The deeds of seven sages in bamboo forest

The Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest refer to seven famous people in the early Western Jin Dynasty: Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Dan Tao, Liu Ling, Ruan Xian, Xiang Xiu and Wang Rong.

They were representatives of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties at that time, and their lives were informal. Quiet school advocates learning from Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi. Gather in the bamboo forest to drink and sing. The work exposes and satirizes the hypocrisy of Sima court.

Works of Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest

Ji Kang: Good at guqin. His work is Guangling San.

Ruan Xian: Made the musical instrument of the same name-"Ruan Xian".

Liu Ling: Good wine, the famous ode to wine virtue.

Xiang Xiu: After the disintegration of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest, he wrote "Thinking of the Old".

The uncooperative attitude of the seven sages of the bamboo forest was not tolerated by Sima Chaoting, and finally fell apart:

Ruan Ji, Liu Ling and Ji Kang did not cooperate with Sima Chaoting, and Ji Kang was killed. Wang Rong and Dan Tao took refuge in Sima Chaoting, and the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest finally scattered things.

Bamboo forest is an ordinary landscape. It's not uncommon to walk into the countryside and Shan Ye. You can just look up and see it. However, when scholars walked into this ordinary bamboo forest, they actually produced miracles in cultural history, miracles in political history and anecdotes in spiritual history.

Wonders, miracles, anecdotes and a series of strange words have created seven sages in Wei and Jin Dynasties: Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Dan Tao, Xiang Embroidery, Ruan Xian, Liu Ling and Wang Rong.

Bamboo forest and seven sages are inseparable, and they are called seven sages of bamboo forest.

The Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest believed in Zhuangzi, especially Zhuangzi. Their materialization with bamboo forest and interesting scene are compared with the story of Zhuangzi, becoming a butterfly. I really don't know whether the bamboo forest became the seven sages or the seven sages became the bamboo forest. Or the bamboo forest is the seven sages, and the seven sages are the bamboo forest.

The Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest are a group. If they are compared to bamboo, the seven people are like seven green bamboos, standing in the cloudy bamboo forest.

Some people think that the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest are all Confucians. In fact, they have many customs, each with its own customs. Its value lies in despising, breaking and jumping out of vulgarity with hard struggle. Its sorrow lies in its inability to break free and the resulting depression, or "lost" and rejoin the secular world.

They have similarities, at least, they all have similarities. This kind of similarity means being born high, being a hermit, learning to be immortal, and keeping a certain distance from human fireworks. Without this, it is impossible to walk into the bamboo forest together; Without this, it is impossible to regard bamboo forest as home for quite some time; Without this, it is impossible to be called "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest".

However, just like in the vast world, no two bamboos will be exactly the same. There are seven people and seven kinds of seven sages in the bamboo forest. These seven "bamboos" are swaying, each with its own static dance, its own green and yellow seasons, and its own charm and spirit.

There is a difference between the two, and there is a strong contrast. This difference comes from how to look at prosperity based on disaster. How do you treat your troubled life as a partner? How to treat the long life with the theme of loneliness? What about the name after death? Without this difference, the bamboo forest would be too quiet; Without this difference, the life state of the seven sages would be too simple; Without this difference, the seven sages of bamboo forest will lose their significance as an eternal topic.

There are differences, similarities and differences. Seven sages of bamboo forest synthesize vivid beings.

Only in this way, the seven sages of bamboo forest are the literati groups ready to appear.

The spirit of the seven sages of bamboo forest has made the literati and bamboo have an indissoluble bond.

Every time the prince of the Eastern Jin lived in an empty house, people planted bamboo and said, "How can there be no such king for a day?"

Su Dongpo in the Northern Song Dynasty faced a bleak life and casually said, "It is better to live without bamboo than to eat without meat."

Some people can't help asking, since this book is a book, why not write it in the style of chapters in one go, but whether it is intended to catch up with the latest trends and learn fashion?

The answer is: no, I have to.

