The development history of the Zhao family in China

The surname Zhao is the seventh most common surname in China today and has a large population, accounting for about 2.3% of the country's Han population.

Looking for the roots

It has three origins:

1. It originates from Shaohao of the Jintian clan. Sima Zhen's "Historical Records Suoyin" pointed out: ""Zuo Zhuan" states that the Tan State was after Shaohao, and the surname Ying also established the clan, which is the Shaohao family, the ancestor of Qin and Zhao." In the Western Zhou Dynasty, Shaohao's descendant Cepheus was responsible for his merits He was given to Zhaocheng, and Yanfu, a descendant of Zaofu, became the emperor of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty. Yan's father gave birth to his uncle Dai. Because King You of Zhou was immoral, he left the Zhou royal family and went to Jin to serve as Marquis Wen of Jin. In this way, the Zhao family entered the Jin Dynasty and became a doctor in later life. During the reign of King Weilie of Zhou Dynasty, he was listed as a prince. The founding monarch Zhao Liehou was a descendant of the Jin Dynasty official Zhao Sui. He was one of the seven heroes during the Warring States Period. After being destroyed by the Qin State, the public family of the Zhao State named their surname after the original country, thus becoming the surname Zhao.

2. The surname Zhao was changed for ethnic minorities. For example, in the Han Dynasty there were Zhao Anji (a Huns) and Zhao Yifu (a "southern barbarian"), and in the Five Dynasties there was Zhao Guozhen (a descendant of Chief Zangda).

3. The surname was given by the Zhao and Song Dynasties. There were historical figures named Li, Mu, Long, and Yuwen who were given the surname Zhao.

The surnamed ancestor

Zeofu, a descendant of Shaohao, was a famous horse master in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Fortunately for King Mu of Zhou Dynasty, it is said that he once took eight good horses and presented them to the king to drive them. He traveled west to Kunlun, where he met the Queen Mother of the West and was so happy that he forgot to return. Later, when he heard that King Xu Yan of Xuzhou rebelled, he personally drove the chariot and drove King Mu for thousands of miles. He returned at the right time and was able to quell the chaos. For his merits, he was awarded Zhaocheng (now Zhaocheng Town, Hongdong County, Shanxi Province). When it was passed down to Zhao Xiangzi, the Jin territory was divided into three parts with Han and Wei, and the Zhao Kingdom was established. Zhao was destroyed by Qin in 222 BC. Later descendants took the country's surname as their surname, Zhao, and respected Zaofu as their ancestor.

