Ask the heroes who have studied Shang Guanyunzhu's experience.

At the end of 2006, Shang Guanyunzhu's son, Wei Ran, published an article entitled "My Mother Shang Guanyunzhu: The Past Is Like Smoke" in Sanlian Life Weekly. With some photos, I posted them as follows:

Shang Guanyunzhu, this is a name that once shined in the film history of China. Many of her roles have become eternal classics engraved in the hearts of a generation of China people. But who knows, behind these dazzling auras are endless bitter vicissitudes?

1978, Shanghai Film Studio rehabilitated Shang Guanyunzhu. Ironically, such a famous star in Shanghai didn't even have a photo at the rehabilitation meeting, or the film studio used the small photos in her file to remake and enlarge it again and again.

Compared with the sad roles she played on the screen, Shang Guanyunzhu's real life story is intertwined with the intricate relationship between big history and human nature, which makes people feel sad and sad.

Wei Ran, who is low-key and peaceful, is officially the editor of China Building Industry Press, who is in charge of Shanghai business, but is often introduced by elders familiar with the film industry and participates in many commemorative activities in the film industry. Recalling the beautiful mother and sister, the past events that often make Wei Ran's eyes red have filtered out the initial great pain and turned into light and lasting sadness.

Shang Guanyunzhu (1920 ——1968)

Oral ◎ Wei Ran reporter ◎ Jing Li

Mother died.

One day in February, 1968, I suddenly received a letter from my sister asking me to go back to Shanghai at once. That year, I was only 17 years old, and I just left Beijing to jump the queue in rural Shanxi for less than a month. I got on the train with trepidation. I don't know what happened to my broken home.

All the way to Shanghai, I was greeted by such a bad news:165438+1In the early morning of October 22nd, my mother committed suicide by jumping off a building.

1966, my mother, who is attending the "four clean-ups" in rural Jiangxi, got breast cancer and went back to Shanghai to have it removed. The operation was a success and her body recovered quickly. At this time, "stage sisters" has been characterized as "a negative textbook to beautify the black line of literature and art in the 1930s" and has been criticized. Xie Jin, the mother and director, and Yuan Xuefen, the prototype of the film heroine Zhu Chunhua. Are involved. Fortunately, a doctor intervened at that time, so she was left in the hospital and did not get involved in that sinister political wave too early.

But two months later, my mother suddenly fainted again. The results showed that the diseased tissue had metastasized to the brain. Then she had another major operation. After waking up from a coma for more than ten hours, she hardly knew anyone. It was not until a month later that my mother wrote me the first letter and told me that she had recognized 300 words.

At this time, the situation outside became more sinister. Her "stage sisters" and "Early Spring February" became two "poisonous weeds" in the literary and art circles, and her mother was limping out of the hospital. Her home at Gao 'an intersection of Jianguo West Road is nothing like home. On the walls of the first to fourth floors of the corridor, her mother's name is scattered with red crosses. The door of room 29 was also smashed like a honeycomb, covered with black holes from top to bottom.

The next two years will be dark years for my mother. Shortly after leaving the hospital, she was forced to work in a film factory. The so-called "work" actually refers to reporting to the cowshed every day. At that time, her health was far from being restored. There, I study, work, explain and criticize.

In the early 1950s, my mother, together with other literary and art figures, was received by Mao Zedong for many times, which once saved her from the fate of the "Rightists", but when the Cultural Revolution came, it became one of her biggest crimes. The day before the accident,1968165438+1October 22nd, my mother was summoned again. Two outsiders and the rebels in the factory took turns to force her to admit that she had joined the secret service organization, and used Chairman Mao to meet her to engage in conspiracy. Mother refused to admit it, so they took off their shoes and hit her in the face with the soles of their shoes ... When they returned to the "bullpen", their mother's face was swollen, her mouth was bleeding, her eyes were glazed, and her body kept shaking. Aunt Huang Zongying and Wang, who were both kept in the "bullpen", saw that she was beaten like this and immediately brought hot water to comfort her, but her mother kept silent and just kept shaking.

