100 points to know where there is a tea set shop near Yangzhou city! Be specific ... the more detailed, the better. ...

In the ancient city of Yangzhou, "dig three feet and you will get something."

At the end of 1997 and the beginning of 1998, the archaeological team of Tang Cheng conducted two archaeological excavations in the south of Dadongmen Street in the old city, and cleaned up the remains of the east-west wooden drainage ditch in the middle and late Tang Dynasty in order to cooperate with the capital site of the palace garden. Thousands of pieces of ceramics and complete utensils are piled up in the ditch, and the products of China famous kiln mouth can be found here, and they are numerous and complete in variety. In the stratum of the Qing Dynasty, the remains of six wells and inspection wells were also cleared, and two gold bars with inscriptions were unearthed at the bottom of the stratum of the Qing Dynasty. The two gold bars are rectangular and thin, weighing 68.1g. One gold bar is engraved with the words "The Story of Zhou Jiulang □ Ten Gold", and the other is engraved with the words "…… Ten Red Gold". A considerable number of blue and white cups and plates have been unearthed from six ancient wells in the Qing Dynasty, especially the accompanying purple sand teapot and spoon made in Yixing. Nearly 50 teapots were unearthed at one time, which is unique in Yangzhou and rare in national cultural relics archaeological activities. Six ancient wells in the Qing Dynasty were distributed in the central and western parts of the exploration area, and the teapot was mainly unearthed in the ancient wells numbered Ding 2 and Ding 6. Ding Er is a drinking well for citizens in the old city of Qing Dynasty, and Ding Liu is an underground drainage facility-manhole in Qing Dynasty. The following are introduced in three categories according to the shape of the teapot. Zisha round pot: unearthed in Ding six years. The number of such pots is the largest, about 40. The diameter and height of the pot are not much different, but the shape is basically the same. Take one of them as an example: a round pot with a lid height of 14.3 cm, a diameter of 7.2 cm, a bottom diameter of 12 cm, a flow diameter of10.2 cm, and a concave foot of a false ring of 0.7 cm. Straight mouth, short neck, bulging belly, false ring foot, flat ring single-stranded handle, short and straight pot flow, thin upper part and thick lower part, and the front end of the pot mouth has an inclined plane, which is basically flush with the edge of the pot mouth. The full cover is 6 cm high, beaded with a mouth and buttons, with a small circular vent hole in the center and a circle of grooves under the buttons for tether, which makes the cover not easy to be damaged and makes it regular. This pot is divided into five types: ochre, vermilion, orange, black and grayish black. There are yellow and white emery particles on the surface, which are thin or dense, and some are all over the body, which are shaped like osmanthus, commonly known as "osmanthus sand", and there are fine mica particles that shine under the light. There are only two inscriptions on the abdomen, namely "Yuxia" and "Yuxia Spring". In the center of the pot bottom, there is only one spherical pot covered with the square Yang seal "Yuan Zhang": it was unearthed in the sixth year of Ding Dynasty. Only 1 piece, the kettle falls off incompletely. The pot height 10.7 cm, caliber 7.8 cm, abdominal diameter 13.7 cm, and bottom diameter 8.5 cm. Convergence, spherical abdomen, false round foot. The pot surface is vermilion, the fetal quality is very fine, and there are basically no impurities, but there are still mica particles. Cover the foot with a box of seal characters. There are three seal characters in the box, which are divided into two vertical lines, two characters on the left and 1 characters on the right, separated by Yang Wen vertical lines, and the word "water" is faintly visible. Square pot: unearthed in the second year of Ding. There are only 2 pieces, 1 piece is basically intact, and they are all made of fragments. The pot height is14.8cm, the square mouth is 8.3cm in the longitudinal direction, 7.3cm in the transverse direction, the maximum abdominal diameter is11.8cm, the foot is1.1cm in the longitudinal direction and/kloc-0 in the transverse direction. The straight mouth is slightly convergent, the abdomen is slightly raised and the false circle is full. Square curved flow, flat ring and wide handle. The intra-abdominal flow hole is spindle-shaped, about 8 cm long