titanic gathered the upper class of Britain and America at that time.

Elite. Among them, the richest person is Astor, 47. Astor's

Our ancestors made a fortune by doing fur business, and his business grew bigger and bigger, monopolizing many businesses.

Industry, especially hotel industry. Astor is a romantic, divorced and married, with

Travel around the world with a girl from new york who is 18 years old.

American coal enjoys Benjamin, the owner of the world's largest warehousing company.

Mrs. Seedorf, Mr. and Mrs. Widner, the tram manufacturer, and their 27-year-old son.

Li is also on board. In addition, there are many rich people, such as steel giants, such as Learson and Bing.

Thiel, the second vice president of West Virginia Railway Company, and the Canadian Railway Trunk Company

Hayes, the company's chairman, molson, Montriel's banker and brewer, and the United Kingdom.

Famous fashion designer Ms. Gordon, etc. Besides the rich and the rich, boats are very important.

There are also many people. For example, Major Bout, then the adjutant of US President Taft, former

Steed, a famous British politician, went to new york to attend the peace conference. Where's Ross

A close friend of Wilt (1933-1944 President of the United States), he ended his vacation.

Get ready to go back to Washington.

Maybe destiny takes a hand doesn't deserve to die. The wealthy Wendell peart couple.

As if they had a hunch, they suddenly decided not to leave at the last minute before sailing.

I didn't even have time to get my luggage back, and I didn't have time to inform the servants who had already boarded the ship.

Frequent warnings

165438+ At 0: 40 a.m., the telecommunications room received the Dutch steamship "Nudan" again.

10 warning telegram: "giant ice!" Location and the earlier "Caronia"

Same as the announcement. This time, the operator didn't even send the telegram to the cockpit.

At 6:5438+0:30 pm, Captain Smith handed Esme a letter from the telecommunications bureau.

A telegram has just arrived. These are the words from the ship "Balthus": "According to the Greek"

The "A Ding" reported that there were icebergs at 4151N and 49 52 W today.

There is still a lot of ice ... I wish you and Titanic safe and sound. "according to

In this position, the iceberg is about 250 miles in front of the Titanic. but

Esme and Smith, the two most important figures on board, have always been interested in icebergs.

Careless.

In the evening, the temperature suddenly dropped. Captain Smith ordered the course to be slightly south.

He may try to avoid the oncoming iceberg. ...

At 9: 20 pm, Captain Smith returned to the engine room to rest and handed it in before leaving.

Daletole: "If you have any questions, let me know immediately, and I will."

Come on up. 10 minutes later, lai toler asked six modi to tell the observatory: "hey!

Keep a close eye on ice cubes, especially small ice cubes and icebergs. "

Hit an iceberg

Close the hatch cover on the front deck and warn the observation deck except facing slightly south.

Under close surveillance, the senior crew of Titanic didn't shoot anything else.

Take preventive measures to deal with possible accidents. They are too dependent on □

Watchtower, I believe that Titanic is invulnerable.

That night, Titanic later received two more letters about icebergs.

Telegram. But the telecom room didn't send them to the cockpit. The first letter is at 9 o'clock.

A telegram was received at 40: 00, warning that the Titanic was currently sailing.

Right in front of the strait, I saw huge icebergs and ice arrays.

When the Californian telegraphed again, it was busy going out.

Brid, the telegraph operator who sent the passenger telegram, refused. At that time, "California.

The Virginia is still in front of the Titanic, but it has stopped because of four.

It's been ice for weeks. On that day, seven telegrams warned the Titanic,

There is an iceberg 78 miles long in front of it.

At the observatory, Fred and Regina, watchmen with heavy responsibilities, opened their eyes wide.

Eyes, □ look exhausted. It was 1 1: 40 at night and still at sea.

It was calm, but the air was biting cold. Suddenly, Fred found one in front.

Something. Blink of an eye, those things get bigger. Fred can't help himself.

Press the alarm three times, notify the cockpit and pick up the phone.

At that time, the first mate Modaoke and the sixth mate Modi were on duty in the cockpit. no

Sandy grabbed the receiver and asked calmly, "What do you see?"

"There are icebergs straight ahead!" Fred replied. When Modi informed the situation,

When Mo Dodge, Mo Dodge immediately rushed to the herald station and ordered the ship to stop and reverse. and

At the same time, he asked the helmsman Hicken to "full right rudder" and then pulled up the joystick.

Closed the door of the waterproof cabin at the bottom of the ship. Hicken, on the other hand, jerked his right rudder. Finally, the boat

Finally a little to the right.

But it's too late. Although a head-on collision was avoided, the ship went ahead.

Go, starboard bow hit an iceberg. Although tons of ice fall like a landslide

On the foredeck, the ship rocked gently and continued to slide forward. A few minutes later,

Stop.

The ship is sinking.

Twenty minutes later, Captain Smith learned the bad news. Tahe design

Teacher Andrew quickly checked the damaged part. The luggage room is full of water and luggage.

Drifting everywhere. The front peak cabin, boiler room 6 and the three cargo holds in front were hit.

It's broken.

The hull of Titanic was divided into 16 by 15 transverse waterproof bulkhead.

Space. According to the design, any two cabins of 16 are flooded, and the ship is still the same.

Can float. Moreover, even if the first four cabins are flooded, the ship will not sink.

But if the first five cabins are flooded, the ship can't eat. Boiler room 6 has just

Ok, it's a critical cabin, belonging to space 5. Now, the first five spaces are all damaged.

Then the water poured into the back space. Titanic wants

It sank. Andrew estimated that the ship would sink within 1 hour, at most 1 hour and a half.

Captain Smith knows that his first task is to evacuate passengers and delay as long as possible.