When I came home that night, the rebels ordered my mother to write a confession. Maybe she is really afraid of another kind of humiliation and pain. At the darkest moment before dawn, she jumped from a four-story window ... Her mother's body fell heavily in the big basket of a small vegetable market downstairs. When this fashionable and conscious mother told the people around her the house number-maybe at that moment, she still had an instinctive desire to survive, but when someone found a yellow croaker to drive her to the hospital, it was hopeless. Later, someone told me that I was not so surprised to hear that people in the vegetable market just washed the blood off the leaves with rubber hoses and continued to sell them to people who came to buy food. In that era of material scarcity, such a move was not so difficult to understand; What's more, people at that time seemed to be used to all kinds of abnormal deaths.

In the years since my mother died, I have thought about this cruel scene countless times. I believe that the moment my mother jumped down, her heart must be full of biting despair. At that time, she didn't know the whereabouts of me and my brother. My revolutionary sister went to Shanghai Film Factory to post posters for her. The man around her didn't shelter her from the wind and rain. In my opinion, many people committed suicide during the Cultural Revolution, not only because of external humiliation, career interruption or bleak future, but also because of the indifference and misfortune of their families. Mother's heart lost a little warmth and light. What can she choose but death?

That year, my mother was only 48 years old.

The birth of stars

Shanghai is the place where my mother ended her life and where her career began and changed her life.

1920, my mother was born in Changjing Town, Jiangyin, Jiangsu. She is the fifth child in the family. Her original name is Wei Junti, also known as Wei Yajun. One of my uncle's classmates is Zhang Dayan, the son of a rich gentleman in the same town. He studied western painting in Shanghai Art Institute, and worked as an art teacher in Suzhou after graduation, where his mother also went to school. Zhang Dayan always likes her classmates and sisters who are 9 years younger than herself and takes good care of them. Soon, her mother became pregnant and they had to get married. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, my mother gave birth to my younger brother, so she interrupted her studies and went back to her hometown to be the daughter-in-law of a rich family. I also have a picture of my mother swimming in the river in her hometown in a bathing suit and Zhang Dayan. It can be seen that my mother is indeed a leader in the local area.

1937 When the Anti-Japanese War broke out, their hometown was bombed, one of my menstruation was killed, and my mother fled to Shanghai with the Zhang family. My mother has just arrived in Shanghai, and makes a living as a billing girl in the photo studio next to the Paris Grand Theatre (now Huaihai Cinema). My mother is a southern woman, smart and generous. He, the manager of He Studio, values her very much. He bought fashionable clothes for his mother from Joffre Street, took many photos of her and put them in the window as signs.

He used to be a photographer of a star film company and had close contacts with people in the Shanghai film industry. At that time, Zhang Shankun, the boss of the film company, and Tong Yuejuan, an actress who was a smash hit, had a conflict because of their pay. Boss Zhang deliberately wants to support her mother, and is going to let her take the place of Tong Yuejuan in Kiss from the Tiger. Director Wancang Bu thought the name "Wei Junti" was too awkward, so he took the stage name "Shang Guanyunzhu". Although boss Zhang and Tong Yuejuan soon got back together and her mother was replaced, it also became the starting point for her to enter the Shanghai entertainment circle.

My mother and Zhang Dayan, who are opposed to acting, are increasingly divided. My aunt is an intellectual woman and has never been married. Always encouraged her to be independent and go her own way. 1940, mother divorced, and Zhang Dayan went back to her hometown with her brother.

The following year, my mother filmed her first film, Rose Falls. This year, she made many popular literary films at that time, such as "Talented Persons and Beautiful Women" and "Mandarin Duck and Butterfly School", and began to make her mark in the film industry.

From 65438 to 0942, my mother joined Tianfeng Drama Club, where she met Yao Ke and became her second husband.

Yao Ke, a native of Suzhou, graduated from Yale University in his early years. He was a gifted scholar who was active in Shanghai literary world in 1930s. After returning to China, he had close contacts with Lu Xun. After Lu Xun's death, Yao Ke was one of the coffin bearers of 10. Because of his foreign-related behavior, he was once called a "foreign market villain". He was wronged when he knew. Once, Huang Zongjiang comforted him and said, "Mr Yao, where are you? You are a foreign market villain! " Yao Ke later became keen on drama. 194 1 wrote "Qing palace resentment", which attracted many famous actors to join. Although his mother only played a maid-in-waiting with few lines in the play, she somehow attracted Yao Ke, who is far more famous than her mother. 1In August of 944, my mother gave birth to my sister Yaoyao.