There are two reasons: first, the amount of historical materials is uneven. Historical data of seven sages of bamboo forest, Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Dan Tao and Wang Rong are normal. However, you will be dumbfounded if you open the biography of Jin Shu Xiang Embroidery. What is dumbfounded is not the legend of the Lord, the fame of the Lord, or anything else, but that the biography is too short and really out of shape. If you deduct a song that is not too long, there are only nine lines, no, to be precise, eight and a half lines. The biographies of Xiang embroidery are like this, and so are the biographies of Ruan Xian and Liu Ling. The biographies of three people are so short, can you use other historical materials? As a result, apart from the fragmentary records in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, there are even fewer relevant records in other history books. Since it is necessary to write all the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest, it is impossible to bypass Xiang Embroidery, Ruan Xian and Liu Ling. However, with so little historical materials, it is really a bit stretched to give a comprehensive biography of three people, which is seriously out of balance with the other four people.

Second, the time span of the characters is too large. Ji Kang, who was killed to death, and Ruan Ji, who died of illness, all died on the eve of the collapse of the Cao Wei Dynasty, and they were full of Ren Wei. The other five people entered the era of three families returning to Jin. Dan Tao's basic activities were in the period of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, and Wang Rong was in the period of the Eight Kings Rebellion at the end of Jin Dynasty. Xiangxiu, Ruan Xian and Liu Ling had their own deadlines. The result is the lack of a main line that runs through it. If you work hard, you will feel out of order in reading.

In the face of historical data with such a structure, it is difficult. Because of the difficulty, why are there so few comprehensive research results on the seven sages of bamboo forest, and there is an answer.

Sun Tzu said, "Those who know the geographical position of nine changes know the way to use troops."

The beauty of Sun Tzu's art of war lies in one heart, so should grammar.

It's no good thinking about changing the situation repeatedly and then drawing a conclusion.

This is not a solution, which aims to make every article have a distinct theme, proper restraint and opportunities for historical materials to complement each other. Points, one point for each question; Together, it is a general problem.

When it comes to writing articles or books about the history of China, people feel that there are very detailed historical materials piled up there. Scholars who engage in history can vividly convey the ancients to the present as long as they can do some comparison, translation and explanation. In fact, the author is facing an era that has been buried, an era in which no living person can act as a witness. It is only recorded in the fragments of insects and wind, hidden in cultural relics covered with dark red water stains and green rust mottled, and engraved on stone tablets with black corners. Reviving the bright moon in Qin dynasty, learning from the past and using old books, is by no means a worry-free thing.

Turning history into a scene, as the name implies, should be three-dimensional, not flat, not dotted. It's easier to think of than to do. It's difficult, and it's hard to grasp the discretion. Overexaggerating the atmosphere will approach the novel. Life is alive, but it is not credible, and it has lost the flavor of that era. Too much emphasis on loyalty to historical materials will lead to bloodless and insipid. Therefore, it can neither be too fictional nor too sticky, and a special golden mean has become the principle of writing.

It is impossible to completely reproduce the past era. The next best thing is to be as close to the past era as possible and explore the past era as much as possible. After the theme idea is established, through historical facts, literary writing, philosophical thinking and psychological analysis, the historical scenes, people's activities, local customs and customs are "restored", the trajectories of times, dynasties and people in the historical process are outlined, the ups and downs of ecology are revealed, the tragic factors of success or failure are revealed, and the eternal proposition of mutual dependence of fortunes is revealed.

History is a record of people's lives, literature is a description of people's lives, and philosophy is a reflection of people's lives. Trinity all comes from people's basic life. It is against the original intention of learning to turn learning into pure learning and stay away from people's lives.

Historical materials are the skeleton, words are the flesh and blood, and speculation is the spirit. Sima Qian's Historical Records has become a great monument in the history of culture and a classic in both literature and history, and its writing style is thought-provoking.

