Basic skills of digital photography?

Master the unique functions of digital cameras.

First of all, we should know some special functions of digital cameras. Digital cameras are different from traditional cameras, and there are some special adjustment options when shooting, which are very important for digital photography. Such as "ISO adjustment" and "exposure compensation" are very special and important.

(A) About ISO

First of all, let's talk about the adjustment of ISO. The adjustment of ISO setting is mainly affected by two aspects. The first is the trouble of insufficient light, and the second is the slow shutter speed. In this case, if a tripod or digital camera can be fixed, you can shoot by adding an aperture shutter or a slow shutter. But in the absence of tripod support or hand-held digital camera can not guarantee stable shooting, you have to choose a higher ISO to solve this problem.

Remember, if you want to get a clear picture, you should try to shoot with a low ISO setting. For example, if you want to shoot a moving object on a cloudy day or at sunset, the shutter speed setting is preferably1125s. However, under the setting of ISO50 or ISO 100, even under the maximum aperture setting, the digital camera will not reach this shutter speed, but shoot with a slow shutter. At this time, we can only improve the ISO setting to get a fast shutter, so as to capture fast moving objects.

However, the adjustment of ISO should be gradual. First move to the nearest gear to see if you can achieve your shooting intention. If it's not ideal, move it up one notch, so as to ensure the best ISO setting for shooting. Of course, in any case, the increase of ISO will lead to the increase of noise, so we have to understand the advantages and disadvantages of ISO changes.

In short, the increase of ISO setting will lead to the increase of noise. Of course, in the case of poor lighting conditions, the increase of ISO can improve the shutter speed and realize the reliability of shooting.

Remember, in the dark part or monochrome area of the photo, the performance will be more prominent and the noise phenomenon will be more obvious. The photos taken at low ISO are clean and neat, but it is best to use a tripod for low-light assisted shooting.

(B) About white balance

Photos taken in the fluorescent room will appear green, while photos taken in the shadow of the sun will appear blue inexplicably. I think friends who have just played with digital cameras have probably encountered this situation, and the reason lies in the setting of "white balance". The function that can compensate this phenomenon is "white balance". If you don't want your skin to be weird when shooting, why not come with us to learn what white balance is?

White balance control is to make the color of photos taken under various light conditions completely consistent with the color of the scenery seen by human eyes through image adjustment. Simply put, white balance is the function of defining "white" as "white" regardless of ambient light, which can ensure the accuracy of color reproduction. Generally speaking, when adopting the automatic mode, the digital camera we use will also adopt automatic white balance, which is easy to make mistakes in special circumstances. At this time, it is suggested that you call the preset white balance value in the digital camera, including indoor incandescent lamps, outdoor sunny days, hotels and other common environments. After setting the white balance correctly, the color performance is more natural than that on the right.

However, white balance has many other uses. For example, different white balance values will cause color cast in photos, and using this feature, we can make our works produce some special effects, which is often more natural and convenient than using small accessories such as color filters. Using yellow custom white balance to produce blue light and light blue custom white balance to produce warm orange red light, we can artificially control the color shift of photos. To make the photo softer, use light blue objects to define the white balance. To make the photo deeper, use yellow to define the white balance.

In some shooting environments, the preset white balance value of digital camera may not be enough, and white balance is a very abstract concept, which is difficult to describe with simple values. In addition, you can use the white balance capture function of digital camera, which is also the most accurate way, but it is relatively cumbersome to use. First, find a white object that you think is the most standard, usually a white paper or plaster sculpture. Then turn on the white balance capture function of the digital camera and aim the lens at the standard white object. At this time, the digital camera can accurately capture the white balance parameters in the environment at that time.

Mastering the white balance, the photos will have accurate color performance.

