What is the history and culture of Baoan from ancient times to the present?

Baoan county, established in the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 331), was named Baoan. In the second year of Tang Suzong Zhide (757), it was renamed Dongguan. Taking Dongguan as the county name began, and it is said that it was named after the abundant aquatic plants (Wancao) in the territory. In 1573 AD, China built and expanded the Dongguan Garrison Thousand Households Base in Wanli of Ming Dynasty, divided Dongguan County into Xin 'an County, and built a county to govern Nantou, covering today's Shenzhen and Hong Kong areas. The economy is dominated by salt, tea, spices and rice. From July, 1842 to April, 1898, the Qing government of China and Britain successively signed the treaty of nanking, the Beijing Treaty and the Special Articles for Expanding the Boundary of Hong Kong, and Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories were ceded and leased to Britain. Primitive civilization as early as the Neolithic Age about five or six thousand to ten thousand years ago, the primitive people in Shenzhen (Baoan) have entered the flourishing stage of matriarchal clan commune. The primitive residents in Shenzhen are thriving and becoming the residents of "Nanyue Department" in "Baiyue". There are rhinoceros, elephant, water deer, macaque, fish turtle, snail, ginkgo, orange, litchi and so on. People lived a primitive economic life of fishing, hunting, gathering and farming. More than 2 Neolithic sites were discovered and excavated in Nanshan and Xixiang, and a large number of fishing and hunting tools used by primitive people, such as stone axe, Shi Mao, stone arrow and net pendant, were unearthed in Xiantouling and xiaomeisha, and painted pottery with waves < P > patterns and other cultural relics with geometric prints were also unearthed. This is the splendid prehistoric culture. Sun-moon-shaped pottery embodying the worship of China sun gods in ancient times was unearthed in Baini Village, Xiacun Township, Yuen Long, Hong Kong, which belonged to Bao 'an County. Cultural remains from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period were unearthed in Tiegang Reservoir site in Xixiang, Shenzhen, and four ancient sites, including Hedishan in Shekou, Dameisha in Yantian and Sungang. In the sand dune in front of Dameisha Village, a 6.8 cm long, 3 cm wide wing, sharp front and collar was collected. This is the first bronze found in Shenzhen. After the third war in which Qin Shihuang pacified Lingnan in the 33rd year (214 BC) in Qin and Han Dynasties, the places where Baiyue ethnic groups lived in concentrated communities were incorporated into the territory of Qin Dynasty, and three counties, namely Nanhai, Guilin and Xiangjun, were set up. At that time, Ren Tao and Wei Tuo led more than 1, soldiers on the ship, and later they all settled in Yue. The Central Plains region was once an apprentice. It promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between Lingnan and the Central Plains. It can be said that this was the first migration tide of Lingnan, so Shenzhen ancestors were also deeply influenced by the Central Plains culture. Baoan County was once a part of Panyu County in Nanhai County. In the past, it was said that "Panyu came before Guangzhou". In May of the eleventh year of Emperor Gaozu, Zhao Tuo was made king of Nanyue, and Baoan was then a Boluo County. Until the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 331), Dongguan County was located in the southeast of Nanhai County. It covers the Dongjiang Delta and

Huichao area. The county of Dongguan County is governed by Nantou City in Baoan County. At that time, Baoan County was governed by Shenzhen (including the whole territory of Baoan County), Dongguan County and all of Hong Kong. According to historical records, Nantou City is the administrative center of Dongguan County, and its political and economic status is extremely important. Baoan was established as a county, and it also belonged to Dongguan County in the sixth year of Jinxianhe (AD 331). There were silver mines in the mountains. At that time, silver sand was a precious raw material for making silver. In the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, Owen Wang wrote "Notes on Weiyi Wufang", saying, "If you keep your treasure, you will be safe, and everyone will be healthy." "Xin 'an County Records" says, "The city is surrounded by mountains and the sea, with more than 2 miles around it, and the mountains are beautiful. Precious treasures gather together. Therefore, the old county was named Bao 'an. "This is the origin of Bao 'an County's name. It shows that Bao 'an County is superior in geographical environment and rich in natural resources. