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In ancient China mythology, there was a goddess who nourished everything and benefited mankind. This is Nuwa. It is said that after the opening of heaven and earth, although there are mountains, lakes, flowers, birds and beasts on the earth, there are no traces of human beings. The great goddess Nu Wa wanted to create a new life, so she grabbed the loess on the ground and kneaded it into the shape of a villain, imitating her own shape reflected in the water. As soon as these clay figurines were put on the ground, they were alive and kicking, and Nu Wa named them "people". In this way, she made up many men and women with yellow mud. But the speed of pinching people by hand is too slow after all, so Nu Wa successfully picked up a straw rope and stirred the dark yellow mud to the ground. As a result, the place where the mud splashed down became a place where people jumped around. So there are traces of human activities everywhere on the earth. Nu Wa also matched men and women, telling them to have their own offspring and pass them on from generation to generation. In mythology, Nu Wa is not only the original mother who created human beings, but also the earliest god of marriage.

Later, for some reason, the universe suddenly changed dramatically. Half the sky collapsed, revealing terrible changes. Half the sky collapsed, revealing a terrible black hole. There are also huge cracks in the ground. A blazing fire broke out on the mountain and a flood gushed out underground. All kinds of wild animals, bad birds and strange pythons rushed out to harm human beings. Seeing that mankind suffered such a tragic disaster, Nu Wa tried her best to mend the heavens and the earth. She first selected Xu colorful stone from the irrigation river, melted it into paste, and mended the holes in the sky one by one. He killed another chinemys reevesii, cut off its four feet, and stood on the four sides of the earth to support the sky. Then he killed the black dragon, drove away all kinds of birds and animals, and blocked the cross-flow flood with reed ash. Since then, the disaster has subsided, mankind has been saved, and the world is thriving. In order to make people live a happier life, Nu Wa also made a musical instrument called Sheng Chun, which people can enjoy after work.

Nu Wa is a mythical figure in matriarchal clan society. This myth reflects the naive understanding of human origin and natural phenomena at that time. Up to now, the myths and legends of Nu Wa are still circulating among the Miao and Dong people in southwest China, and they worship her as the ancestor of their own nation.

Nu Wa is the goddess in China's historical myths and legends. According to legend, she once refined five-color stones to make up the sky and made people out of soil. She is the great mother of the Chinese nation, who created us kindly and bravely took care of us from disasters. She is the creator and ancestor god who has been widely worshipped by people for a long time, thus forming a unique Nuwa culture. Today we are discussing the culture of Zhushan Nuwa, where Nuwa tried to mend the sky. A very important purpose is to make the past serve the present and give play to the practical role of Nuwa culture. In this regard, the author believes that the key lies in integration. Through integration, Zhushan's credibility and influence will be further improved, Nuwa culture will be endowed with a new spirit of the times through integration, and the ancient cultural forces will be transformed into productive forces through integration, so as to better play the role of Nuwa culture.

First, integrate into the regional culture, and improve the credibility and influence of Zhushan as the place where Nu Wa grinds stones.