Proliferation and Migration

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the seventh-generation descendant of Zaofu led some of his clans to join the Jin Dynasty. It is said in history that "when he went to Zhou Dynasty, he was like Jin, and his surname was Zhao Shichang". By the time of the fall of Zhao State, the Zhao surname had been distributed in Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong and other places. After Qin Shihuang destroyed Zhao, he moved Wang Jiahou to Tianshui, Gansu Province, while Zhao Wangqian was exiled to Fang County in present-day Hubei Province. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Zhao Tuo, a native of Zhending (now Zhengding, Hebei), established the Nanyue Kingdom, and extended the scope of activities of the Zhao surname to today's Guangdong, Guangdong and northern Vietnam. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the Zhao Feiyan sisters were murdered, and their tribe was forced to move to Liaoxi County. This was also the beginning of the Zhao people's activities in the Northeast. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhao Da from Luoyang fled to Jiangdong to avoid Dong Zhuo's rebellion, and Zhao Yun and Zhao Zilong from Zhending moved to Shu as generals. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, a branch of the Zhao family in Tianshui moved to Luoyang, and their descendants, Sun Zhaogui, guarded and moved to Wuchuan (today's Inner Mongolia). In the early Tang Dynasty, a soldier named Zhao went to Fujian and settled in Fujian during the "Barbarian Roaring Rebellion". During the Five Dynasties, someone surnamed Zhao settled in Guangzhou with Liu Gong and the Han regime. According to the "History of the Song Dynasty? Clan Genealogy Table": The clan of the Song Dynasty was divided into three tribes, namely the Taizu (Zhao Kuangyin) tribe, the Taizong (Zhao Guangyi) tribe, and the Wei Wang (Zhao Tingmei) tribe. The Taizu tribe was divided into the King of Yan (Zhao Dezhao) tribe and the King of Qin (Zhao Defang) tribe. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, the King of Yan tribe moved to the following areas because of being sent to serve as officials: Yingzhou in Anhui, Shuzhou in Sichuan (today's Chongqing), Taizhou in Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, Fuzhou, Quanzhou in Fujian, Ji'an in Jiangxi, Jiangling in Hubei, Nanxiong in Guangdong, etc. The tribe of King Qin moved to the following areas: Shaoxing, Huzhou, Taizhou, Mingzhou, Wuzhou in Zhejiang, Fuzhou and Quanzhou in Fujian, Zhenzhou and Taipingzhou in Jiangsu The King of Wei was demoted to Fangzhou (today's Fangxian County, Hubei Province). His descendants became officials and moved to areas such as Kaifeng and Luoyang in Henan, Yizhou and Jezhou in Shandong, Tingzhou in Fujian, Kunshan and Licheng in Jiangsu, Xiushui in Zhejiang, etc. After the Jingkang Disgrace, the two Huiqin sects were taken captive to Wuguocheng (now the Songhua River Estuary in Heilongjiang Province). As a result, the Taizong branch spread and multiplied in the vast area of ??Northeast China. At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, King Kang Zhao Gou moved south to Hangzhou to make his capital. Some people with the Zhao surname moved to the south of the Yangtze River, some moved to Changshu, Jiangsu, and some moved to Shangrao, Jiangxi. The Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed, and the Southern Song clan fled to Penghu, Chaoyang and other places, and later in Fujian and Guangdong. Proliferate in the area. Since the Song Dynasty, the surname Zhao has spread throughout the country. What is worth pointing out is the spread of the surname Zhao overseas. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was a person named Zhao who did not hesitate to take risks and cross the ocean to go overseas. His ethnic composition was diverse, and his settlement areas were Southeast Asia and the United States.

For example, the Zhao surname among the Yao ethnic group is distributed in Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, the United States, France, Canada and other countries; the Zhao surname among the Zhuang ethnic group is distributed in Vietnam, Laos, Thailand and other places.

History of Migration of the Zhao Surname

〖Before the Han Dynasty〗

Zeofu was granted the Zhao surname by being granted the title of Zhao. When he came to his uncle, he led his descendants to move to Jin. In this way, when the Zhao Kingdom fell, the Zhao surname had been distributed in the following areas: Zhaocheng, Geng, Yuan, Jinyang, Dai, Handan, Wucheng, Zhending, and can be found in today's Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong and other places The surname is Zhao. The territory of Zhao State included part of present-day Shaanxi. During the reign of King Wuling of Zhao State, the territory was expanded to include the Hetao area. Before the death of Zhao, the scope of activities of the Zhao surname also included present-day Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia. After Qin Shihuang destroyed the Kingdom of Zhao, he sent Wang Jia to Xirong, and the Zhao surname moved to Gansu. The descendants of Zhao Gongfu, the son of Zhao Jia, lived in Tianshui (now part of Gansu) for generations, forming a prominent family; Zhao Wangqian was exiled by Qin Shihuang to this day. In Fang County, Hubei, descendants multiplied in present-day Hubei; Qin Shihuang also moved the nobles of the six countries to Guanzhong.

〖Migration before Han Dynasty to Song Dynasty〗

The descendants of Zhao Wangqian in the Western Han Dynasty moved to Liwu, Zhuo County (southwest of Boye County, Hebei Province today). This place originally belonged to Hejian, so The Zhao family in Zhuojun County is also called the Zhao family in Hejian. During the Southern Dynasties, a branch of the Zhao family in Tianshui moved to the south of the Yangtze River.