(3) About exposure compensation

Concept of exposure compensation (EV): Photography is actually a process in which a photographer uses his own photography technology to calculate the ambient light and capture the scene image through photographic equipment. This process is related to the aperture value of the device (controlling the luminous flux entering the camera per unit time), shutter speed (exposure time) and ISO (sensitivity to light). Nowadays, traditional devices and DC will calculate the ambient light through their own internal programs, and automatically adjust the aperture, shutter and even ISO value. However, in the Gao Fancha environment with complex light and strong contrast, the photos taken by P (programmed automatic exposure) blocks are often unsatisfactory and the effect is not the best. At this time, the photographer needs to manually adjust the exposure parameters of the equipment, that is, the exposure compensation EV (exposure value).

There are many ways to compensate and adjust the light, such as flash lamp, photographic lamp and reflector. Adjustment of aperture value and compensation of luminous flux parameters for exposure time. Strictly speaking, the above compensation methods should be classified as the concept of "light compensation or exposure control". There is also the adjustment and compensation of EV unique to digital cameras.

The compensation of external light by flash lamp is hard in the absence of other supplementary light sources, which often leaves obvious shadows on the background of the subject, and at the same time makes the highly reflective part of the subject lose its sense of hierarchy and has serious distortion, so it is rarely used.

Photographic lighting can create a good shooting effect, but it is often limited to the studio due to the limitations of conditions.

Reflective plates with soft light and supplementary light effect are widely used in portrait photography in small scenes, mostly for supplementary light on the main face, and their limitations are self-evident.

The adjustment of aperture and shutter luminous flux parameters is often due to the need to consider the influence of depth of field and moving objects in the shooting process, which will have a feeling of being stretched in practical application.

For popular digital cameras, the most common method is to adjust EV to achieve the purpose of exposure compensation.

The adjustment range of most consumer digital cameras is 2.0EV, and the high-grade DC can reach 3.0EV. One of the indicators to test a DC is its manual adjustment function, and the adjustment accuracy is also an important factor in EV adjustment, generally 0.3 or 0.5. The smaller the grade difference, the more satisfying the photographer's creative intention.

For beginners, exposure compensation is generally used for still life and scene shooting. This situation is suitable for you to adjust the parameters calmly, shoot many films with different compensation values, and choose the best works from them.

Correctly adjust the EV value: use EV+ in typical underexposed scenes (objects have many bright areas, such as water surface, snow scene, sunrise and sunset scene, etc.). ), and use EV- in typical overexposed scenes (dark areas with many objects, such as dense forests, shadows and close-ups of black objects, etc.). ). Simply put, it is "white plus black minus, bright plus dark minus".

It should be noted that the aperture/shutter parameters of the camera will change when the EV value is adjusted, regardless of whether the DC is in the P file or the S/A file: when the EV is adjusted in the P file, the aperture and shutter of the camera will be automatically adjusted; The fixed aperture under the adjustment of block A and EV will change the shutter speed; When the shutter is fixed under the S-stop and the EV adjustment is linked, the aperture size will change. However, these changes of aperture and shutter will not affect the exposure compensation effect after final imaging.

If you master the adjustment of ISO and exposure compensation, then the digital camera will be more handy to use. After playing with the digital camera, take a look if you take pictures.

Introduction skills of photography

Photography is actually a complicated and simple thing. If you master the essence, it will be easier. First of all, introduce composition. Composition is the first and most important step to take a good photo.

1. light processing

The dynamic characteristics of camera light are not only determined by the technical requirements and modeling characteristics of camera shooting, but also closely related to the different requirements of different content for light. In documentary images, such as documentaries, scenery films, documentary feature films, etc. Usually, it is required to reproduce the typical light effects in the typical environment without distortion, pay attention to the use of light in real life, and emphasize the real and natural light effects. However, the light consumption of artistic images is more complicated and diverse than that of documentaries, which can be handled manually as needed, but it should be properly mastered according to the different shooting contents and program genres.

