Climbing the top of the earth, character and spirit

Guo (1934-2000), male, 1956 graduated from the journalism department of Peking University, and went to Tibet to engage in journalism under very difficult conditions. At that time, as a reporter interviewed by the mountaineering team, he learned many touching stories directly or indirectly in this mountaineering activity. After climbing successfully, Guo wrote a long newsletter "Red Flag on Mount Everest" at the fastest speed and published it. Published news works include Rushing to the Top, Ten Years in Tibet, Water Training in Wan Li Shenzhou, Echo of the Times, etc.

Writing characteristics and sentence appreciation;

"Climbing to the Top of the Earth" is a communication, which reports an important event in the history of human mountaineering in a true, accurate and timely manner. In 1960 and 1964, Guo risked his life and overcame difficulties unimaginable to ordinary people. He followed the China mountaineering team to climb the world's highest peaks, Mount Qomolangma and Shishabangma, reaching an altitude of 6,600 meters. After thousands of difficulties and dangers, he wrote a wonderful movement of scientific exploration. "Wen Chuan tames water, loves Everest, and keeps colored pens for half a year; Society is spread all over the world and is a standard mouthpiece. It dedicated its life to Xinhua News Agency. " This is a heavy elegy, which highly accurately summarizes Guo Yisheng's career achievements and moral articles.

The full text * * * designed six scene pictures. Starting with the two most touching images of the assault of the Second Step and Liu Lianman's sacrifice for his teammates, we firmly grasp the vivid words in the text, enter the spiritual world of the characters, and seriously ponder the vividness and image of the language in this article.

First, the image of the use of verbs

In order to highlight the difficulty of climbing the mountain, the article writes: "He put his hands into the crevice of the rock and pedaled on the rock surface with his toes ..." This kind of "insertion" and "pedaling" shows the vertical smooth state of the rock wall, shows the difficulty of attacking the "second step", and thus shows the climber's tenacious climbing will and courage.

Second, the correct use of function words

For example, "... they can't stand on mountain boots with special steel claws." Imagine that special mountain boots can't do anything on steep mountain roads, and the word "wild" strongly reflects the difficulty of climbing.

Another example is written in the article: "After climbing to the top of the second step, they realized that it took them more than five hours to climb the whole second step because of their weakened physical strength ..." The word "talent" shows that all their energy is concentrated on climbing, and the length of time strongly proves the difficulty of climbing.

Another example is: "Their safety means greater happiness and greater victory for him ..." Obviously, in Liu Lianman's mind, which is lighter, the safety of his teammates or his own life, the pointer of the balance has clearly pointed out. Isn't the word "Geng" a true portrayal of his selfless dedication?

Third, the accurate use of quantifiers

Repeatedly savoring the accurate use of quantifiers in the text can also appreciate the vividness and image of the language. For example, "... and it takes three hours to climb the last three meters of rock wall", the author uses exact figures instead of approximate figures here because it can more accurately reflect the strong contrast between distance and time, show and emphasize that this is a very special trip, and also show that climbing the top of the earth is extremely difficult.

For another example, "he put his hands into the cracks in the rock, pedaled on the rock surface with his toes, and rose inch by inch with all his strength." Inch by inch highlights that the climbing speed is extremely slow, the rock wall is extremely steep and slippery, and it is extremely difficult to climb.

Another example is, "Time is running out". Why doesn't the author just say "time has passed"? Combined with the context, it is not difficult to see that this "one minute and one second" is extremely expressive. The climber's limbs began to numb, and his heart beat faster and faster because of lack of oxygen. How difficult it is to be in this situation every minute! Please look at what Guo wrote in his mountaineering diary: "An invisible palm is pressing your chest and holding your throat tightly. You need to open your mouth with great force and breathe in the air you need. Every step is not easy-it's not that your legs are sore or weak, but that your almost numb legs have no strength to move. " At the moment when Liu Lianman's desire for survival is so strong, what a complicated struggle his heart has experienced every minute!