At this time, the mother is already a "big star" in everyone's eyes. When her career was smooth sailing, her love life was once again in crisis-this time the problem appeared on Yao Ke. When Yao Ke's mother was traveling in Tianjin, Jinan and Qingdao, he fell in love with a rich girl in Shanghai. When her mother heard the news, she immediately decided to divorce Yao Ke. Sister Yaoyao, who is under two years old, followed her mother.

After Yao Ke left her, her mother had sex with Blue Horse. Blue horse is a good actor and a good man, but everyone thinks they are not suitable. Blue horse is a typical Beijinger, who is rough, and finally they broke up.

Many people think that the mother's acting skills are really perfect, or those movies made in the late 1940s, such as One River Flows East, Two Roads, Thousands of Lights, Crow and Sparrow, etc. Later, it became a classic of China movies. Mother created different images in these films, which also made her position in the film industry more stable.

I don't know much about my mother's previous position in the film industry. It was not until these years that I saw countless audiences still remembering and praising her that I gradually realized what a great artist my mother was. Objectively speaking, my mother has no special advantage in entering this circle, but she is very smart. She will also make use of some relationships, such as the combination with Yao Ke, the combination with Blue Horse, and even the combination with my father later, which will help her acting career. But these relationships alone are not enough. Director Shen Fu once told me that there was a scene that my mother arranged "Red Flag Song". She stood alone on the stage and had a long monologue. Actually, my mother is very short, only 1.5 meters. But Shen Fu said that your mother can hold down the stage as soon as she takes the stage, but other actors don't feel this way as soon as they take the stage, and it's useless to be tall. There are also many actresses who have been wiped out. They got various opportunities, but they didn't last.

Mother's education level is not high, but her perception and creativity are strong. She is also good at dealing with all kinds of relationships in the film industry. Later, someone wanted to shoot mom's TV series. A good friend in my circle advised me to give up the idea. He said that personal biographies are the most difficult to shoot, because the relationship between literary and art circles is complex, and many people are always involved in making TV dramas. What kind of faces do they appear in? Once they don't agree, some relatives will come out to entangle. I gave this opinion back to the person who planned to shoot the play in Shanghai. As a result, they replied: we have investigated, and your mother has no enemies. She can get rid of that complicated interpersonal relationship, write about her artistic attainments and write about her life track. I think mom's success is also related to this. The filmmakers who made up my mother's generation are very complicated, some from Kuomintang-controlled areas, some from Yan 'an and some from enemy-occupied areas. After liberation, these people were divided into three categories, but she handled several aspects well. I think she can handle such a complicated relationship. Although she has the wisdom of survival learned from making a living, it is more out of nature.

Glory and bitterness

195 1 year, my father, Cheng, married her mother in Lan Xin Opera and became her third husband.

My father was born in a wealthy family, graduated from yenching university, was a classmate of Huang Zongjiang and Sun Daolin, and was also an active member in the school literature stage. 1937 After the July 7th Incident, the Japanese went to yenching university to detain Si Tuleideng and others and arrested a group of progressive students, including my father. In fact, my father is not "progressive" because the truly "progressive" students have already gone to Xishan. At best, he is an "activist". My father was kept in the basement of the seaside red building for more than a month and was rescued under the mediation of relatives and friends.

After graduation, my father worked as the president's English secretary in China Bank with a high salary. He supported his friend's drama activities with his salary. He formed the North-South Drama Club, with himself as the chairman. Li Ding, Huang Zongjiang, Yuping Wei, Sun Daolin, Yu Shizhi and Huang Zongying are all members of the Drama Club. Yu Shizhi later played his drought-striken fields in the drama Thunderstorm, with a scene of jumping out of a window. According to his father, Yu Shizhi ran to his grandfather's house near dengshikou and danced on the windowsill.

1946, my father married Huang Zongying. Soon Huang Zongying met Zhao Dan while filming in Shanghai and asked his father for a divorce. My father was not willing to end up like this and rushed to Shanghai from Beijing. My father's pursuit of Shanghai didn't save the marriage, but he stayed in Shanghai and later became the manager of Lan Xin Grand Theatre.