Yuan Mei, a great genius in Qing Dynasty, has a seal of "Qiantang Su is a page". The author is incompetent, but he still wants to cure one side of the seal, engraved with "xia yang and Ma Qian as the founder"

With such a seal, timid courage may be stronger.

The Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest are not only famous in literature, but also famous restaurants. His deeds are recorded in ancient documents, as well as in famous paintings handed down from ancient times and unearthed cultural relics. A brick mural "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" was found in the Eastern Jin Tomb of Xishan Bridge in Nanjing. In the picture, the characters sit shirtless in the bamboo forest with long sleeves, Ji Kanghe, Ruan Xian beating Ruan, winning the cup, Ruan Ji, sitting on the ground with a glass in front of them. Xiang Xiu seemed drunk and sat down. The picture of seven sages painted by Shi Daoshuo, a painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is also based on the seven sages of bamboo forest. Tang's Map of the Seven Sages vividly depicts the unique charm of the seven sages. In addition, the Shanghai Museum also has a picture of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest by a painter in the Tang Dynasty, also known as "Gao". This picture is in color and incomplete. There are only four figures left: Dan Tao, sitting naked with his knees crossed, Wang Rong, sitting barefoot with his hands full of satisfaction, Liu Ling, vomiting with his glass in his hand, Ruan Ji, grinning all over his face.

The Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest lived in the dark ages of Jin Dynasty. Because they are dissatisfied with the rulers of the dynasty, they often "lead a drunken life and dream of death" and "leave the world behind", advocating the theory of Laozi and Zhuangzi and discussing things with wine. As Du Fu said, "drinking and chatting, singing and breaking the news", their main purpose is to hide in the wine country to avoid disaster. Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said, "Jin people talk more about drinking. As for getting drunk, they don't really care about drinking. Time is hard to cover, but alcohol can alienate the world. Since Chen Ping and Cao Can, this strategy has been used all the time ... It has spread to the followers of Ji, Ruan, and they want to use it completely, thinking that it is a measure to protect themselves ... People who drink may not drink too much, and people who are drunk may not really be drunk! " The seven sages of bamboo forest used wine to drown their sorrows, escaped political persecution and personnel disputes, and often made some bizarre and crazy moves.

Liu Ling is famous for her good capacity for drinking and binge drinking. Its capacity for liquor is chinese odyssey, which is called the "drunken star" in ancient China. The legend that Du Kang made Liu Ling drunk is very popular among the people.

According to records, Liu Ling seldom talks, but likes to drink. Often binge drinking, for many days, Liu Ling often brought wine, ordered someone to follow with a shovel, and told him to say, "If I am drunk, bury me on the spot." Liu Ling's wife saw that he was a heavy drinker and tried to persuade him. Liu Ling said to her, "I can give up drinking, but I can't make up my mind. We can only give up by the power of ghosts and gods. Go buy wine and meat to worship ghosts and gods! " The wife was so happy that she immediately prepared wine and vegetables and asked Liu Ling to swear to ghosts and gods. Unexpectedly, Liu Ling made a wish in front of the gods: "Give birth to Liu Ling, and in the name of wine, have a drink and a welcome, and have five fights to solve the problem. Don't listen to what women say! " After that, I took wine and meat, ate and drank, and in a flash, I was as drunk as mud. One day, his wife brewed a big barrel of wine, and Liu Ling saw it and asked for another one. His wife said, "When the wine is ripe, I will make you drunk." When the wine was ripe, his wife asked Liu Ling to have a drink. Liu Ling excitedly opened the lid of the wine, and the wine was fragrant. Liu Ling couldn't help bending down to drink. His wife pushed him into the jar and pressed the lid on at once. She said angrily to Liu Ling in the jar, "I'll let you drink enough this time!" Three days later, Liu Ling's wife listened to the silence in the jar, quickly opened the cylinder cover and found that the wine in the jar had bottomed out. Liu Ling sat on the distiller's grains with his head down. His wife thought that Liu Ling was dead, and she screamed at once. Unexpectedly, Liu Ling slowly raised her head and smiled and said to her, "Didn't you promise to make me drunk?" How can I sit here now? "His wife is so cynical that she knows she can't make him stop drinking, so she can only make him get drunk day by day.

