How to choose wine utensils

Abstract: wine glasses are to fine wine what bowls and chopsticks are to delicacies. Without wine, I always feel a little less artistic conception when I drink wine. A good wine set can also improve the taste of wine invisibly. As far as the common liquor on the domestic table is concerned, the choice of liquor vessels seems to be more casual, but liquor vessels are also particular. Let's share with you how to choose liquor utensils, and come and have a look. What is the best wine set for drinking white wine?

1, crystal white wine glass

High-specification crystal white wine glasses are made of high-purity silicon dioxide without residue. Generally speaking, it is elegant, and the capacity of some cups is 10 ml. This kind of cup is suitable for elegant drinking-a little!

2. Glass

Glass-like restaurants are the most commonly used, with large and small capacities, one or two cups, two or two cups, and even beer cups. Generally speaking, large cups are more common in the north, which shows the generosity of drinkers. Now some hotels also use some thick-soled glasses, which look quite high, but the glasses are very thick, and some are more than 3 cm. The picture shows the momentum, but the capacity is not much. This kind of glass is suitable for booze-no matter how many receptions there will be, it can compete with Qiao Feng in imposing manner and play with heroism.

3. Ceramic cups

Ceramic cups are rarely seen in restaurants, but they are often found in some clubs or private kitchens. The picture shows the mood. Of course, this kind of cup was very common in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. A good porcelain cup is white with a thin wall and a traditional pattern on the outside. The author believes that in the past, because glass was still a luxury, porcelain cups were more common. Older friends may have the impression that ceramic cups are also common before and after the reform and opening up. This kind of cup is suitable for literary drinking-just like I'm sorry for this cup without saying a few words about talented people and beautiful women having sex with the moon!

4. Ceramic cups

This kind of cup can still be seen in rural areas and towns of China. Its texture is rough, the color is not as white as porcelain cups, and it is mostly taupe. This kind of cup is often the standard configuration for villagers to drink alone, with side dishes and peanuts, which is full of the characteristics of the times. Today, it can still be found in some small towns and local restaurants in Hunan, Sichuan and Chongqing. This kind of wine glass pursues local drinking-it wants the taste of returning to nature.

5. Standard tasting cup

With the progress of the times, cups began to be colorful. Influenced by the systematization and standardization of western wine tasting, domestic liquor professionals began to have standard cups. Look at the test sites of liquor national judges, there are more and more standard white wine glasses. This kind of cup can gather the aroma of liquor, and the material of the cup is good, which is easy to transmit light, and it is easy to observe the color of liquor during tasting, which can make it easier for drinkers to judge the four indexes of liquor, such as color, aroma and lattice. This wine glass is suitable for tasting wine-it's the real thing!

How to choose a white wine glass that suits you?

Because the quality of liquor is not affected by wine utensils, drinkers only need to choose according to their own aesthetics and drinking habits when purchasing white wine glasses. For people who have just come into contact with liquor, I suggest you buy a San Qian or a two-dollar glass, because careful drinking can help to avoid getting drunk when you are not familiar with your capacity for liquor.

1, how much is the white wine glass?

White wine glasses come in all sizes and shapes. Large wine glasses can hold two or three glasses of wine, suitable for people who are addicted to alcohol, and some white wine glasses with a few dollars are quite elegant.

2, white wine glass capacity

The capacity of white wine glasses is as follows: the capacity of Korean white wine glasses is about 32 ml, the capacity of thickened glass glasses is below 50 ml, and the capacity of glass white wine glasses is between 100 ml -200 ml, all of which are the capacity of white wine glasses.

3. How big is the white wine glass?

Generally speaking, whether it is for home use or hotel use, you will choose a white wine glass about 2 liang in size.

4, white wine glass material

The choice of white wine glass material depends on individual consumption level. Common ceramic white wine glasses are affordable, while jade wine glasses are relatively expensive. However, the collection value of jade wine glasses is also quite high!

The history of wine in China.