After my father divorced Huang Zongying, their friendship was not affected. After they got married, my parents also kept normal contacts with Zhao Dan and Huang Zongying.

When I was a child, I was in the nursery of Shanghai Film Art Troupe, and I was in foster care with Huang Zongying's son and Zhou Xuan's son. Sometimes Zhao Dan's nanny will take me to their home, and my father will pick me up after work. Everything is natural, and the relationship is not in this circle. It seems that it is not easy to understand.

In the 1960s, my mother came to Beijing for a meeting, and my grandfather took me to the hotel to wait for them. The actors are all sitting in the hall. Some people say that this is Cheng's father and his daughter-in-law. Everyone joked: "There is also a daughter-in-law!" Huang Zongying stood up and bowed to my grandfather, and everyone laughed. At that time, the film circle was not as fragmented as it was later. 1950, my parents got married and went to Beijing to visit my grandparents. It happened that Sun Weishi married Jinshan, my mother took my sister and Jiang Qing took Li Ne to their wedding.

1952, the whole country launched the "three evils" movement, exposing his father's embezzlement of money from Lanxin Theatre. My father is usually a careless person. He thinks the amount is not much, and admits that he can make up the money and get out of trouble as soon as possible. So my mother took out 800 yuan and two rings from home and sent them to the theater as "stolen money" to show her restitution. Father is obviously naive. Although it was later proved to be a false accusation, in this way, he was completely labeled as a "corrupt criminal".

At that time, my mother was trying to transform herself from a star in old Shanghai into a literary and art worker in new China, collecting money for the disaster area and performing for the army. She took an active part in every time, even overworked and got lung disease. At this moment, she could not tolerate her father's "mistakes" and resolutely filed for divorce.

Many parents' old friends talked about this matter and thought that only father Cheng and mother were the most suitable. When the mother wants to divorce her father, the friends around her organize and take turns to persuade. My mother changed her mind, but my father became a gentleman and resolutely disagreed. The marriage lasted less than two years and ended in failure. I was only a little over 1 years old when they divorced.

Soon, my mother and film director He Lu had their last relationship. He Lu has had a crush on his mother for a long time. When his parents had a good relationship, he rented a room in our house and invited a dinner party at my house at noon. When there were cracks in his parents, he appeared in his mother's life at the right time. He Lu's methodical work may make up for his father's careless character shortcomings to some extent.

But they are not married. This is a feeling of no blessing, and my mother soon regretted it, but at that time, it was already in the 1950 s, and the organization did not allow her to have more ups and downs.

For many years, mother and He Lu spent their own money. Usually, He Lu will pay his mother "meals". In a sense, he stayed in this house as a "diner", and he was out of place with his friends around his mother. As far as I can remember, they never seem to appear on the same occasion at the same time, and I have no memory of them eating and shopping together. According to my understanding, I always think that He Lu is a person who lives in the shadow. For so many years, he admired his mother, but soon after being with her, her mother lost the status and glory she once looked up to. The aura of the past didn't shine on him for long, but it was a disaster for him. He found cancer in a physical examination and died a week later.

Joy and sadness

When my parents divorced, I was only 1 year old and awarded it to my father. Soon, my father also got married. My father's third wife is Yanwu, a famous woman in Shanghai's upper class. She used to be the famous "Ling Hua A Jiu". Before liberation, she helped Pan Hannian to do underground work in Shanghai. In the TV series Pan Hannian, there is also a role that is her real name. After liberation, under the personal arrangement of Pan Hannian, he became a cadre of the Cultural Bureau.

As a matter of fact, my father's problems at the Lan Xin Theatre have been clarified, and he is about to re-enter the literary and art circles. However, in 1955, Yanwu was thrown into Tilanqiao prison because of the Pan Hannian incident, and his property was confiscated. Someone came to the door to persuade her father to draw a line with her. Although her father had been married to her for less than a year, everyone who would work for her father scolded her back. In this way, the "self-destructive" father also completely ruined his political future. He later worked as a film deliveryman and usher in the cinema. How many people who have seen him know that this impoverished old man translated for the United States when he cooperated with China?