A branch of the Tianshui Zhao family moved to Wuchuan (west of Wuchuan, Inner Mongolia) during the Northern Wei Dynasty. Zhao Da, a native of Nan'an, was appointed Minister of Treasury in the Northern Wei Dynasty and was granted the title of Prince of Jin. His family left Nan'an and moved to Luoyang, the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty. At that time, in order to prevent the Rouran (two ethnic groups in the north in ancient times) from invading, the Northern Wei Dynasty established many military towns on the northern border and chose nobles and officials' sons to guard them. Zhao Da's son Zhao Ren moved his family from Luoyang to Wuchuan because he guarded Wuchuan Town. Zhao Ren's grandson Zhao Gui became an important member of the Wuchuan military group. He followed Yuwentai into Guanlong. He was one of the Eight Pillar States of the Western Wei Dynasty. He occupied Guanlong for the Yuwen family and established the Northern Zhou Dynasty. He made great contributions to the Yuwen family. He was given the surname Yifu and was granted the title of Chu. The Duke of the country once served as the Taifu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Prime Minister of Otsuka. His family moved back to Luoyang from Wuchuan.

Another branch of the Zhao family in Nan'an, Tianshui, moved to their home during the Northern Wei Dynasty. This Zhao family moved to Luoyang from generation to generation.

A branch of the Tianshui Zhao family moved to Nanzheng (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province) during the Northern Wei Dynasty, and later moved from Nanzheng to Luoyang. A branch of the Zhao family in the west of Tianshui moved to Luoyang. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, a branch of the Zhao family in present-day Gansu Province moved to Luoyang.

〖Migration since the Song Dynasty〗

In 960 AD, Chenqiaoyi rebelled against Zhao Kuangyin and established the Song Dynasty. . The so-called prefectures and states only refer to their fiefs. The appointed princes do not live in the prefectures and states, but live together in the capital. Until the "Jingkang Rebellion", the Jin soldiers attacked Bianjing (now Kaifeng City), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, captured more than 2,000 people from the Zhao clan and went north, imprisoning Song Huizong, Song Qinzong and their clans in Five Kingdoms City (now Songhua, Heilongjiang Province). lower reaches of the Yangtze River). Those members of the Zhao family who were not captured by the Jin soldiers all fled from Bianjing one after another after the "Jingkang Rebellion" and were distributed throughout the country. One of them went to Lin'an (today's Hangzhou) to establish the Southern Song Dynasty and became the Zhao family in China. One of the main branches that thrives in the Jiangnan region.

■The clan of Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin

Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin had four sons, Dexiu and Delin had no heirs, Yan Wang Zhao Dezhao had five sons, and Qin Wang Zhao Defang had three sons.

The migration of King Zhao Dezhao of Yan: The main places where the Lingzi sect moved are Yingzhou in Anhui, Shuzhou in Sichuan, Taizhou in Jiangsu, Fuzhou in Fujian, Quanzhou in Fujian, Xinzhou in Jiangxi, Taizhou in Zhejiang, Shaoxing in Zhejiang, and Luoyang in Henan , Jingnan, Hubei; the new addresses of the Zizi sect are mainly Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, Quxian, Zhejiang, Nanxiong, Guangdong, Ruzhou, Henan, and Yanshan, Hebei; the new addresses of the Zishi sect are mainly Jizhou, Jiangxi, Lin'an, Zhejiang, and Zhejiang Yunhe, Jiangsu Taipingzhou, etc.

The basic situation of the migration of King Zhao Defang of Qin is as follows: the new places where the Zizi sect moved mainly include Jiaxing in Zhejiang, Zhenzhou in Jiangsu, Fuzhou and Quanzhou in Fujian; the new places where the Bozi sect moved mainly include Taizhou and Ming Dynasty in Zhejiang Prefectures; Shizi sect mainly moved to Taiping Prefecture in Jiangsu Province, Wuzhou in Zhejiang Province, etc.