In different historical periods, due to the continuous development of social economy, the production technology, materials and appearance of wine vessels will naturally change accordingly; Therefore, a wide variety of wine vessels have been produced, which is dizzying for people today. According to the materials of wine vessels, they can be divided into natural wine vessels (wood, bamboo products, horns of animals, conch, gourd mushroom), pottery wine vessels (five-mouth wine rescuer of Yi people), bronze wine vessels, lacquered wine vessels, porcelain wine vessels, jade articles, crystal products (jade square cups, jade synthetic cups and jade bamboo cylindrical cups in Tang Dynasty) and gold and silver wine vessels (golden cups in Tang Dynasty).

1, ancient wine vessels

In ancient times, people ate hair and drank blood, and the use of fire made people end this primitive way of life. With the rise of agriculture, people not only have food to live on, but also can make wine from grain at any time. With the appearance of pottery, people began to have cookers; Starting with cookware, special drinking utensils appeared. It is still difficult to determine when the earliest special wine vessels originated. Because in ancient times, it should be very common to use one device for multiple purposes. In ancient times, wine was unfiltered mash (still very popular now), which was pasty and semi-liquid. For this wine, it is not suitable for drinking, but for eating. Therefore, the edible wine vessels should be general vessels, such as bowls, bowls and other large-mouthed vessels. In ancient times, the main materials for making wine vessels were pottery, horn and bamboo products.

As early as 6000 years ago, during the Neolithic culture period, pottery similar in shape to later wine vessels appeared, such as pottery in the Peiligang culture period.

Pottery in southern Hemudu culture period can also remind people that wine vessels in Shang Dynasty should have a long history.

The development of brewing industry and the noble status of drinkers make it possible to distinguish wine vessels from general food vessels. The quality of wine vessels often becomes one of the symbols of drinkers' status. Full-time winemakers came into being. A large number of wine vessels (brewers and drinking fountains) were unearthed in a tomb during Dawenkou culture period in Shandong Province. According to the analysis of archaeologists, the deceased may have been a full-time winemaker before his death. In the late Neolithic period, especially in the Longshan culture period, the types of wine vessels increased and their uses were clear, which was quite similar to later generations. These wine vessels are: jars, urns, pots, bowls, cups and so on. There are many kinds of wine glasses, including: flat bottom cup, round foot cup, high round foot cup, high handle cup, inclined wall cup, bent belly cup, special-shaped cup and so on.

2. Shang and Zhou bronze wine vessels

In the Shang Dynasty, due to the development of wine-making industry and the improvement of bronze ware making technology, China's wine vessels reached unprecedented prosperity. At that time, there were also clans who specialized in making wine utensils for a living, such as "Long spoon clan" and "Wei spoon clan". Although the drinking atmosphere in the Zhou Dynasty was not as good as that in the Shang Dynasty, the wine vessels basically followed the style of the Shang Dynasty. In the Zhou Dynasty, there were also "sons" who specialized in making wine sets.

The history of bronzes can be traced back to the Xia Dynasty, and the earliest bronze wine vessel found at present is Jue in the Erlitou culture period in Xia Dynasty (Figure 5). Bronze reached its peak in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, but declined in Spring and Autumn Period. The use of wine vessels in Shang and Zhou Dynasties was basically exclusive. According to < < General Theory of Bronzes in Yin and Zhou Dynasties > >; Bronzes in Shang and Zhou Dynasties are divided into four parts: food containers, wine containers, water containers and musical instruments. There are 50 kinds of * * *, among which wine containers account for 24 kinds. According to the purpose, it can be divided into wine boiler, wine container, wine drinking device and wine storage device. And ritual vessels. Rich and varied shapes. But there are also basic combinations, the basic combination of which is mainly Jue and Qian, or Jia. The same shape, its appearance and style are also branded in different historical periods.

A wine container is a container for holding wine for drinking. There are many kinds, mainly: Zun, Hu, Qu, Yi, Disc, Jane, Hu, Yi, Urn and Bu.