and 0.6 cm wide. In the center of the outsole, there is a box-shaped seal, which is a seal script. The handwriting is slender and the inscription can be recognized as "made in Jingxi". It is equipped with a top-filled square cover (the cover is 4.2 cm high, with a mouth, a bridge buckle, and a circular exhaust hole under the buckle. In addition, two kinds of purple sand objects-spoons and plates-were unearthed. Zisha spoon: unearthed in the second year of Ding. There are 6 pieces, and only 1 piece is complete. The spoon is 4.2 cm wide and 7.4 cm long, the handle is only 4.2 cm long, and the spoon depth is 1.2 cm. The spoon part is larger and the handle is slightly shorter than the spoon part. A concave chord pattern is drawn between the spoon mouth and the outer edge of the handle, and a rectangular Yang-like logo is stamped on the back of the joint between the spoon and the handle. Purple sand plate: unearthed in the second year of Ding. There are five pieces, all of which are incomplete. It is 2.2 cm high and 8.3 cm in diameter. Open serrated bottom. Brown glaze is applied to the plate, with rough glaze and many bubbles. The purple sand wares unearthed this time are all practical daily necessities, with monotonous shapes, but a large number, which gives us a chance to have a more comprehensive perceptual understanding of the firing process of these purple sand pots. 1. Judging from the color of the pots, there are two main clay raw materials for this batch of teapot: one is purple sand and light purple sand. After being fired by oxidation flame, the tire color of the pots is mostly ochre and purplish brown. The other is red-brown red mud, which is sintered by oxidation flame. The color of the tire is gray-black, and mica particles on the surface are like twinkling stars in the night sky. There are several specimens, the appearance is grayish black or black, but the inner wall is purple or vermilion, which may be related to the firing atmosphere in the kiln. The ventilation in the kiln is not smooth, and the pot in the sagger is in reducing flame atmosphere. Secondly, the body of this batch of teapot is mainly formed by plugging blank, that is, inlaid with mud, which is different from the drawing blank on porcelain. There are obvious mud cracks on the inner walls of the first two pots, and mud cracks are defects. The producers took great pains to keep it out of people's sight, cleverly covered up the defects and increased the beauty of the pot from the inside out. At the same time, running water or handles are installed here to make the joints of clay more compact and firm, and it is not easy to break. The square pot is inlaid with four pieces of mud, and there are obvious extrusion marks at the joint. The edge, bottom and ring foot of the spout are all connected back, and the bonding surface of the ring foot is not tight enough, which is easy to fall off. The handle and the water flow stick to the pot, and the connection between them divides the pot into two parts. Let's start with the handle. It's molded and similar in size. It is in the shape of a round flat ring, gradually decreasing from top to bottom, which is convenient for hand holding. If the handle is stuck at the joint of the mud sheet, it is not easy to fall off, but it is easy to fall off when it is stuck opposite the joint of the mud sheet. The reason is that when the handle is stuck, it is forced to stick and squeeze, which makes the tire at the two contact points between the handle and the pot body thinner, and often even pulls the tire out when it falls off. Let's talk about the kettle flow. Judging from the broken specimens of more than a dozen round kettles, the size is basically the same, which may be molded, round and tubular, with a small top and a large bottom. When filling the kettle flow, first dig a round hole in the kettle body, which is about one-third larger than the spout, and then stick the flow directly. Because the contact area between the water flow and the pot body is small, it is easy to fall off. This method is different from the installation of kettle flow by drilling and plugging in Yangjiaoshan ancient kiln site. Square kettle flow is molded. In the installation process, a shaft hole is dug in the pot body first, and then the square curve process of butt molding is carried out. Due to the large contact area between the water flow and the kettle body, the adhesion is firm. The kettle handle, kettle flow and kettle body are bonded together to form the whole kettle. From the height, the handle, the water flow