Liu Ling is broad-minded and not bound by ethics. She often gets drunk, takes off her clothes, and walks around naked while drinking in the house. One day, someone visited Liu Ling. Seeing his state, he sneered and said to him, "You are also a member of the ethical code. It seems that such behavior is really inappropriate. " Hearing this, Liu Ling rolled his eyes and said drunkenly, "I take heaven and earth as my home and my house as my clothing. How did you get into my pants? " The guests were speechless.

All the seven sages in the bamboo forest are addicted to alcohol. Ruan Ji is also one of the giants among drunkards. In order to escape the interference of chaotic political situation, he borrowed wine to eliminate disasters. It is said that Si Mazhao, Emperor Wen of the Jin Dynasty, proposed marriage to his son Sima Yan through Ruan Ji. Ruan Ji dared not directly refuse, so he had to get drunk for more than 60 days and slept soundly every day, so that Si Mazhao could never find a chance to speak. There is a small hotel near Ruan Ji's home, and the female shopkeeper is quite attractive. Ruan Ji often goes to drink, and when he is drunk, he lies beside the female shopkeeper and sleeps soundly. Although she is drunk, she never goes off the rails. When his mother died, he was playing chess with someone, and his chess friends advised him to go home quickly. Ruan Ji insisted on playing chess, and then he drank three fights and cried, vomiting blood and almost fainted.

It is said that the chef of the infantry battalion is good at making wine and has stored hundreds of bottles of wine. Ruan Ji volunteered to ask Emperor Wen of Jin to fill the vacancy of a captain. This is very unpleasant for Liu Ling. Ruan Ji smiled and said to Liu Ling, "The captain has 300 pieces of wine at home, which is enough for us to enjoy." From then on, the two men hid in the captain's house every day to drink until they drank all the wine. Ruan Ji unequivocally offered to resign. Zhong Hui, Si Mazhao's counselor, tried to hurt Ruan Ji, but Ruan Ji got as drunk as a fiddler every day, so Zhong Hui could not be accused together with Luo Zhi. Ruan Ji escaped one disaster after another under the cover of wine.

Ruan Xian is the nephew of Ruan Ji, and his hobby for wine is no less than that of his uncle Ruan Ji. "People who don't make friends in the world know the banquet of string songs." According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Ruan Xian often meets with his people to drink. Instead of ordinary cups and lamps, he used a big basin to hold wine, and everyone sat together and drank freely. One day, while everyone was sitting around drinking, suddenly a group of pigs came running and drank water around the basin. Ruanxian saw it, but he didn't hurry. He casually drank with the pig and enjoyed himself.

Ruan Xian's son Ruan Fu is also an alcoholic. He is short and bald. His wit is extraordinary and he is deeply loved by the emperor. The emperor once put a dozen wine bottles on his hat and played Ruan Fu indoors, which meant that the short wine bottles were similar to Ruan's pregnant figure. As soon as Ruan Yun entered the room, he immediately pretended to be surprised and said, "Why are all the brothers sitting here? Come home with me as soon as possible! " So he returned home with wine, which made the emperor clap his hands and laugh. Later, he was impeached for replacing the golden mink given by the emperor with wine. Ruan and his son are both strange people in the wine industry.

Dan Tao is even better at drinking. It is said that Dan Tao gave up drinking eight times and never touched a drop of wine. Once the emperor invited Dan Tao to drink. In order to determine the quantity of eight barrels of wine in Dan Tao, people took out eight barrels of wine for Dan Tao to drink. When Dan Tao wasn't looking, he secretly added more wine. Dan Tao drank eight barrels of wine and never drank again. The emperor was also surprised.