2. Color processing

Color can affect our mood, for example, shooting red can make people feel happy and unrestrained, green can make people feel quiet and peaceful, and white can make people feel terror and death. When shooting, according to the needs of the theme and content, choose colors with distinctive emotional characteristics and clear relationships, and match, combine and use them appropriately and flexibly.

Color can also be used to express time. For example, red leaves symbolize autumn, orange grass tells us that the sun is setting, while colorful flowers show the morning. Color can also set off the expressive force of visual elements, such as rosy skin expressing youth.

3. Tone processing.

It is very important to do a good job of light and shade configuration in image composition. When we choose the subject in the picture, putting a small shadow tone in a large area of bright shadow tone or appearing a small bright shadow tone in a large area can attract the audience's visual attention and help to express the object or subject to be emphasized. The arrangement of light and shade can also be used to balance the composition of the picture. If one side of the picture is very dark and the other side is very bright, properly adjusting the relationship between light and shade by composition can change this unbalanced situation and make the structural form of the picture stable and balanced.

4. Line processing

In composition, the beauty of lines depends largely on their relationship with the frame of the picture. For example, shooting the same flagpole, although it is upright in real life, it can occupy the center of the picture in the picture frame of the TV screen, or it can cut the picture beside it, giving people a different feeling. This requires you to know and choose the best line form of the subject, which can best express and embody its essence, and best convey the theme and creative intention in the shooting process.

After mastering the composition, I think you are only a little bit away from success. Don't worry. Finally, let's take a look at the main points we summarized. I believe that as long as you take more photos and think more, you can create excellent photos. "Zamabu"-Avoid the harm caused by jitter

Tripod may not be a common accessory for beginners. Even friends who are equipped with a tripod are often reluctant to take it with them when they go out to play. When shooting in a well-lit environment, they generally don't encounter the problem of hand trembling caused by the low shutter. However, if you don't use a tripod to assist shooting in a dark environment, ordinary novices will not have the skill of "being as steady as Mount Tai" when the shutter is lower than115 seconds. At this time, the camera is prone to jitter and shooting. (When the shutter of digital camera is lower than 1/30s, the warning sign of "Image Stabilizer" will appear on the LCD screen).

When shooting without a tripod fixed camera, you should learn to use all methods and terrain to achieve the most stable shooting preparation, just like a martial arts master. If there is no tripod, you must take the camera with the help of surrounding objects, such as leaning against a tree and putting your arms on a railing or other fixed objects. At this time, if you use a rotating lens (Nikon 5000, Nikon 5700, Sony F7 17, F707, etc. ) or digital cameras with display screens (Canon G2, G3, Olympus 5050z, etc. ) better, because even if you lean on the railing, the ground or the wall, you can check the LCD in front of you, which is very convenient. Sometimes you can even put the digital camera directly on the protruding part of the waist and pelvis for stable shooting.

"High-low Decision"-How to Reduce Noise

When shooting a moving object or shooting in a dark environment, you can sometimes use a high sensitivity setting. When shooting with high ISO value, the shutter speed is faster and shooting is easier, but one problem brought by high sensitivity is that the picture noise will increase. In fact, this is a headache for many digital camera users, with low sensitivity, difficult shooting, less noise, high sensitivity, easy shooting and more noise. Generally speaking, we should reduce the resolution of high-sensitivity photos, but the noise in the photos is not so obvious. This is simply because one pixel in the reduced image is obtained by merging the original pixels. In other words, three noises become one noise, which is not a strict explanation, but it can help us understand this phenomenon.

Therefore, using the phenomenon mentioned above can directly solve the difficulty of high-sensitivity shooting with more noise on digital cameras. However, let's first understand the causes of noise generated by digital cameras: in the case of low light illumination, the CCD unit cannot sense enough light, the current intensity after the light signal is converted into an electrical signal is relatively small, and the proportion of dark current passed by the CCD itself is relatively increased, so it can be understood that increasing the brightness sensed by the CCD can reduce the noise. For example, we shoot a digital camera with the highest pixel up to 3 million pixels at 654.38+0 million pixels, which is equivalent to using three CCD photosensitive units as one, the photosensitive capacity is equivalent to three times, and the image noise is also reduced a lot.