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, after six years of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it passed through the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the tenth year of the Sui Dynasty. (A.D. 59), Dongguan County was abolished and Bao 'an County was changed to Nanhai County. In the second year of Tang Dynasty to Germany (A.D. 757), Bao 'an County was renamed Dongguan County. Its county administration moved from Nantou to Guancheng. At this time, although Shenzhen was no longer a Dongguan county administration, it was transformed from a regional administrative core to a maritime traffic fortress. Jia Dan wrote in the book "Four Yi Shu of County Roads in Ancient and Modern Counties": "The southeast of Guangzhou sailed 2 miles to Tuen Mun Mountain. It was a sail wind, and it went west for two days to Kyushu Stone." Tuen Mun Mountain is now the green mountain (Beidu Mountain) in the New Territories of Hong Kong. As a navigation indicator of the Tang Dynasty, Tuen Mun Mountain. The position is also extremely important. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty states: "(Guangzhou) has two prefectures: Suinan and Panyu. There are strategic troops and soldiers in Tuen Mun town." It is said that this Tuen Mun is the southern head of the county government in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is said that it is Tuen Mun in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Han Yu, the secretariat of Chaozhou in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote the poem "Although the clouds are high, Tuen Mun should be changed into waves." It can be seen that Bao 'an was an important region and coastal defense place in the Tang Dynasty. By the Song Dynasty, Bao 'an was not only an important hub of China's southern sea trade, but also a salt-producing area, and the salt fields were more important in the economic life at that time. The four salt fields of Dongguan, Guide, Huangtian and Guanfu, which belonged to the county, were managed by the Guangdong Salt Division. During the Qingyuan period of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Lantau islanders in Hong Kong had a confrontation with the court over privately-made salt. An event in which Bao 'an was completely slaughtered for treason. During the Song Dynasty, the economy of Bao 'an in the Song Dynasty was developed until the Yuan Dynasty. The pearls produced in the area were very famous and used as tributes. The main production places were Houhai on Nanshan Peninsula and Longqi on Dapeng Peninsula, and Dabuhai near Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong. In the seventh year of Ming Hongwu, (AD 1374), Zhu Yuanzhang strictly ordered tribute to pearls, and Zhan Xu, a magistrate of Dongguan, personally took the sergeant to Tai Po Sea to collect pearls. It lasted for several months. The emperor ordered that mining be exempted in Bao 'an area. Now, at the foot of Qiniang Mountain in Dapeng Bay, a large-scale Dongshan pearl farm has been built in China, which is famous for its high-quality pearls. At the end of the Song Dynasty (AD 1277), the Yuan army went south, and the Yi Wang (that is, Duanzong) and Wei Wang arrived in Jiazimen, Huizhou from Fuzhou. In AD 1278, it was promoted to the hill of Songwangtai in Chung Road, Kowloon Wharf, and then Song Shaodi moved to Yamen, Xinhui. Surrounded by Yuan soldiers, Xiangxing defeated the cliff mountain on the sixth day of February, and Lu Xiufu died in the Song Dynasty. Later, it was rumored that the emperor's skeleton drifted in the sea and the islands were covered, so Yimin buried Song Shaodi in Chiwan, Shenzhen. Now, the Song Shaodi Mausoleum in Xiachiwan, Taizishan, Nanshan District has been renovated, and the large-scale "Inscription of Song Shaodi Mausoleum" and "Hidden Dragon in Cliff Sea and Emperor Yan in Chiwan" have been erected. After the defeat, he was captured and escorted to Lingdingyang outside the Pearl River Estuary in Shenzhen to watch the battle. Seeing the defeat of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was deeply moved, and wrote a famous sentence, "Who has never died in life since ancient times, leaving a heart to shine on the history". In memory of Wen Tianxiang, the people of Baoan built the "Temple of Believing in the Country and Official Documents" in Nantou City. According to "Guangzhou Official Records", "Wenshan Temple shows Ning Street in the city. Wen Tianxiang's gilded statue was placed. Wen Bi, Wen Tianxiang's younger brother, was on the list with Wenshan. In the Song Dynasty, he was awarded the position of assistant minister of the Ministry of Housing and general manager of Guangdong and Huizhou. "In Jingyan, the Prime Minister's younger brother Bi kept Huizhou, and the soldiers arrived, and Bi fell to the city." Wen Bi went to Beijing to see Wen Tianxiang, intending to "share the difficulties with his brother". Wenshan said that he was loyal and filial, and asked his younger brother's foster mother to caress him, so his younger brother and his family went to Dongguan for three times. Another argument is that Wen Yinglin, a nephew of Wen Tianxiang, was ashamed to drop the Yuan Dynasty "and fled to Dongzhu, Dongguan, where he was at home". Now, Wen's descendants live in Songgang, Baoan District, Gangxia, Futian District, Xintian, New Territories, Hong Kong and Yungong, Dongguan and other places, "the descendants are prolific, and the world is prosperous", and there are more than 1, people in the Wen clan. Attachment: Crossing the Zero Ding Yang- The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and the life experience is ups and downs. Fear beachhead says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean. Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart to shine on history. The Ming Dynasty was an important period in the history of Shenzhen. In the 27th year of Ming Hongwu (AD 1394), Baoan established a defensive organization to defend thousands of households in Dongguan and Dapeng. Later, Nantouzhai was established, which was "the guardian outside Humen, the screen vassal of the provincial capital" and became a huge military organization, governing the six floods, with the containment range reaching Chaoshan in the east and Xiachuan Island in the west. This is an important period in Baoan's military development. In the fifth year of Qin Long (A.D. 1571), the army and the people of Dapeng New Town held a stalemate with the enemy for more than 4 days, and finally won. During this period, the first anti-European colonial aggression took place in Baoan, Shenzhen. In A.D. 1517, Portuguese colonists gained overseas hegemony. Pirate plunder was carried out. Wang Jinhong, deputy envoy of Guangdong Sea Road, led the army and the villagers in Nantou to fight against the Portuguese invaders. As early as the sixth year of Zhengde (AD 1511), the Portuguese Far East armed fleet broke into Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, and forcibly landed in Tuen Mun, Hong Kong. It is recorded in history that "Fanyi Folang fleet invaded and occupied Tuen Mun Island and Hai' ao Sea Road in Dongguan County". In the sixteenth year of Zhengde (AD 1521), Wang Jinhong personally braved the wind. The Portuguese invaders were expelled from the sea, which protected the territorial integrity of Shenzhen and China. The European expeditionary fleet came from the east, and the western culture spread eastward. The Japanese pirates invaded and harassed the people, and the life of Dongguan County was difficult. The villagers in Nantou, Baoan, Shenzhen requested the Guangdong Governor, and the court set up Xin 'an County in the first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1573), which meant "turning the tide and turning the corner." Establish Xin 'an County Governance (the site of Xin 'an County Governance is now the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shenzhen). When Xin 'an County was first established, the area included the present Shenzhen Special Zone and Hong Kong area, with a population of 33,971. Economically, it mainly produced salt, tea, spices and rice. After the county was established, the poor from other places also came to develop it, which promoted the development of Shenzhen. However, due to the corruption of political affairs and the lack of military equipment, it was still often subjected to pirates and western colonialists. In order to prevent Zheng Chenggong and adherents of Ming Dynasty from carrying out anti-Qing activities along the coast and being harassed by pirates, the Qing government carried out a large-scale "moving to the border" in the first year of Kangxi (A.D. 1662), and the coastal counties moved 5 miles inland. Because nearly two-thirds of Xin 'an County was included in the moving boundary, it was once merged into Dongguan County. At the time of moving to the border, the people's flesh and blood were scattered and scattered. It was not until the 23rd year of Kangxi (A.D. 1684) that the territory of Xin 'an County was fully re-bordered. Most of the indigenous people moved to other places to live. In the Qing Dynasty, a large number of Lingnan Hakkas emigrated, making Xin 'an County a place where Hakka people lived in compact communities. Up to now, Shenzhen is still a place where Hakka residents mainly work and live. In the 16th year of Kangxi (A.D. 1717), Lynn Yang, governor of Guangdong Province, resisted foreign aggression. Defending public order, we built 126 military facilities such as forts, city walls, flood control areas, etc. in dangerous coastal passes. Xin 'an County built six forts, namely Jiulongzhai, Lantau Island, Nantouzhai, Chiwan Left and Right, which formed the early coastal defense of the Pearl River. After many reclamation in the 23rd year of Jiaqing (AD 1818), the residents of Xin 'an County have reached 225,979. Lin Zexu, an imperial envoy, destroyed 2.37 million Jin of opium from foreign smokers in Humen, and Guan Tianpei, the navy commander, mobilized the people, trained bravely, defended the Pearl River Estuary, and actively prepared for resisting foreign aggression. In the