Nuwa culture is a social phenomenon formed by the legend of Nuwa and folk worship of Nuwa. Today's academic circles have no objection to the authenticity of Nu Wa, but the mythical content in the legend is regarded as the product of primitive human fantasy and imagination, expressing the desire of human beings to conquer and dominate natural forces in primitive times. For example, Mr. Yuan Ke once pointed out in Selected Ancient Myths: "The myth of the goddess mending the sky seems to be a complicated scene, but in fact it is just a story of a flood disaster. In this way, Nu Wa killed the demon, not only the monster, but also blocked the flood. Nu Wa can be said to be the earliest hero in mythology to control floods. " This view is undoubtedly correct in theory, but it is worth discussing from the perspective of folklore. The fairy tale of the goddess mending the sky and creating man is true in the hearts of ordinary people. Mr. Mao Dun once pointed out: "Myth is a popular folk story in ancient times, which describes the actions of gods beyond human ability. Although it is absurd, the ancients told each other, but they believed it. " [1] In fact, not only ancient people believe it, but also modern people believe it. Just as God is real to westerners, Zhenwu Emperor is real to China people. Therefore, in the folk sense, there is no doubt about the legend of Nuwa. But there are different opinions about where Nu Wa's hometown is and where the stones are. Pingli County, Shaanxi Province claims that they are the hometown of Nu Wa. Shexian County, Hebei Province began to hold a public sacrifice ceremony for Nuwa in September 2003, and held a Nuwa Cultural Festival. Fushan Mountain in Pingding, Shanxi Province, said that they were the ruins of the goddess mending the sky; There is a pincer pot for smelting nuwa stone at Niuhe site in Liaoning Province. On the street of Ya 'an, Sichuan, there is a statue of Nu Wa, which is as high as 10 meters. Even Hong Kong came to join Nuwa's excitement. It is said that a piece of colored stone in The goddess patching the sky fell off in those days and became Hong Kong today. Although we have an authoritative explanation of the word "tile" in Zhushan in Kangxi Dictionary, Article 3: "Nuwa Mountain is located in the west of Zhushan County, Yunyang, and it is said that the stone is fine to make up the sky." As evidence. The author also found the relevant records from the "Quiet Township Yang Junzhi" printed by Shanghai Ancient Books Bookstore in June 5438+0964 and June 5438+0, that is, "Nuwa Mountain is in the west of Zhushan County, and Swallow Mountain in Jinchuan is opposite to the boundary of Pingli County, and it is said that Nuwa is refining stones here to make up the sky." Although this record involves ancient place names and divisions, it definitely shows that the location of Nu Wa's stone smelting is in Zhushan County, and this record is nearly 200 years earlier than Kangxi Dictionary, which should be a strong evidence. You can find more information about ancient books. Even so, these arguments are still thin and have two shortcomings. We know that culture can be divided into literal level, literal inheritance mode and oral level and oral inheritance mode. Our argument above is only at the literal level, and there is still a lack of oral level and oral inheritance. On the other hand, the existence of any culture must have its growing soil, and the failure to elaborate the cultural environment is another deficiency of the above argument. If we combine Nuwa culture with regional culture, we can make up for these two shortcomings, thus improving the credibility and influence of Zhushan as Nuwa's smelting stone.

Archaeologists generally believe that the myth of Nu Wa corresponds to the matriarchal clan society in the Neolithic Age. Therefore, whether there are sites in this period is also an important aspect to consider whether Nu Wa is active here. Archaeological findings and research show that there are not only a large number of Neolithic and Paleolithic sites in northwest Hubei, but also one of the birthplaces of human beings. More than 60 paleolithic sites have been found here, including caves, wilderness and Hanjiang terraces, of which 10 is more important. It covers the early, middle and late paleolithic period. Liang Zi of Yunxian School, in particular, has successively unearthed two human skull fossils dating back to 654.38+0 million years ago, named them "Yunxian Immortals". Its discovery denies the view that Africa is the only birthplace of mankind, and proves that northwest Hubei is one of the birthplaces of mankind. In the Neolithic Age, the primitive culture in northwest Hubei was more prosperous. At present, there are nearly 65,438+000 cultural sites in this period, which are very densely distributed. In addition to Yangshao, Qujialing and Shijiahe, there are also factors such as Longshan culture in Henan and Longshan culture in Shaanxi. Yangshao culture clearly reflects the face of matriarchal clan society. The sites in this period are not only numerous, but also have a long time span. For example, the site of Qinglong in Yunxian County, Huoshan in Zhushan County and Yangbiling in Fangxian County all contain nearly 3,000 years of cultural relics such as Yangshao, Qujialing and Shijiahe, which is enough to reflect the long and excellent cultural environment here in ancient times. It is not surprising that Nuwa culture was born in this soil.