How many pixels is the best for each camera under high sensitivity setting, which requires the user's own actual experience. Let's make an analogy. If they are all under the setting of ISO400, the shooting noise of a 2-megapixel digital camera may be the smallest under the setting of 640×480 resolution, while a 5-megapixel digital camera can get good results under the setting of 1024×768 resolution.

"Remove freckles"-Avoid showing dates in photos.

Most traditional cameras have date printing function, which is convenient for future inquiry, and digital cameras also inherit this function. However, after the photo was dated, I felt that the tourist souvenirs were very strong. If it is a beautiful landscape photo, it will feel a bit redundant after the date is indicated. If I don't date, I'm afraid I'll forget the photo time in the future. In fact, all digital cameras now support Exif information function. Exif is a piece of information contained in the photo file header, including detailed shooting parameters such as date and time, aperture, shutter, white balance and camera model. With Exif information, no date is needed at all. Usually, digital cameras can view this information directly in browse mode. If you want to view it in detail, you can upload the photo file to your computer and view it with ACDSee 4.0 or above. The specific steps are: first, select the file to be viewed and then click the file "Properties" to read it, or directly view the file "Properties" under Windows XP system and then select "Advanced" to view it.

For a photo taken with a digital camera, you can use the method shown in the above figure, and it is easy to find all the attributes of this photo in ACDSee software, including resolution, image size, aperture size, shutter time, focal length, shooting time and so on.

Self-timer flash

Most digital cameras are electronic shutters, so they generally don't make sound. In order to facilitate people to perceive the shutter action, a small simulated sound will be made when the shutter is pressed. Generally, taking pictures is no problem. If you shoot with the self-timer function in noisy situations, you can't hear the shutter sound at all. Although there is a self-timer indicator, it doesn't look good in a bright environment. Because I don't know when it will be finished, I can only wait a little longer like a sculpture. In fact, we can use the forced flash function of digital camera to set the flash mode to forced flash when taking a selfie, so that we can know that we have taken it when we see the flash. Don't worry that forced flash will affect the photo exposure, because it is not obvious whether it flashes when the light is sufficient, and it should flash more when the light is insufficient.

When taking a selfie, if the selfie description is not obvious, you can use a flash to explain it. If the light is insufficient, you should turn on the flash to supplement the light.

Wide-angle easy shooting

The wide angle of many digital camera lenses is relatively small, generally 35-38 mm If you have to shoot at close range due to distance limitation, sometimes you can't shoot all the scenes you want into the picture. At this time, we can take advantage of the characteristics of digital camera photos for post-production, take one or more photos with the subject as the center, and synthesize them into one photo with panoramic software on the computer. The quality of wide-angle lens is not as good as that of camera. At present, the commonly used panoramic software includes Panorama Factory, MGI Photovista, Adobe Photo Elmement and so on. If you are familiar with Photoshop, you can use Photoshop.

The photo on the left was taken with a 35mm lens, and the photo on the right was taken with a 28mm wide-angle lens at the same position. It can be clearly seen that the photo on the right contains much more content than the one on the left. But at present, except Minolta Dimage7 series, Nikon Coolpix5000, Olympus 5050z and other digital cameras, the wide angle of most other consumer digital cameras is above 28 mm.

Many softwares can realize panoramic photos like this. At present, many brands of digital cameras provide convenience for taking panoramic photos, such as Canon and Olympus.

All right. Having said that, it's all some basic knowledge about photography. I wonder how much you absorbed. It doesn't matter, as long as you master these basic skills, you can play the rest freely. If you read this article and took good photos during the holiday, don't forget to show it to me. Just send it to my email. Good things are shared.