Each wine container has many styles, some are ordinary and some are animal-shaped. Take Zun as an example, there are Xiang Zun, Xi Zun, Niu Zun, Yang Zun and Hu Zun.

The main types of drinking utensils are: water bottles, water bottles, horns, cups, boats. People with different identities use different drinking devices, such as

The wine warmer is used to heat the drink after drinking, and it is equipped with a spoon to take the wine easily. Some wine warmers are called bottles, which were popular in Han Dynasty.

The bronze sword in the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Suizhou, Hubei Province, can hold wine with ice cubes, so it is also called ice sword.

3. Han Dynasty lacquered wine vessels.

Since Shang and Zhou Dynasties, bronze wine vessels have gradually declined. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, lacquered wine vessels became popular in southern China. Lacquerware became the main type in Han and Wei Dynasties.

Lacquered wine vessels basically inherited the shape of bronze wine vessels. There are wine containers and drinking utensils. Lacquer ear cups are common in drinking utensils. 1 1 4 lacquer ear cups were unearthed in Yunmeng Shuihudi, Hubei Province, and 90 ear cups were also unearthed in Mawangdui No.1 tomb in Changsha.

In the Han Dynasty, people usually sit on the floor when drinking, with wine bottles in the middle of the floor and drinking spoons and drinking utensils on the floor, so they are short and fat.

Sitting on the bed became popular in Wei and Jin dynasties, and the wine set became more slender.

4. Porcelain wine maker

Porcelain generally appeared around the Eastern Han Dynasty. Compared with pottery, whether it is a wine-making vessel or a vessel for holding or drinking wine, the performance of porcelain exceeds that of pottery. The wine glasses in the Tang Dynasty were much smaller than in the past, so some people think that distilled liquor appeared in the Tang Dynasty. Tables appeared in the Tang Dynasty, and some wine utensils suitable for table use, such as paper notes, were called "parallel twips" in the Tang Dynasty. It is shaped like a hip flask today, with a beak and a handle. It can not only hold wine, but also pour wine into a glass. So it replaced the old bottles and spoons. The Song Dynasty was the heyday of ceramic production, with many exquisite wine vessels. Song people like to drink yellow wine warm. So the combination of paper money and paper money bowl was invented. When in use, the paper money containing wine is put into the paper money bowl, and hot water is injected into the paper money bowl to heat the wine. Porcelain wine makers have been used to this day. Blue-and-white porcelain wine vessels in the Ming Dynasty are the most distinctive, while those in the Qing Dynasty have the characteristics of the Qing Dynasty, such as Francaise, Su Sancai, blue-and-white exquisite porcelain and various antique porcelain.

5. Other wine vessels

In the history of our country, there are some wine vessels with unique materials or shapes. Although they are not very popular, they have high appreciation value, such as wine vessels made of gold, silver, ivory, jade and cloisonne.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, even after liberation, tin wine warmers were widely used. Mainly a wine warmer.

Glow Cup A famous poem by William Wang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said, "Glow Cup for Grape Wine". The luminous cup is made of jade and has been copied successfully in modern times.

Reflux Pot Shaanxi Provincial Museum has a reflow porcelain pot produced by Yaozhou Kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty. The height of the pot is 19cm, and the abdominal diameter is 14.3cm. The lid of the pot is dummy and cannot be opened. There is a small hole in the center of the bottom of the pot, and the bottom of the pot faces upwards, and the wine is injected from the small hole. The small hole is communicated with the central lifter, and the upper hole of the central lifter is higher than the highest wine level. When the hip flask is placed directly, there is no wine leakage in the lower hole. There is also a lifter under the spout to keep the wine from overflowing when entering the wine. This design is ingenious.

Pots used in the imperial palace in Song Dynasty. It can pour out two kinds of wine in a pot.