From the perspective of folk oral culture, the story of Nu Wa's creation and folk songs are widely circulated in northwest Hubei. Not to mention Zhushan, in the mountain villages of Yunxian, Fangxian and Shennongjia, not only the story of Nu Wa's creation and mending the sky is circulated, but also the content is more detailed than that recorded in ancient books. The myths and legends about Nu Wa are scattered in different ancient books. The legend of "pulling soil to create man" is recorded in Taiping Yulan and Custom Tong. Nvwa 、 Fuxi's brother and sister's marriage is recorded in Duyizhi, and there is a myth that the goddess fills the sky in Huainanzi Lanmingxun, but the legend of Nuwa in northwest Hubei is in a story. It tells the story that Nu Wa and Fuxi brothers and sisters had to get married for the continuation of mankind after the flood, as well as legends such as Nu Wa refining stones to make up the sky. Among them, there are detailed descriptions in the songs "Waiting for the Dead" and "Dark Biography" circulating in Fangxian, Yunxian, Zhushan, Baokang and Shennongjia. In The Dark Biography, which was collected by Hu Chongjun and published by Changjiang Literature and Art Publishing House, the ins and outs of Nu Wa's creation of man to mend the sky were described in detail, with 26 pages and more than 540 lines. It can be seen that the legend of Nu Wa's making man and refining stones to make up the sky is widespread and detailed in northwest Hubei. Not only that, northwest Hubei is also a place where Shennong tasted grass and collected herbs, built trees as houses and crossed cranes to heaven. Fuxi, Nuwa and Shennong are collectively called Huang San, and Custom Tong says: "Fuxi, Nuwa and Shennong are Huang San". "On the Hidden Husband" said: "Fuxi and Shennong are Huang San. One is Nuwa. Shennong is the successor of Nu Wa. Shennongjia, where Shennong lives, is the birthplace of the blocked river flowing through Zhushan County. Nu Wa made up the sky in the middle reaches of the blocked river, and Shennong went to the birthplace of the blocked river to taste grass and collect herbs. Coincidentally, Zhushan is not The goddess patching the sky's place, is it?

It can also provide circumstantial evidence that Zhushan is the land of The goddess patching the sky, which is about the statement that Nu Wa's hometown is in Pingli County, Shaanxi Province. Zhushan and Pingli belonged to Hanzhong County in Qin and Han Dynasties. Before Zhuxi County was established in Zhushan in the 12th year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty, Zhushan and Pingli were neighboring counties. From June 5 to 10, 2003, Pingli County held the first academic seminar on China Nuwa culture in Ankang City. Many historical and cultural experts attending the seminar believe that Pingli County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province should be the birthplace of Nuwa culture, and Nuwa Mountain in this county is the legendary "Nuwa Institute". They are based on ancient historical and geographical works, such as Records of Huayang Country, Records of Ten Roads, Books of the New Tang Dynasty, History of Roads, Records of Nine Domains and so on. And think that this is the place where Nu Wa "lives". There is Fuxi Mountain in the northwest of Nuwa Mountain in Pingli, and there are ancient sites such as Laiwo Temple, Huanggao Temple and Huang San Temple between the two mountains. On the Internet, they also set up a website called "Nuwa's Hometown", and Pingli County was ahead of them in the study of Nuwa culture. However, their previous research not only did not hinder us, but also provided evidence for us to establish Zhushan as a place where Nu Wa tried to mend the sky. First, their research provides us with the basis of ancient books. Just like they quoted different records from the Tang and Five Dynasties? Volume 8 records that "Fuxi came to lie in the temple in Shang Yong, Zhou Fang, and the land was reclaimed by the cloud for the people, and the historical site is here." Shang Yong has always been the ancient name of Zhushan (including Zhuxi in front of the county) since Chu destroyed Yong in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The history of Zhushan County is clearly recorded in the Minutes of Reading Historical Records written by Gu Zuyu in the Qing Dynasty: Zhushan County "This week is a country of harmony, a county of harmony, because Han belongs to Hanzhong County, and the later Han was also a county of harmony, which was established at the end of Jian 'an in Wei and Jin Dynasties, because Song and Qi also established Yong County. Liang analyzed the county, and the Western Wei Dynasty changed to Zhushan. At the beginning of the restoration of Zhou Fang in Tang Wude, he ruled here for ten years, and the state capital moved to Fangling to govern Zhushan County. Because of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the early province of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty was restored to Zhushan County in the thirteenth year, belonging to Xiangyang Prefecture, and changed to this genus in the twelfth year of Chenghua. " [2] As can be seen from the quotation, Zhushan County should be called in the Tang and Five Dynasties, and the author of Yi Zhi may be used to the ancient name, no matter what.