Through searching the relevant translated names of Dazhengzang, field investigation and comprehensive analysis of documents, it is concluded that the quotations of Sakyamuni in the Chinese Buddhist scriptures from the Eastern Han Dynasty to Yin Xi are "bamboo grove" and most of them are translated into "bamboo garden". The view that "Seven Sages in Bamboo Forest" is a Buddhist allusion attached by scholars in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is debatable.

Yang Shan in Hanoi, where bamboo has grown since ancient times, is located between the post office and Luoyang. This is the manor and villa area of dignitaries in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it is a politically sensitive area. The trip to the bamboo forest took place here. In the process of spreading the story of "Seven Sages in Bamboo Forest", the Wang family of Langya played an important role in the Jin Dynasty, and it was finally fixed in the historical memory through the pen.

Keywords: Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest Buddhist Scripture Yang Shan

The records of seven sages, Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Dan Tao, Xiang Xiu, Ruan Xian, Wang Rong and Liu Ling, who visited the bamboo forest together, were only seen after Shi Zhuan in the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and almost no one questioned its authenticity for more than a thousand years. Mr. Chen, a modern academic giant, is the first to put forward a new theory. He thinks that the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" was formed by scholars in the Eastern Jin Dynasty who attached seven authors to The Analects of Confucius under the name of "Bamboo Forest", which is not a historical record. This theory is groundbreaking and has influenced the research ideas of contemporary academic circles. Some scholars continue to develop along this line of thinking and further "falsify" the theory of "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". They think that the age difference and living distance of one of the seven sages of bamboo forest make it impossible for them to meet in Yang Shan at the same time, and it is verified that the counterfeiter may be Xie 'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. However, through the on-the-spot investigation of the site of "Youzhulin" and combing the relevant documents of the seven sages of bamboo forest, the author thinks that although the views of the master and the sages at that time promoted the in-depth study of the seven sages of bamboo forest, it is inevitable that the wise will lose their wisdom.

Secondly, after the popularity of the theory of "seven sages of bamboo forest" in the early Eastern Jin Dynasty, the translation of Buddhist scriptures began to slowly change from "bamboo garden" to "bamboo forest". During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the translated names of "Bamboo Garden" decreased gradually, while the translated names of "Bamboo Garden" increased gradually. The statistical results are shown in Table 3. How to explain this change? If no better reason is found, then the wide spread of historical allusions of "Seven Sages in the Bamboo Forest" may be the reason that affects the changes in Buddhist scripture translation. In other words, it is not the allusions of "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" in Buddhist scriptures that affect the title of "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", but the allusions of "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" may affect the translation of Buddhist scriptures.

In the Jin Dynasty, the Buddhist meaning of "counting classics and matching foreign books" was based on China's noun concept and academic thought to echo and explain Buddhist scriptures, not the other way around. Moreover, the most important rule of case meaning is that there is analogical identity between the interpreter and the interpreted. Therefore, even if there is interaction between the two sides, scholars should follow the rule of Geyi and establish the connection between similar things by comparing Buddhist allusions with historical and cultural phenomena in China. But China's "bamboo trip" is different from Indian's "bamboo theory". First of all, the former is that several friends get together to talk about the equal exchange of drinking; The latter is a leader preaching to believers, and the audience will always be tens of millions. For example, in Zhu Fahu's translation of the Samadha Sutra of Infinite Treasure, "the Buddha seems to have 1,250 monks when he arrives at the Moon Bamboo Garden for a while". The Heart Asks Brahma Sutra records that "there were 64,000 monks and 72,000 bodhisattvas among the monks in the bamboo garden next to King Shecheng". Moreover, in the concept of Han and Jin dynasties, sages cannot be learned, and there is an insurmountable gap between sages and saints, which cannot be mentioned in the same breath. The seven sages of bamboo forest belong to sages, equivalent to monks in Buddhism. Therefore, Sun Chuo wrote "On Daoxian County", "Seven sages of bamboo forest are based on seven monks of Tianzhu". Buddha and sage are the same. Sun Chuo's On Jade and Taoism says that "Zhou and Confucius are Buddhas, and Buddhas are from outside to inside", so he didn't use the seven sages to "square" the Buddhas, because they can't be compared with "Geyi".