■The clan of Song Taizong Zhao Kuangyi

After the Jingkang Disgrace, the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Jin Kingdom. More than a thousand people were captured and sent north together. Song Huizong died in Five Kingdoms City.

In order to strengthen their rule over the Central Plains, the rulers of the Jin Kingdom moved Song Qinzong to Yanjing (today's Beijing).

Kang Wang Zhao Gou fled south to Lin'an and established the Southern Song Dynasty, calling himself Song Gaozong. His son died young. Song Gaozong Zhao Gou thought that the Northern Song Dynasty suffered the Jingkang disaster and the early death of his son. It was because his ancestor, Song Taizong Zhao Kuangyi, suffered a disaster because he failed to abide by the "Golden Chamber Agreement", so the throne of the Southern Song Dynasty was passed on to the descendants of Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin's line. The descendants of Song Taizong Zhao Kuangyi's lineage moved south. Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, moved out and scattered among the people in the south.

The new places where the Shizi sect moved mainly include Daming in Hebei, Ganzhou in Jiangxi, Jianou in Fujian, and Shaoxing in Zhejiang. The new places where the Sun Buzi sect of Emperor Taizong Zhao Kuangyi of the Sixth Dynasty moved mainly include Zhejiang Lin'an, Zhejiang Jinhua, Zhejiang Pujiang, Zhejiang Xiushui, Anhui Xuancheng, Hubei Jingnan, Hunan Chenzhou, Hunan Lingling, Guangxi Hengxian, Sichuan Chengdu, Sichuan Kaixian . The new addresses that Sun Shanzi sect moved to during Song Dynasty were mainly Ningbo in Zhejiang, Changshu in Jiangsu, Ezhou in Hubei, Tanzhou in Hunan, Nanchang in Jiangxi, and Linchuan in Jiangxi. The new places where Sun Ruzi sect moved to were mainly Fuyang, Anhui, Pingjiang, Hunan, Yugan, Jiangxi, Yuanzhou, Jiangxi, Fuzhou, Fujian, etc.

■The clan of Wei King Zhao Tingmei

In the ninth year of Kaibao (976 AD), Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin passed away. In compliance with Empress Dowager Du's "Golden Chamber Alliance", before Zhao Kuangyin died, he passed the throne to his younger brother Zhao Kuangyi. In accordance with the agreement of the "Golden Chamber Alliance", Song Taizong Zhao Kuangyi should pass the throne to his younger brother Wei Wang Zhao Tingmei. After Zhao Kuangyi ascended the throne, he concealed the contents of the "Golden Chamber Alliance". Wei King Zhao Tingmei has always been domineering and arrogant, and has been reprimanded by his brother Song Taizong Zhao Kuangyi many times. Now that he learned about the "Golden Chamber Alliance", he was very dissatisfied with Zhao Kuangyi, so he secretly plotted to usurp the throne as soon as possible.

In the seventh year of Emperor Taizong's reign of peace and rejuvenation of the country (AD 982), Wei King Zhao Tingmei's plot to usurp the throne was leaked. Song Taizong Zhao Kuangyi dismissed his Kaifeng governor. Zhao Kuangyi thought of his brotherly love and his many military exploits, so he still ordered him to stay in Xijing (now Luoyang). The clan of King Zhao Tingmei of Wei temporarily moved to Xijing. After Zhao Tingmei was demoted to stay in Xijing, she still secretly colluded frequently with Lu Duoxun, the Minister of War. The collusion between the two was exposed, and Wei Wang Zhao Tingmei left to stay in Xijing. He cut off all official positions and kept only the name of Wei Wang, living at home. Wei Wang Zhao Tingmei lived in Xijing, and later he made Wei Wang Zhao Tingmei the Duke of Fuling County and moved to Fangzhou. (Today's Fang County, Hubei Province). In the first year of Yongxi reign of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty (AD 984), King Zhao Tingmei of Wei moved his family to Fangzhou. Shortly after Zhao Tingmei moved to Fanling, she became ill from grief and anger and died of vomiting blood. She was only 38 years old.