Shang Yong is Zhushan, not Pingli. In order to further prove this statement, the relevant records in the Collection of Ancient and Modern Books by Raymond and Jiang Tingxi of Chen Qing are cited as evidence: "Nuwa Mountain is 90 miles west of the county (Zhushan), and it is rumored that there is a Laiwo Temple where Nuwa refines stones to make up the sky." [3] Although "Different Records" said that the land should be used by people, it was Nu Wa who made man fill the sky, and Laihe Temple also said so. The repeated quotation here is not to deny that Pingli is the place where Nu Wa made people, but to prove it. It has also been repeatedly demonstrated in many aspects, and it will not be completely denied because a quotation is wrong. Secondly, it provides geographical support for Zhushan to become the land of The goddess patching the sky. Zhushan and Pingli, two neighboring counties in ancient times, have a deep historical origin. They emphasize that Nu Wa makes people, while we focus on Nu Wa refining stones to make up the sky, which is geographically logical and can confirm each other.

Second, combining with the spirit of the times, it endows Nuwa culture with new connotations.

The legend of Nuwa is an ancient story, which contains rich connotations under its seemingly absurd appearance. We should seriously explore, integrate into the spirit of the times and give it new connotation in order to play its role in the construction of three civilizations. Judging from the needs of the times, the legend of Nuwa contains at least the following three spirits, which are worth carrying forward.

The first is the fearless spirit of taking the world as its own responsibility, taking the interests of the people as the starting point and bravely overcoming difficulties. Nu Wa met great difficulties at that time. The sky were to fall apart, fire and water were flooding, wild animals were raging, and mankind was facing extinction. She stepped forward to help heaven, kill wild animals, stop floods and save mankind. It is said that tomorrow can be repaired, the ground can be supported, water can be poured, fire can be extinguished, and all raptor monsters have fearless heroism to escape. If we have the fearless spirit of taking the world as our responsibility, taking the interests of the people as our starting point and bravely overcoming difficulties today, what difficulties can't be overcome, what obstacles can't be crossed, what self-interest can't be abandoned, and what achievements can't be achieved.

The second is the innovative spirit of pioneering, imaginative and being the first in the world. In legend, Nu Wa is a great inventor and creator. When the flood soaked the sky and mankind was about to become extinct, she innovated the method of stopping water with reed ash and creating man with loess; After the sky broke, she innovated the method of refining stones to make up the sky; When the earth collapsed, she innovated measures to support the sky. Its rich imagination and bold creation are worthy of emulation by future generations. "Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and an inexhaustible motive force for a country's prosperity." Nowadays, the great cause of reform and opening up and building Socialism with Chinese characteristics needs innovative spirit, and system innovation, system innovation and scientific and technological innovation all depend on innovative spirit. With the spirit of innovation, it will surely bear fruitful innovation results.

Third, repair the lack of natural ecology, maintain the integrity of natural ecology, and achieve harmony between man and nature. Legend has it that Nu Wa is faced with "four poles are abolished, Kyushu is split, the sky does not overlap, and the land is not surplus." The natural ecology has been greatly destroyed and the environment is very bad. She refined five-color stones to make up the sky, and the broken aojiang was enough to erect four pillars, and accumulated reed ash to stop lewd water. Restored the destroyed natural ecology, maintained the integrity of the natural ecology and ensured the sustainable development of mankind. Nowadays, we are also facing serious environmental problems. The forests, grasslands and wetlands in the world are disappearing year by year at an increasing speed, and the desert area is increasing year by year at an increasing speed. The dusty weather is eating away at the beautiful spring. Groundwater, oil and various mineral deposits are exploited in large quantities, and some of them may be exhausted in our generation or the next generation; Wastewater and various wastes discharged from factories and households seriously pollute soil and water sources; Pesticides are increasingly polluting groundwater and food; Carbon dioxide and other harmful gases are discharged into the atmosphere in large quantities, destroying the ozone layer and gradually warming the climate. The life support system on the earth is being destroyed and rapidly degraded. Now people urgently need the spirit of Nuwa to protect the natural ecological balance, realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and maintain the sustainable development of mankind.