This "minute by minute", this "inch by inch", this "three meters" and "three" are all praises for human beings to explore the mysteries of science, challenge themselves and transcend the limits, which can cause readers to tremble and sublimate their emotions again and again, and people will realize from them that life will be wonderful only if they resolve and transcend difficulties and obstacles with perseverance and dare to climb. Text discussion

First, the overall grasp

1960 In May, the heroic China mountaineer carried forward the revolutionary spirit of "one is not afraid of hardship, and the other is not afraid of death" and successfully climbed to the top from the north slope of Mount Everest, setting a new record in the world mountaineering history. After graduating from journalism department in Peking University, Guo He went to Tibet and worked in journalism under very difficult conditions. At that time, as a reporter interviewed by the mountaineering team, he learned many touching stories directly or indirectly in this mountaineering activity. After climbing successfully, Guo wrote a long newsletter "Red Flag on Mount Everest" at the fastest speed and published it. This passage is taken from this newsletter.

Before studying this text, it is necessary to have a general understanding of some contents related to the text.

1960 On March19, the China mountaineering team stopped at a broad valley under Mount Everest at an altitude of 5 120 meters. This is the base camp of the mountaineering team. There are 2 14 team members and staff members participating in this mountaineering activity. They come from all parts of the motherland and all walks of life. They have the same goal: to climb Mount Everest and win glory for their country. At the base camp, they braved the wind and snow, showing revolutionary optimism. In order to conquer Mount Everest as soon as possible, they raced against time and made a lot of careful preparations.

In order to ensure the success of the summit, the mountaineering team made several adaptive marches. The mountaineering team decided to divide the battle to capture Mount Everest into four "battles", and worked out the climbing heights of 6,400 meters, 7,600 meters and 8,300 meters respectively, and then returned to the base camp, and finally launched a plan to attack the summit from 8,300 meters. On the evening of March 27th, the climbers completed their first "battle" and returned to the base camp safely. On the 28th, another group of climbers set out and started the second "battle". This time, the difficulty is obviously higher than the first stage, and the ice avalanche may appear at any time. The climbers haven't eaten or drunk water for more than ten hours, but they have just opened the road to Obei. On April 1 1, captain Shi Zhanchun led the team members along the road opened by vice captain Xu Jing, and finally rose to the height of 7300 meters, made necessary reconnaissance, determined the preliminary plan for the third March, and reached the marching route of more than 8,000 meters. On the 29th, the mountaineering team began the third battle to conquer the height. On the March, some people fainted because of lack of oxygen, but the difficulties did not scare them. After two days of struggle, they finally reached 7 600 meters safely, which was a new height in the mountaineering history of China at that time. On may 2, the mountaineering team began to conquer the "dead zone" at an altitude of more than 8000 meters. The next night, they overcame the "second step" that was considered invincible, climbed to the height of 8600 meters, returned to the base camp safely, and successfully "exceeded" the third adaptive marching mission.

On the morning of May 24, the general attack on the summit finally started, and four selected players started their Everest sprint from the height of 8500 meters. This is where the text excerpt begins.

Grasp this text as a whole and pay attention to the following aspects.

From the text alone, it seems to be only the mountaineering story of these four people, but from the perspective of the whole communication, the final victory of the three players is the result of unity and cooperation and the struggle of * * *, which is the victory of collectivism. Without a lot of preliminary work by more than 200 players and service personnel, and several collective adaptive marches, these three players would never have reached the top. (Of course, it must be emphasized that several top players are the best among all the players. Compared with other exploration activities, the spirit of collective cooperation in mountaineering is particularly important. For the success of teammates, we should have the courage to sacrifice our lives. Liu Lianman is such a prominent example.

In the process of reaching the summit, we should pay attention to the three difficulties described by the author: cold, night and lack of oxygen. And all three pose a great threat to life. The author shows these difficulties everywhere in his writing, which is a severe test for the players. It is in the face of such a test that the team members' strong will and fearless spirit have been fully reflected. Therefore, students are required to read the text silently in teaching and sum up what the mountaineering heroes rely on to overcome the above difficulties (by will, perseverance, unity and cooperation and sacrifice).