In the northern area south of Taihang Mountain, bamboo has been planted since ancient times, and even planted artificially as a cash crop in a large area. Historical Records Biography of Huo Zhi: "A thousand acres of bamboo in Weichuan ... this person is like a thousand households." During the Han and Jin Dynasties, with the development of manor economy, northern literati generally planted bamboo when building self-sufficient manors with beautiful scenery. Zhong Changtong was born in Gaoping, Yang Shan (now Jining, Shandong) at the end of Han Dynasty. When he was young, he traveled in the north. "In his twenties, he shuttled between Qingdao, Xuzhou, Hebei and Hebei." Later, he joined Cao Cao's army and lived in Cao Zhen for a long time. In Chang Yan, he described the ideal manor like this: "There are fertile fields, wide houses, streams facing the mountains, surrounded by ditches and ponds, and surrounded by bamboo and wood." Pan Yue's manor in the Western Jin Dynasty is located on the bank of Luoshui River in the southern suburb of Luoyang. The Book of Jin (Volume 55) and Pan Yuechuan contain his "Fu of Living in Idleness": "Love to settle in my house, build a room and a pool ... bamboo and wood are beautiful, but the fruit is uneven". It can be seen that it is entirely possible for Ji Kang to have a bamboo forest in his manor in Yang Shan, Hanoi, and historical documents and on-the-spot investigations prove that the two sites of the "Bamboo Forest Tour"-Ji Kang's two former residences: Yang Shan Garden House and Jishan Villa-are not fiction.

First, Yang Shan Garden House. "Water Classic Note" Volume 9 "Clear Water": "There are seven sages in the East, which are planted around and remain unchanged in winter and summer. Wei Infantry Captain, Ruan Ji, a third-grade doctor, now Ji Kang, Jin Situ Hanoi, Situ Lang Association, Huang Menlang Hanoi Xiang Xiu, joined the army to build Wei, Shi Ping Ruan Xian and so on. , lived in Yang Shan together and made a complacent trip. At that time, he was named seven sages of bamboo forest. Yang Shan's former residence in the so-called Xiangzi period. Later generations built a temple there. There is another spring in the south of the temple, which flows southeast and pours into Changquan. Guo Zheng Xu said:' There is the former residence of Jigong twenty-five miles south of Bailuyuan, so there is something left to live in.' Gai yue, this is also. Guo's records about the bamboo forest site can also be found in many books, among which the most detailed quotation is "Taiping Magnolia" (Volume 64), which lives in the four houses: "Twenty miles northeast of Shanyang County, the home of scattered doctors, now known as Tianxu. Father and the old man are still called Jigong Bamboo Forest, so there was bamboo left at that time. " Guo's life story is unknown. Sui Shu Jingji Zhi, Volume II, History Department and Geography records: "Guo wrote Shu Ji Zheng, Volume II." The chronicle "Miscellaneous Biography of the History Department" also contains: "The biography of the sage in Wuchang was written by Guo, the satrap of Tianmen in Song Dynasty." It can be seen that Guo was born in the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, and Shu Zheng Ji is the earliest document to record the growth of bamboo forests in Jikang Garden. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the "Seven Sages' Hall" in Notes on Water Classics was changed to the Buddhist temple "Seven Kulin Temple", but there is a "Seven Sages' Hall" dedicated to the seven sages of bamboo forest in the temple. Temple south "seven sages spring", later named "bamboo forest spring". This temple and this spring can be found in documents of past dynasties, such as Taiping Yuhuan Ji, Tong Ming Zhi, Henan Tongzhi, Qing Tongzhi, Gan Long Huojia County Zhi, Huixian County Zhi, Daoguang Xiuwu County Zhi and now revised Xiuwu County Zhi. The site of Qixian Temple is located between Luzhuang and Yangshan Village in Huixian County, Henan Province, adjacent to Zhulinquan. Now there is nothing left in Chikulinji, but the bamboo spring has been flowing, merging into a clear stream, flowing eastward around the bamboo ruins, and the shore is a large green bamboo forest. Visiting villagers learned that they didn't know the story of "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", and planting bamboo was not to commemorate the sages, but an important local sideline. But for us, the pursuers of the seven sages of bamboo forest, the cool spring water and the dense bamboo forest have special significance.