The time when the ship sank. There are more than 2,200 people on board. Captain Smith calculated that,

At least half of the people can escape by lifeboat. However, when he started to evacuate.

Guest, he realized that he was thinking too simply.

An error or mistake caused by a strange combination of circumstances.

At 0: 05 on June 5438+05, a platform more than 30 feet high was flooded. Smith (last name)

Order to uncover the lifeboat covered with canvas. Four Buch Howes were ordered to wake up two.

Deputy Lettole, three deputies Pitman and five deputies George Law. At this time, Smith boarded the ship.

Often came to the telecommunications room and instructed Philip and brid to send CQD standard distress signals.

Later that night, brid decided to try the new request he was going to use.

Save the signal SOS. In this way, Titanic became the first ship in the world.

The ship that sent the distress signal.

Not far from the Titanic, California is moored.

Dude, telecom operator Ivan sent several warning messages to Titanic.

The newspaper was rudely cut by Philip for the last time. Ivan cut himself off and stayed.

After a while, I went back to the cabin to sleep. At this time, it is 0: 00, 15, away from Titan.

Cobb sent out the distress signal for only a few minutes. More unfortunately, the third pair of gray,

Dave passed the telecom room after patrolling and went in to have a look. But Ivan locked the receiver,

He won't listen. So I adjusted the signal and went back to sleep. Push

Well, this is the time when the Titanic sent out a distress signal. In the telecommunications room,

Brid and Philip kept calling for help. Many ships have received it, but

It's too far. The nearest Kennard company's "Kabasia" is in "Titan"

58 miles southeast of Nick. Captain Roston heard about the Titanic.

10 couldn't believe my ears when it crashed. But he immediately turned the bow.

Come to rescue.

Evacuate passengers

On the Titanic, although the ship has been wrecked for nearly an hour,

Most passengers are still unaware of the danger. About 0: 30, Captain Smith.

Order the release of lifeboats, with women and children first. Most passengers in first class have already

Wearing life jackets, they were taken to the deck by the crew, but many people were unwilling to get on the bus for rescue.

Boat. They don't believe that such a behemoth as Titanic will sink.

In addition, the band on board also played warm and lyrical songs in the stairwell at the entrance to the deck.

Music. Captain Smith wants to appease the passengers through this wonderful music.

Nervous mood, but the passengers forgot the danger. First mate Mo Dodge and

The second mate Lettole earnestly suggested that the passengers board the lifeboats on the left and right sides of the ship.

But few people appreciate them. The first lifeboat was lowered at 0045 hours.

Yes, but only 28 people got on the lifeboat that can accommodate 65 people.

At 00: 55, lifeboat 6 also began to disembark. Denver University Association

Brown, a scientist, tried to escape from the deck, was caught by the crew and forced into the lifeboat.

Inches later, the No.5 ship also disembarked, 4 1 person; Ship No.3, 32 people, including

1 1 is actually a crew member. The most outrageous thing is that the boat 1 has only 12 seats for 40 seats.

People. One by one, the slowly launched distress signals made people realize "Titan!

G "is really in big trouble. People began to flock to the deck. because

Under the rule of "women and children first", there are many touching scenes on the deck:

The husband kissed his wife and children goodbye and helped them board the lifeboat. Many wives and husbands

Husband said goodbye, and some even refused to board the plane. The most popular story so far,

It's Ida Strauss, the wife of Marcy's department store owner. She's already in room 8.

The boat, just as the boat was about to be put down, she jumped out and said to her husband:

"The two of us lived together for so many years. Wherever you go, I will go.

"Then, she and her husband sat quietly in the chairs on the deck, watching people.

Leave.

Last minute

1: 30, the ship tilted seriously and the passengers began to panic. 14

When the boat was put down, some passengers rushed over and jumped on the boat. There was already one on board.

Forty people. Five George Lowe, who were sitting on the boat, were afraid of an accident, so they took out their guns and fired two shots.

Guns to curb passengers who are beginning to lose their minds.

1: 40, starboard lifeboat is about to disembark, responsible for evacuation.

The first mate shouted, are there any women and children? No one answered, so he ordered them to be released.

Boat. At that time, the lifeboat was full of people, but when the ship left the deck, one

Esme, who was helping to evacuate, jumped on the boat. Later, he was influenced by it.

Everyone's ridicule. The port evacuation is progressing slowly. 1: 55,

Astor accompanied his young wife to the boat and asked Lettole to allow him to talk to him.

The wife got on the boat together. But the answer is, "No, sir. After the lady left

No one was allowed on board before. "Astor's body was later discovered.

In the telecom room, the two telecom operators still stick to their posts. Every 10 minute.

Send a telegram to the company. 1: 25, the telegram reads: "I

They let women on board "; 1: 35: "engine room water inflow"; 1: 45:

"It has flooded the boiler!"

At 2: 05, the tic-tac-toe deck at the bow has been deeply submerged by seawater, and the main

The deck is only 10 feet above the water. The lifeboat is missing, but it is on the sunken ship.

There are 1500 people. The second mate Lettole put down the rubber boat and ordered the crew.

Surround the boat with guns and let only women and children on board. 44 people were taken away. while

After all the ships left, something strange happened on the Titanic.

Strange calm. Everyone stopped panicking and hundreds of people stood quietly on the deck. this

At this moment, Captain Smith appeared. He went to the telecommunications room and told the operator that he

The children have done their duty. "Now, save yourself!" He told all the crew

Go ahead.

Before the ship sank, the band was playing and the lights were playing.

Always on, like a fire in the water. At 2: 00 18, the ship sank completely.

No, it was dark all around, only crying and crying for help. according to

Gracie recalled that at the moment when the ship sank to the bottom of the sea, a huge water column

Go straight into the sky.