My father and his wife are not happy, because it is hard for the Cheng family in Beijing to accept that my father married such a "La Traviata" figure. My father later developed Alzheimer's disease. After a relaxed political atmosphere, Yanwu gradually warmed up with her old "sister" and did not take good care of her father. At the age of 77, my father died in Shanghai.

Because of my father's remarriage, I was sent back to my grandparents' home in Beijing when I was 4 years old. I am the eldest grandson of the Cheng family. Grandpa, grandma and uncles are all very kind to me, but I have never enjoyed the happiness spoiled by my parents. In my opinion, even parents' scolding is a desirable communication with parents. Unfortunately, I never had it all. I have a very good language ability since I was a child, and I failed the Chinese exam from primary school to junior high school, because the title of that composition was "My Family". Other children will naturally write about the happy life with their parents, but I won't write about it because I haven't experienced it.

Although my mother doesn't live with me, I can feel her feelings for me. 1962, she came to Beijing to shoot "Early Spring in February", and stayed in the guest house of Baita Temple Film Bureau with several creative staff such as Sun Daolin, Xie Fang and Xie Tieli. My mother took me to the crew and used every opportunity to increase communication between mother and son. Later, Zhao Dan also came to the crew. On weekends, they go shopping in Wangfujing. Many people look at them, and wherever they go, everyone follows them. Sun Daolin came and took a bus to Houhai. The passengers were watching. I was a teenager at that time, and I was more or less exclusive. Although they got on the bus together, they sat in the front, and I stood in the distance, pretending not to know them. To this end, Sun Daolin also "protested" to his mother, saying that I didn't want to be with them.

Looking back now, when my mother was in her forties, she probably thought about her future, hoping that I would stay with her, and her mother's maternal love for me became more and more obvious. /kloc-When I was 0/0 years old, I went back to Shanghai. I live at my mother's house from Monday to Saturday and go to my father's house on Sunday. During that time, the maternal love I didn't get as a child was compensated a little: after taking a bath in summer, she held me and sat on the balcony to tell me stories, or took my sister and me for a walk nearby.

My mother wrote me several letters off and on. She likes to use green ink and slightly inclined fonts. Unfortunately, these letters and my mother's photos were later burned during the Cultural Revolution. In recent years, I have collected pictures of my mother from my former friends intermittently. After my father died, when I was sorting out his belongings, I also saw the words left by my mother on the desk calendar. For me, this is my mother's last memorial.

Although my sister Yaoyao and I are half brothers, we have a very good relationship. My father regards my sister as his own, too. Even after the divorce, my sister often comes to the Cheng family to find "dad". Although my sister stays with her mother, she is lonely at home. My mother is very strict with her and has a bad relationship with her stepfather, so I especially like my brother, who is seven years younger than her. 1955, I'm going back to Beijing to live with my grandparents. Before I left, my sister specially took me to the photo studio for a group photo. I never laugh when I take pictures, but my sister tickles me. This photo with an unnatural expression has become an eternal memory between our brother and sister. One summer vacation, I returned to Shanghai. After getting off the train, I went to my father's house first. I'm taking a bath. My sister rushed over excitedly and rushed into the bathroom desperately to hug me, making herself covered in water. Her joy is beyond words.

My sister studied piano before she came to Shanghai Conservatory of Music to learn vocal music from Zhou Xiaoyan. The year my mother committed suicide, she graduated a year later. When I met her on campus, her first reaction was that she was very happy and dragged me to the piano room. The piano room is a two-story building in the corner of the school. When I entered the piano room, she closed the door, hugged me and cried, saying, mom is gone.

Mother's funeral was arranged by her sister and Yan Kai. Yan Kai is my sister's boyfriend. He is in the folk music department of Shanghai Conservatory of Music. He comes from a family in Gao Qian, and his father is a leader of East China Bureau. Yan Kai is very tall and likes to wear a black coat. She is the prince charming in the eyes of female students. He fell in love with his sister at school, and no one saw him. Yan Kai is very happy and can take a walk on campus with her sister in her arms. In the evening, they live in the school piano room.