Second, Lushan Villa. In addition to the garden houses that Wei and Jin scholars often lived and operated, they also built leisure villas by mountains and rivers, which were called "villas in the mountains" in history books. Ji Kang is no exception. He owns a villa on Ji Mountain, about 25 miles northwest of Zhulinquan Manor. Ji Kang revealed this information in his poems exchanged with the Guo brothers: "In the past, I was just a father and a brother, and I was too young to afford it. Because I am lazy, I sleep in Beishan. " "Bright and not help the world, when vulgar and unexpected. I am from Beishan, and I am happy to pretend. " Among them, "Beishan" is not a literary description expressing ideals and yearning, but a villa located in the second place of bamboo forest tour, Lushan Mountain. I followed the long and tortuous ancient road into the mountain and reached the mountain depression surrounded by mountains-Ji Mountain under Baijiayan in Tianmen Mountain, before I understood the meaning of the word "Beishan A". Xiuwu County Records is also accompanied by an ancient map, which is the same as the survey results. Bailu Mountain, Tianmen Mountain and Jishan Mountain, which appear in the above documents, are actually different names for several peaks of the same mountain. The mountain is located at the southern foot of Taihang Mountain, in the north of Xiuwu County, and the mountain is extremely majestic. Baijiayan is a huge cliff about 170 meters high and 500 meters wide under the southern slope of Tianmen Mountain. A hill under the cliff is Ji Mountain. Between the cliff and Lushan Mountain, there is a flat land with a width of about 30 meters and a length of about 100 meters, which can be used by hundreds of people (hence the name "Baijiayan"). There are clear springs and mountain streams here with beautiful scenery. Ji Kang's villa was built here, and was later replaced by Baiyan Temple, a Buddhist temple. The scenic spots and historical sites of bamboo forest tourism are concentrated in this area, such as Taiwan, Sun Deng's whistle platform, Ruan's bamboo forest, Jikang's forging furnace and quenching sword pool. The natural and human geography here is recorded in detail in Yuanhe County Records, Taiping Global Records, Ming Tong Records, Qing Tong Records and Daoguang Xiuwu County Records.

The existence of "bamboo forest" has been proved. Then, can the distance between the hometowns of the seven sages become an obstacle for them to gather in the bamboo forest? In the early period of Cao Wei, many scholars moved away from their homeland and concentrated in the capital Luoyang and Gyeonggi areas. As a result, the official election system changed the traditional village election to the nine-product system. The actual residence of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest has nothing to do with their native place. Most of them live in Hanoi county, and a few live in Luoyang, which is not too far apart.