Draft of Minister Lin Wenzhong's Cantonese Play, Lin Zexu described the situation in Kowloon, Chiwan and Humen in detail. The fort around Chiwan in Shekou was of practical significance. In the 19th year of Daoguang (. A group of British sailors committed a crime in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, killing local resident Lin Weixi. After Lin Zexu refused to pay the murderer, in order to defend the national sovereignty, the navy commander Sir Ryan was stationed in Kowloon Bay. After that, the two sides fought fiercely for 1 hours near Kowloon Mountain. We sank the British double-masted giant ship and a sampan, killed 17 British invaders and burned many British merchant opium ships. In the 22nd year of Qing Daoguang (AD 188) Treaty of nanking, an unequal treaty between China and Britain, made Hong Kong Island in Xin 'an County occupied by Britain. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (AD 186), Kowloon Peninsula in Xin 'an County was also ceded to Britain because of the Beijing Treaty. In the 24th year of Guangxu (AD 1898), the Qing government discussed with Britain the Special Article on Expanding the Boundary of Hong Kong and leased the present New Territories to Britain for 99 years. Among them, 1,55.61 square kilometers were occupied by Britain. In 19, Dr. Sun Yat-sen moved in Hong Kong and Guangzhou to overthrow the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty. In April, Zheng Shiliang and Liao Yukun and others entered the Yi Tian Hop Shop in Sanzhou, Dapeng Yantian, Baoan, as an uprising base. On October 6 of the same year, the rebel army sacrificed a flag in Sanmaguan, Sanzhou, swore an uprising, and put forward: "Sword rises to destroy the Huns." With the slogan "Return to China today", the rebel army attacked Shawan, directed at Shenzhen, and marched on Fozi 'ao in Huiyang. Later, due to the heavy encirclement of the Qing army, the uprising failed, which was called "the boxer's first righteousness". After the Revolution of 1911, the Qing Dynasty was overthrown. In order to avoid confusion with Xin 'an County in Luoyang City, Henan Province, it was renamed Baoan County in the third year of the Republic of China (AD 1914), and the county administration was also in Nantou City. In 1938. The south end of Baoan County fell. The Baoan county government moved to Shima, Dongguan County. In October 1938, Ye Ting, commander of Dongjiang guerrilla, led a team back to Shenzhen Xuhongxing Inn to establish Dongjiang guerrilla headquarters to publicize and organize people to resist Japan. On October 24 of the same year, Zeng Sheng organized sailors, westernization workers, overseas Chinese youths, students and local farmers who came back from Nanyang and Hong Kong to set up Huibao People's Guerrilla in Pingshan, Baoan County. The Huiyang County Working Committee was established, with Zeng Sheng as the secretary, and Huang Hua (Huang Guowei) was sent to Dapeng area to develop party organizations. Later, comrades Huang Wen, Chen Pei and Huang Ye established the first party group in Dapeng area. Later, Zeng Sheng led the Dongjiang guerrillas to defeat the Japanese in Kwai Chung and Shayuyong. In December 1941, the Pacific War broke out. Kowloon and Hong Kong fell one after another. The Dongjiang guerrilla organization rescued Zou Taofen, Mao Dun, Hu Sheng, Yu Ling, Song Zhi, Ge Baoquan and other scholars, celebrities and international friends who stayed in Hong Kong. Later, the Dongjiang column was active in Hui, Dong, Bao and Bo areas. At the end of 1943, the Dongjiang column was formally established, and under the leadership of Commander Zeng Sheng, it launched a large-scale guerrilla war against Japan. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, in 1946, Take an American warship and withdraw from Yantai, Shandong Province in the north. Baoan was liberated on October 16, 1949 in the history of modern development. Later, because Shenzhen Wei was close to the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway, with convenient transportation, a large population and developed industry and commerce, it moved the county from the south to Shenzhen Wei. In 1969, Shenzhen, as the county governor of Baoan County, was the economic and transportation center of the mainland and Hong Kong. In January 1979, the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee issued a document to abolish Baoan County and establish Shenzhen City.

In March of 1997, the State Council approved the change of Baoan County into Shenzhen City, and in August of 198, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) approved the designation of 327.5 square kilometers as a pilot special economic zone in Shenzhen City. Since then, this area of more than 3 square kilometers has borne the heavy responsibility of a national transformation. Today, it seems that it is common sense to open up, engage in investment promotion, engage in private economy and engage in capital operation, but in