Third, integrate with the tourism industry and transform ancient cultural forces into realistic productive forces.

Scenery has no name, and culture is the soul of tourism. Only by truly integrating cultural characteristics into tourism can the development of tourism last for a long time. Tourism is a platform for transforming culture, especially historical culture, into real productive forces. Therefore, the integration of Nuwa culture and tourism industry is an important way to play the role of Nuwa culture. How to combine Nuwa culture with tourism, the author puts forward the following three suggestions.

First, build a Zhushan platform of Nuwa culture. Tourism needs landscape and culture needs carrier. According to ancient records and colleagues listening to Zhushan, there used to be a Laiwo Temple at the foot of Nuwa Mountain, which was later demolished for various reasons. Now it's time to rebuild a more magnificent Laiwo Temple and record the legend of Nuwa mending the sky here. The first is to create a scenic spot for Zhushan tourism; Second, to commemorate this great goddess and carry forward the spirit of Nuwa. At the same time, the Goddess of Heaven was erected in Zhushan County to echo it. The main purpose of this is to publicize the scenic spots of Baofeng Nuwa Mountain with the statue of Nuwa in the county, and lay the foundation for the construction of tourist routes. As for the construction funds, the way of "whoever invests benefits" can be adopted to attract investment, and the ticket income in a certain period can be regarded as the return on investment. This is good for the construction of both civilizations. Why not?

Second, the left and right linkage, the construction of attractive tourist routes. Tourist routes are an organic chain that combines multiple scenic spots with other tourist resources to meet the needs of tourists for "food, shelter, transportation, travel, shopping and entertainment". It is difficult for scattered and fragmented scenic spots to meet the needs of the six elements of tourists. Only by combining scenic spots with the route can we get the best benefit. After the completion of Nu Wa's stone-refining and sky-mending scenic spot, attention should be paid to the combination of lines. In fact, there are many options for this line combination, which should be designed according to the needs of tourists. You can combine the scenic spots in Zhushan County into a short-term one-day tour, or you can build a two-day tour route with Wudang Mountain-Fangxian Hot Springs-Zhushan Nuwa and Shiyang's former residence-Shiyan City. It can also form an ancient myth line with Heping Li and Shennongjia. In a word, according to the demand of the tourism market, in order to enhance the attraction, we should combine left and right to form different routes and promote the development of tourism.

Third, develop the characteristic tourist commodities with Nuwa culture as the core. The turquoise of Zhushan Mountain is a rare stone used by The goddess patching the sky. As far as I know, Zhushan's turquoise products pay more attention to borrowing the power of culture to improve the popularity and vitality of goods. However, there is still a lot of room for its development, even if it is to develop products by using Nuwa culture, there is still much to be done. For example, A Dream of Red Mansions, one of China's four classical masterpieces, was originally named Stone. For the origin of the stone written here, Cao Xueqin made it very clear at the beginning of A Dream of Red Mansions, which is the remnant of the goddess mending the sky. Later, he became a "psychic Baoyu" and followed the reincarnation of Jia Baoyu to the world. Jia Baoyu's name is actually "fake Baoyu", a real stone. A Dream of Red Mansions tells the story that this real stone came to the world and experienced many vicissitudes. There is a poem in A Dream of Red Mansions as proof: "Nothing can fill the sky, and it has been wasted for a long time. This department is behind us, who will remember to make a strange biography? " [4] Accordingly, we can develop a series of tourism commodities according to the story of Jia Baoyu in A Dream of Red Mansions. For example, we can develop a special souvenir for children according to the appearance of "psychic Baoyu" worn by Baoyu in the book: "longevity lock of psychic Baoyu", and so on. As long as it is carefully studied, it will lead to many new ideas and develop tourism commodities with cultural vitality.