Fair Cup, produced in the Song Dynasty in Kowloon, has a cup with carved dragons holding their heads high and eight dragons painted on the wine set, so it is called kowloon cup. Below is a disc and a hollow base. When pouring wine, if it is moderate, it will not leak. If it exceeds a certain limit, the wine will be sucked into the base through the siphon effect of the "dragon body", so it is called a fair cup.

The jade urn specially used for storing wine in dushan jade Sea is made of a mottled jet with a circumference of 5 meters. There are sea dragons and sea animals carved around, which are lifelike and magnificent, weighing 3500 kilograms and can store 30 stones of wine. It is said that this big jade urn was shipped from other places by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu in the second year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1256), and it was placed on Qionghua Island to hold wine and hold a banquet for the heroes. Now it is preserved in the former Tuancheng of Beijing Beihai Park.

6. Contemporary wine vessels (after Qing Dynasty)

Modern brewing technology and lifestyle have a great influence on wine series. After entering the 20th century, due to the rapid development of the brewing industry, the way of self-brewing which has been inherited for thousands of years is gradually being eliminated. In modern breweries, the packaging methods of white wine and yellow wine are mainly bottled and jar-packed, and beer is bottled, barreled and canned. Before the 1970s and 1980s, when the living standard was low, the vast rural areas and some urban areas generally had to bring their own containers if they sold wine in jars. However, bottled wine has been popularized in a relatively short period of time, so the wine vessels and containers commonly used in people's families have disappeared, and drinking utensils are eternal. Of course, in some areas, the way of self-brewing still exists, but it is no longer the mainstream of society.

In recent decades, the types of people's drinking have changed greatly. More than a decade ago, no matter in rural or urban areas, high-alcohol liquor was always consumed the most, and yellow wine was also very common in southeast China. Before the 1980s, the output of beer was very small. But after the 1980s, the output of beer rose by leaps and bounds, becoming the largest variety of alcohol. The consumption of wine, brandy and whisky is generally small. The consumption characteristics of alcohol determine that the wines of this period have the following characteristics:

Small glasses are more popular. This kind of wine glass is mainly used for drinking white wine. Wine glasses are mainly made of glass, porcelain, etc. In recent years, they are also made of jade, stainless steel and other materials.

Medium-sized wine glasses can be used as both tea sets and drinking utensils, such as beer and wine. The material is mainly transparent glass.

In order to promote the sales of wine, some factories design wine containers into wine glasses, which are loved by consumers. After drinking, it can also be used as a cup. With the improvement of living standards, canned beer is becoming more and more popular, which is also a typical example of the combination of packaging containers and drinking devices.

From the end of Qing Dynasty, foreign wine was introduced to China, and drinking methods and drinking utensils were also introduced to China. Westerners drink different kinds of wine on different occasions, so they should choose the right glass and not use it casually.

Foreign wine sets have been used in some high-end restaurants. Dining places are divided into high, medium and low grades. Because most of the wines sold in high-end restaurants are foreign wines, the drinking utensils have the characteristics of westernization. With the improvement of people's living standards, drinking utensils used in these high-end places are gradually recognized by the people, but they are not popular.

Star-rated hotels or restaurants have more standard drinking utensils for dining places. There must be a bar in a place above two stars. The higher the star rating, the bigger the bar, the more complete and luxurious the facilities, and the higher the price of wine. Of course, its wine set is more complete and standardized.

At present, most of the wines sold in bars are foreign wines, and the main varieties are brandy, whisky, rum, gin, Odek, champagne, liqueur and so on. Cocktails are also common. Different wine, different glasses, this is the basic common sense of bar staff.

There are many kinds of wine glasses with different shapes, which have historical and regional reasons, but also reflect certain scientific and artistic characteristics. It is very important to use wine glasses correctly in foreign communication.

Drink different wines and choose different glasses. The capacity of the glasses is the most important. Historically, ounces (ounce in English, abbreviated as oz) have been used as the liquid unit of wine. Both English and American units have this unit, slightly different. For example, English 1 oz is 28.41ml; ; The American 1 oz is 29.57 ml. 16 oz is equivalent to 1 pint (USA).