Yan Kai was also a radical in school, and he was at odds with Yu Huiyong's rebels. Later, the "Central Cultural Revolution Group" chose Yu Huiyong, and Yan Kai suddenly became the opposite. 1On March 8th, 970, Yan Kai cut the arteries on his wrist and ankle with a razor in his room, ending his life at the age of 24. My sister once again faced the abnormal death of another relative.

A year later, my sister slowly came out of the shadow of Yan Kai's death. At this time, she met a father and son who often went to her father's house. My son looks a bit like Yan Kai. Although younger than my sister 10 years old, I also read a lot of books, which is very popular with girls. His biological mother went to America in her early years, but she kept in touch with him. My sister tried to get in touch with her biological father Yao Ke through this channel.

1in the winter of 972, my sister was found to be pregnant for more than 7 months when she graduated from the physical examination, and disappeared from Shanghai the next day-I later learned that on the second day of the physical examination, she and her husband drove to Guangzhou and wanted to take a ride to Shenzhen to sneak out of the country. However, the sister of the giant panda Kai was captured by the border guards, waited at the hotel and was brought back by the school because she did not defect and was pregnant. 197365438+1October 17, my sister gave birth to a boy, who was quickly adopted by the doctors and couples in this hospital.

Shanghai Conservatory of Music originally planned to assign my sister to the choir of Shanghai Orchestra. After the accident, the school canceled the original plan and decided to separate her from Shanghai and go to Huangshan Farm. But my sister refused to leave Shanghai on the grounds of poor health. The school later asked her to go to Hunan, but she refused. In this way, the original college graduates gave back the living expenses, and then they stopped paying them. Her life is near despair, and she has to make a living by selling some old clothes of her mother. I already work, and sometimes I give her some money. She is just killing time hopelessly.

My sister's behavior was undoubtedly "shocking" at that time. I think it may come from the blood-there is a mother, and there is a restlessness like Yao Ke. 1974, my 30-year-old sister was still floating like this. She lost her mother, her boyfriend, and her children, and became an alien in the eyes of everyone. So, she thought of going abroad, found Yao Ke again, and began to learn English from scratch. I remember one day, my sister seemed to casually mention the opening of the giant panda. I realized that he had come out and was still looking for a way to go abroad. I said to my sister, you'd better not meet again. My sister didn't say anything, and she won't say it again.

Later, the Conservatory of Music gave my sister an ultimatum: if no unit is willing to accept her within two months, it will force her to go to Gansu or Qinghai. Before that, a relative and friend of my mother helped me finally arrange my sister to the Zhejiang Song and Dance Troupe. People around you are sincerely happy for her and feel that her life for so many years is finally on the right track.

1on the morning of September 23rd, 975, it was raining. Because my sister planned to leave Shanghai to start a new life the next day, she rode out early that morning to say goodbye to her friends. 10 When passing Nanjing West Road, her plastic raincoat was hooked by a hook in front of a truck and pulled down under the rear wheel of the truck. Two wheels ran over her chest and head ... Her father, who had always loved her sister, dared not attend her funeral, but the eulogy given by the school said, "She is a person who has never contributed to the country."

1at the beginning of 975, when I just returned to Shanghai from Shanxi, my sister once said to me, "From now on, we will live alone." Six months later, she also died. I went back to Beijing wholeheartedly and refused to stay in Shanghai. I lost several relatives in this city. Because no one went to Longhua Crematorium to retrieve the ashes that could only be stored for three years, my sister's ashes were buried as ownerless ashes at 1978.

1995, I entrusted a reporter friend in Shanghai to find the father who adopted my sister's child. I remember that day, we both picked up a brick and sat in an empty house that was about to be demolished. The father said that he had carefully collected articles about my mother and Yaoyao in recent years, and one day he would tell his children whose blood was flowing on him. He assured me that he would give me an answer soon. But the next day he told me that my foster mother wouldn't let me look after the children, and they didn't want to ruin his life now. In fact, I already know the name of the child and the school he goes to. If I really wanted to find him, I would definitely find him myself, but I thought about it for a long time and finally gave up.

But the life 1973 1 born in June has been entrenched in a corner of my heart for a long time. When I finished these stories, I suddenly realized that the child was going to be 34 years old. He must have his own family and children. He may never know that the mother who gave him life only lived 3 1 year. ...