The story of the ancients transmitting information

Post-horse relay is an early organized mode of communication. The "Postman" sculpture is located in Jiayuguan Railway Station Square, based on the mural tomb of Wei and Jin Dynasties in Jiayuguan. With a simple document in his hand, the postman galloped at high speed on all fours. This brick mural was taken as the theme of a small stamp by the First Congress of the All-China Philatelic Federation 1982, which shows that Jiayuguan is one of the cradles of information culture in China.

A whole set of evacuation system was formed in Qin and Han Dynasties. Especially in the Han Dynasty, the documents delivered were graded, and the documents of different grades should be delivered by special personnel and special horses in accordance with the prescribed order and time. Sending and receiving these documents must be registered and marked with time to show responsibility.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the cause of evacuation developed unprecedentedly. The official postal transport line in the Tang Dynasty centered on Chang 'an, the capital city, radiating in all directions and reaching the frontier, with a post station about 30 miles away. According to the Six Codes of the Great Tang Dynasty, at its peak, there were 1 639 post stations in China, with more than 20,000 people specializing in postal services, including 1.7 million post soldiers. The post is divided into three types: land post, water post and waterway merger. Each station is equipped with a station house, a post horse, a post donkey, a post boat and a post yard.

In the Tang Dynasty, there were also explicit provisions on the itinerary of the post station. Lu Yi's trotters walk six posts a day, that is, 180 Li, and then there are about 300 Aliri, and the fastest requirement is 500 Aliri. Pedestrians travel 50 miles a day; Sailing against the current, the river is forty miles, the river is fifty miles, and the other six miles; When it is good, specify 100 to 150 miles. The poet Cen Can wrote in the poem "A Judge on the Road to Longshan" that "after a post, the post rides like a Milky Way; Pingming sent Xianyang, the curtain and the top of the mountain. " Here, he compares the post horse to a meteor. On November 9th, 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan rebelled in Fanyang. At that time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was in Huaqing Palace, three thousand miles apart. Within six days, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty learned the news, and the speed of communication reached 500 miles per day. It can be seen that the organization and speed of postal communication in Tang Dynasty reached a high level.

In the Song Dynasty, all official documents and letters were called "delivery", and "express delivery shop" appeared. There is a bronze bell tied to the collar of the riding whistle in a hurry. Running on the road, ringing the bell during the day and lighting a fire at night, the person killed is not responsible. Shopping for horses, shopping for people, rain or shine, day and night. In the early years of Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, an anti-gold general, was forcibly recalled to Lin 'an from the front with 12 gold medals by Song Gaozong. This kind of gold medal is a gold plate sent by express delivery, indicating urgency.

There are also bells and drums, fireworks, pigeons, semaphores, wolf smoke and other ways to convey information.

Wolf smoke. It was recorded in China during the Spring and Autumn Period that military warnings were transmitted by fire and smoke. After Qin Shihuang, a beacon tower was built every ten miles on the Great Wall of Wan Li, using dried wolf dung as fuel. After ignition, the flame and smoke soar, which may spread the emergency alarm to a long distance. The ancient poem "The sunset in Pingsha is red in the west of the desert, and the stars on the dragon are high and low; The phrase "watching bonfires in several places in the lonely mountain, strong men waiting to beat drums" is a true portrayal of the application of this original information transmission method. This medium was also used in the business activities of businessmen in ancient society. For example, there are records of night teams and caravans "lighting fires for the number" in different periods.

Praise the story of the Western Zhou Dynasty burying a smile.

Praising the rare smile of a great beauty is probably like a beautiful cloud in the sky and a beautiful flower in the ground. Anyway, it's gorgeous and charming, which makes Ji Gongni dizzy, but happiness is too short. Ji Hongni is very troubled by this problem of hers. At that time, there were no new gadgets such as game machines to be used as props, so she had to pay a lot of money to say who could induce a beautiful woman to smile and reward her with 1000 yuan (the origin of the idiom "a smile is 1000 yuan"). Treacherous court official Guo Shifu put forward an ingenious plan, called "playing warlord in the bonfire", to let Ji Gong Nie and Great Beauty visit Mount Li together, light a drum and call the police. When a group of soldiers and horses of the warlord heard the police coming to rescue them and arrived breathlessly, they found that they were safe. The king and queen are playing a parade game upstairs, so they have to retreat. Praise the beauty for seeing teams of sergeants come and go like merry-go-round n times. She didn't know that this was the arrangement of Ji Gong Nie, and somehow, she couldn't help laughing. This smile was so beautiful that Ji Gong Nie was overjoyed, and "war drama princes" became allusions from then on. Jigong Nie prepared experiments several times, but he didn't know that he was in trouble and would pay a heavy price in the future, because he broke his promise to the princes, who were also kings in the same place. They are full of anger: this king is so outrageous that you shouldn't play with us and the queen. Is it easy for us? Busy as hell every day, ha! Don't be silly next time.

The queen's father, Shen Hou, was very angry when he saw that his daughter and grandson had fallen out of favor for no reason, so he colluded with foreign enemies to invade. In 77 1 year BC, the dog army arrived and Jigongnie rekindled the bonfire. The vassals will no longer send troops to rescue and will no longer be fooled. However, this time it is true. As a result, Ji Gongnie was killed and praised as a prisoner.