After being demoted to Fangling, his descendants were released as officials and lived in scattered places, mainly including: Kaifeng in Henan, Luoyang in Henan, Tingzhou in Fujian, Yizhou in Shandong, Jezhou in Shandong, Kunshan in Jiangsu, Xiushui in Zhejiang, Jiangsu Licheng, Jiangxi Boyang, Hunan Hengzhou, Sichuan Chengdu, Sichuan Qingcheng and other places.

■The Zhao family in Xiping

During the Qingli period of the Northern Song Dynasty, Shaanxi Zhao Yifu lived as an official in Runan, and later lived in Wulitun, east of Runan City. According to legend, Xixian (named Longhua) moved from Runan to Caizhou in the tenth generation. From the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the first year of the Zheng Dynasty, after Zhao Xixian, Zhao Yiguan went to the Yanyun Envoy Si Tongpan, and moved from Xu Zhaozhuang east of Baigui Temple in Shangcai County to Zhaolaozhuang, Zhuantan Township, Xiping County. Zhao Zhonglai, the son of Zhao Yi, was born in Gong during the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty and was the ancestor of the Zhao family in Xiping. Zhao Zhong was born with great talents and great talents. His great talents gave birth to Gong, Su, Jian, Duo and Lu, and his great talents gave birth to Qin. Twenty-four generations have passed since Zhonglai. He is a famous family in Xiping. His descendants now live in Yangzhuang Township, Zhuantan Township, Lumiao Township, Shiling Town, Tandian Township, Songji Town, Chushan Town, Hotel Township, etc. land.

Since the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, people of the Zhao clan from Fujian, Guangdong and other places have successively moved to Taiwan and Nanyang, and some have even crossed the ocean and immigrated to European and American countries.

The Zhao regime

The regimes established by the Zhao family include:

China:

Zhao State during the Warring States Period

Song Dynasty:

Northern Song Dynasty

Southern Song Dynasty

Vietnam:

Pre-Zhao Dynasty (established by Zhao Tuo, 203 BC-137 BC Year)

Later Zhao Dynasty (established by Zhao Guoda, 248-?)

Zhao Yue Dynasty (established by Zhao Guangfu, 548-571)

County Wang Hall number

■County kings The surname Zhao has formed many county kings in the long process of reproduction, mainly including the following.

1. Tianshui County, the administrative seat is Pingxiang (now northwest of Tongwei, Gansu Province);

2. Zhuojun, the administrative seat is Zhuo County (now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province);

3. Nanyang County, the administrative seat is now Nanyang City, Henan Province;

4. Xiapi County, the administrative seat is Xiapi (now Suining, Jiangsu Province);

5. Yingchuan County, the administrative seat is Yuzhou, Henan;

6. Pingyuan County, the administrative seat is Pingyuan County, Shandong; 7. Hanyang County, the administrative seat is Ji County (now Gangu, Gansu).

■ Hall names: "Banbu", "Qinhe", "Tianshui", "Xiaosi", "Guzhi", "Cuihuan", "Jingyi", "Chuangji", etc.

Characteristics of the Clan ■ Talents surnamed Zhao have emerged from generation to generation, each leading the way for hundreds of years. People with the Zhao surname include kings, prime ministers, capable ministers, and powerful generals, all of whom have made great achievements in their respective fields.

■The family tree is complicated and clear.

■Family rules and precepts teach future generations. For example, there is a "Family Rules and Regulations" written by the surname Zhao of Louzhang Village, which states: "Men enter the private school at the age of eight, with the age of thirty... they return to the fields during the farming season, and return to the private school during the farm break. After thirty, those who have become famous may be When entering the hut or the Chinese style, each has a corresponding job; each takes a position according to his talents, whether he is a farm worker or a gardener, or a cook or a guard in the living room. In his spare time, he studies calligraphy and history, and his career is different. Don't ask any questions, but don't engage in useless pursuits... If there is no time to do anything, if anyone does not follow the family rules, the parents will call the clan leaders to rebuke them. , make it constrained.”