The author narrates the events in detail and chooses the most typical events to express the mental outlook of the characters. For example, the key point is to overcome the "second step." This "step" is considered insurmountable by foreign explorers. The famous British mountaineers Mallory and Owen disappeared in this area from 65438 to 0924. It also focuses on the story that Comrade Liu Lianman would rather sacrifice himself than leave oxygen to his comrades. From this man's behavior, we can see the excellent qualities of all climbers, and we can also infer that such a team is invincible.

Second, the problem research

There are many sentences describing the natural environment in the text. What role do they play in the article?

In this paper, the author not only tries to render the harsh natural environment, but also depicts the beautiful scenery of Mount Everest with his free pen from time to time. For example, "the sun is shining, the top of the pointed cone of Mount Everest stands above the blue sky, and white clouds haunt the mountains." "The night is thick, and the mountains of Mount Everest are hazy. Only the peak still shows a faint outline. " "The night is deeper, the mountains and mountains are dark, and only a little starlight shines in the air." Wait a minute. These descriptions make readers feel immersive, and after reading them nervously, they can relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery of Mount Everest. This can be called a kind of relaxation in reading effect, giving people beautiful enjoyment.

Practice note

Read the text first and summarize the process of several climbers attacking the main peak.

The purpose of setting questions is to train students' generalization ability. Pay attention to let the students summarize as concisely as possible.

Reference answer:

After full preparation, at 9 am on May 24th, four climbers, Wang Fuzhou, Liu Lianman, Qu and Kampot, launched an attack on the last 380m of Mount Everest. They trudged forward. After more than two hours, the famous "second step" blocked their way. Along the route of the third March reconnaissance, they braved the cold and took more than five hours to climb the "second step" less than 7 meters high by ladder. At this time, the players have to face another opponent-the challenge of the night. They moved forward step by step by the reflection of the snowy night. Because of the long time ahead, there is not much oxygen left on their backs, and now they are seriously threatened by hypoxia. The strongest reaction is Liu Lianman, and every step forward is very difficult. In order to gain time, everyone decided to stay in Liu Lianman, and the other three rushed to the top as quickly as possible. Liu Lianman, suffering from severe hypoxia, rested beside a sheltered rock and began to enter a semi-coma state. At this time, he risked his life and decided to leave his little oxygen to his comrades who climbed the mountain, leaving a touching message. At the same time, three climbers are struggling on their way forward. They crawled on the ground, identified the road by starlight and reflected snow light, and struggled forward. At 8,830 meters, all three people used up their oxygen. They resolutely threw away the empty oxygen bottles on their backs and began a difficult and dangerous anaerobic climb that has never been seen in human history. The difficulty of such a climb can be imagined. Their limbs are heavier and they move more slowly. Sometimes it takes more than half an hour to climb a rock one meter high. But the belief of winning is supporting them. In the early morning, they finally climbed Mount Everest, completing the pioneering work of climbing the world's highest peak from the northern slope in human history.

Second, the following sentences describe the scenery in the text. Pay attention to the evening and try to write a few words.

1.5 On the morning of the 24th, the sun was shining, the top of the sharp cone of Mount Everest stood above the blue sky, and white clouds lingered among the mountains.

2. The night is thick, the mountains of Mount Everest are hazy, and only the summit can be seen vaguely.

The night is deep, the mountains and hills are dark, and only a little starlight shines in the sky. The shadow of Mount Everest began to become very low in front of them.

Looking around, in the dim night, the shadows of Himalayan peaks crawl under their feet. Now, there are only shining stars on the heads of the three of them ...

The purpose of setting the topic is to guide students to pay attention to the essence of writing in the text-to write scenic sentences, to accumulate them, and to learn to imitate and use them.

There is no fixed answer, and students can imitate it in class. Students should be reminded to mobilize their life accumulation, exert their imagination, try to write the characteristics of local night scenes and write the beauty of the night.

Third, exploration needs a strong spirit of collective cooperation and lofty dedication. Take lawrence oates, Liu Lianman and other players as examples, and write an explanation.

The purpose of setting the topic is to study two texts together and strengthen the ideological education for students; At the same time, cultivate students' written expression ability.