The long-term war at the end of Han Dynasty caused the population in northern China to drop sharply, and a large number of uninhabited wasteland appeared. This phenomenon is more obvious in Henan and Hanoi counties near Luoyang, the capital of the main battlefield. So, Cao Cao moved Han to Xuchang, and Wei Lizhi worked as a postal service. In the first year, Huang Chu moved the capital to Luoyang. At that time, the land was vast and sparsely populated. Most of the officials in the Gyeonggi area occupied Tian Jianzhai. Even Yang Pei, a semi-retired official in Feng Yi, is in the western suburbs of Luoyang, "occupying two hectares of barren fields in the sunset pavilion, starting from a melon and a cow and staying in it". It should be pointed out that because the south fought against Sun Wu, it was divided into wasteland area from Shouchun in northern Anhui to the south of Luoshui, so the official land occupation was mainly in the north of Luoshui. Therefore, Hanoi county, located in the north of Luoyang, has become a strategic rear area, and its position is equivalent to the meeting of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Hanoi County is located at the southern foot of Taihang Mountain, with fertile land, many springs, waterfalls and rivers, which are all over the estates of dignitaries, among which "the princess suffered more than 30 places". Ji Kang was originally from Qiao County, and his father was a grain minister of Cao Wei. I married Princess Changle Pavilion. Yang Shan's manor may have been built by his father or accompanied by his wife. One of the seven sages of the bamboo forest, originally from Langya, may also be that his father Wang Hun is setting up a garden house and has become a long-term neighbor of Ji Kang, "living for twenty years". Dan Tao and Xiang Xiu were originally from Xiaohongqiao Village and Shang He Village in Huaixian County (south of Yangshan, now Wuzhi County). Although Dan Tao and Xiangxiu still live in their hometown, they are only 70 miles away from Jikang Garden House. In the era of "freedom" occupying land, they may live closer. Xiang embroidery's "homesickness" says that "I am only near Ji Kang and Lu". "Living" does not mean accommodation, but living, as evidenced by Yang Pei's "living" in the thatched cottage. Pei Liu Ling doesn't live in her hometown, and her activities are not recorded in Luoyang and Hanoi. The whereabouts of this man is unknown. "He often rides a deer cart with a pot of wine to make people follow him. As the saying goes,' Dig a hole and bury it when you die' ". There is a tomb of Liu Ling in Huojia County, which is adjacent to Shanyang County and Huaixian County. It is dozens of miles away from Jikang Bamboo Garden, which is closer than the hometown of Dan Tao and Xiang embroidery.

Ruan Ji lived in a place where the valley water turned eastward outside Luoyang, hence the name "Ruan Qu". Ruan Xian and his uncle Ruan Ji live here. "Ruan Zhongrong lives in Lunan with infantry, and Zhu Ruan lives in Lubei". Although Luoyang and Luoyang are 250 miles apart, this does not stop Ruan's uncle from attending the bamboo banquet. At that time, the dignitaries who lived in Luoyang for a long time liked to go north to Hanoi, fish and hunt between the green mountains and green waters at the southern foot of Taihang Mountain, and drink and talk in the villa. Ying Kun's book "Learning from Younger Brothers Miao and Jun" reveals the precious information of Cao Wei's "Yang Shan's love knot". Ying Kun is the seventh son of Jian 'an {? My younger brother, who has made extensive friends in Luoyang, has a long history as a constant servant, a middle servant and a general. Jiaping died in four years. Judging from the contents of this letter, the Ying family from Runan has now settled in Yang Shan, Hanoi, and owns a garden house. In the letter, Ying Ying advised his two younger brothers who were farming in Yang Shan not to be officials, but to devote themselves to expanding the scale of the manor. It's okay to sneak into the grave and make a name for yourself ... In the suburbs of Mu Zhi, it's appropriate to take care of it and reclaim the land. "Hanging out in officialdom is a last resort. The happiest activity is to cross Mangshan Mountain, cross the Yellow River and go north to Yang Shan, Hanoi. " An idle man travels northwards like a vast expanse. Climb the Mangji River, and you will be lost. Fengbo can sweep the road, and Teacher Yu can spill it. Look around Shan Ye along the road of love. It's time to end, too. Have a spring bar. Connected with Wumart, it is cool in summer; It's more delicious than the abbot. The promenade pond, Liu Xia chanting. If you are envious in spring, you will dominate the sky if you fold. How happy it is to follow the birds in the high clouds and bait fish in the abyss! "The ideal life is to retire from politics." We will defend Yang Shan and sink into fresh water. "This is not a literary image, but a manor with an exact geographical location. Fresh water flows from the south of Taihang Mountain, passes through Dengcheng, Yang Shan, and then flows into Qinshui.