Teaching suggestion

1. It is a great event in the world mountaineering history for China people to climb Mount Everest from the north slope. Teachers can arrange students to try to understand some relevant background materials after class in advance, so that the learning of this class is more historical and cultural, and the learning inside and outside the class is linked.

Second, this is a self-reading text. Let students practice retelling the content of the text, pay attention to the details described by the author, and learn to use it in future compositions.

Three, conditional, can play CDs and pictures of snowy plateau, especially the Himalayas and Mount Everest, in order to strengthen the intuitive effect of classroom teaching.

Fourth, use this class to carry out patriotism education and collectivism education. The successful conquest of Mount Everest by China mountaineers shows that the people of China are great and powerful, and there are many high-level explorers with lofty dedication in China. In this way, students are encouraged to explore the mysteries of nature.

related data

I. Introduction to the author

Guo (1934—2000), male, born in Wuxue, Hubei Province, Han nationality, party member of the Communist Party of China, senior journalist, 1956, graduated from Peking University Chinese Department with a major in journalism. He has served as a reporter and vice president of Xinhua News Agency Tibet Branch, Shaanxi Branch and Sichuan Branch, and as secretary general and vice president of Xinhua News Agency. 1992165438+10 became the president of Xinhua News Agency. Member of the 13th, 14th and 15th Central Committee. In the 1950s, he wrote many news reports exposing the darkness of serfdom in Tibet. In the 1960s, he climbed Mount Everest and Mount Xixiabangma with the China mountaineering team. In the 1970s, he wrote Taming Water, praising the great achievements of China people in their struggle with nature. In Shaanxi, he wrote An Investigation of Ankang, exposing the disadvantages of the "Left" line of the Gang of Four in rural areas. Published news works include Rushing to the Top, Ten Years in Tibet, Water Training in Wan Li Shenzhou, Echo of the Times, etc.

Second, the world's highest peak-Mount Everest

Most of the mountains in western China are long and majestic. The Himalayas, located on the border of Xizang Autonomous Region, China, Nepal, India and other countries, stretches for more than 2,400 kilometers with an average elevation of more than 6,000 meters, making it the most majestic mountain range in the world.

In the Himalayas, there are more than 50 peaks above 7000 meters above sea level, and 16 peaks above 8000 meters. The famous peaks are Nanfeng, Xixia Bangma and Gancheng Zhangjia. "Himalaya" means "land of ice and snow" in Tibetan. It is covered with snow and ice all year round, with ice peaks like swords leaning against the sky and glaciers like snake snakes. Mount Qomolangma, located on the border between China and Nepal, is the highest mountain in the world, with a height of 8,848.438+03 meters.

Mount Qomolangma is mountainous and has a unique geographical environment. The lowest temperature all the year round is MINUS 30-40 degrees Celsius. It doesn't snow all the year round in some places on the mountain, and glaciers, ice slopes and ice towers can be seen everywhere. The air at the summit is thin, and the oxygen content in the air is only a quarter of that in the eastern plain, and there are often seven or eight winds blowing. Twelve strong winds are not uncommon. The wind blows snow, and the spray flies and fills the sky. Mount Everest is of great scientific research value and has long attracted people's attention. 1960, China mountaineers and scientists braved difficulties and overcame many difficulties to climb Mount Everest from the north slope for the first time, creating an unprecedented miracle in the world mountaineering history. Since 1960s, scientists in China have made a comprehensive survey of Mount Everest, and obtained rich and valuable information on paleontology, physical geography, alpine climate, modern glaciers and landforms. 1975, China surveyors climbed Mount Everest again with the cooperation of China mountaineering team, accurately measured its height, and drew a detailed map of Mount Everest. All these provide an extremely important scientific basis for China to develop and utilize the natural resources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The Himalayan region where Mount Everest is located used to be an ocean. In the long geological age, a large number of gravels and sediments washed down from the land accumulated in the Himalayan region, forming a marine sedimentary rock layer with a thickness of more than 30 thousand meters. Later, due to the strong orogeny, the Himalayan region was squeezed and lifted violently. According to estimates, it rises by about 20-30 meters every 1 10,000 years, and it is still rising in the Himalayan region until now.

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