and the pot body are basically on the same horizontal line. Generally, the handle is slightly lower, and the edge of the water flow and spout is straight; From the overall effect of the utensils, the round pot body and the towering pot cover are combined into an approximate triangle, the center of gravity of the pot is at the bottom, and the arrangement of large handles and oblique straight shapes makes the utensils more symmetrical and harmonious, beautiful and elegant, and the simplicity is artistic. Third, there are two kinds of pot lids, square lids and convex lids. Their methods are basically the same. The top of the cover is made by a mold, and the blank pressed by the mold is trimmed and folded inward along the blank of the cover, and the sub-opening is installed on the folded blank tire. Tires are thin and easy to damage and fall off. When installing the sub-opening, the edge is slightly constrained and easy to open. The button of the convex cover is bead-shaped. When installing the bead button, the potter hollows out the bottom of the button first, which reduces the contact surface between the button and the cover, resulting in the button falling off easily (as shown in figure 15). The square cover is a bridge-shaped button with a large button hole, which is convenient for tying. Fourth, the inscription and inscription of the teapot. Generally speaking, there are few inscriptions, only the belly of the round pot is engraved with "Yu Xia" and "Yu Xiachun" in regular script, and the knife method is vigorous and powerful. At the bottom, there are only three boxes printed on the box of the house. The word "Bird" (as shown in figure 16) is rough and the brushwork is not smooth. For the other two pieces, because the imprint is shallow, the text is slender and the imprint text is not clear. Dating of teapot This batch of teapot was unearthed from two wells in the stratum of Qing Dynasty, which means that the lower age of this batch of teapot will not be later than that of Qing Dynasty, but to verify its exact age, we must first start with the accompanying relics.

The unearthed relics are mainly a large number of blue and white porcelain cups, plates and a small number of bowls. There are 672 small blue-and-white porcelain cups, but the patterns of the cups are monotonous, and the inner bottoms are painted with blue-and-white caves and flowers. The number of blue-and-white porcelain plates is the second, and the decorative patterns are mainly painted on the inner wall of peony in blue-and-white Shuangfeng Opera, such as grass-rolling dragon pattern, cloud dragon pattern, hole pink chrysanthemum pattern, magpie climbing plum pattern, broken branch peony pattern, persimmon pattern, broken branch melon pattern and so on. These are basically common decorative patterns in Jingdezhen folk kilns during the Kang Yong period. There are also some inscriptions on the outsole of the blue-and-white plate, which can be divided into two types: auspicious characters are "Yi You Ding Yu Ya Zhi", "Sino-American You Yu Ya Zhi", "Zhen You Zhen Fan", "Sheng You Bao Ya Zhi" and "Shen You Ding Yu Zhen Fan", which belong to the inscriptions of Kangxi period; There are two kinds of money for Zhai Tang: Guigu Zhai Xuan He style and Li Xing American English Church system. There are many kinds of money for fasting. In "Drinking Six Fasts on Porcelain", it is recorded that "emperors, relatives, dignitaries and famous craftsmen all have it." ……」

The textual research on the above two Zhaitang funds lacks sufficient information, but there are some anecdotes about the funds with the word "Xuanhe". Xuanhe was the national title of Hui Zong in the Northern Song Dynasty (119-1125). Song Huizong Evonne is an emperor who wears trousers. He is good at calligraphy, painting and antiquities. During his reign, he set up an official kiln in Bianjing. Gu Wenfa, a native of the Southern Song Dynasty, clearly put forward that "the imperial kiln was built by the capital in Zheng Xuan's period and was called the official kiln". Xuanhe kiln, or Xuanhe kiln, is synonymous with the official kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty, which specializes in firing porcelain for the imperial court. The objects or porcelain patterns handed down from tribute porcelain have become the styles that later generations compete to imitate. During the Yongzheng period, I once pretended to know that the imitation of the artifacts was "Xuanhe Year System"; During the Qianlong period, the words "Xuanhe Kiln Jiang Qi" were written on the outsoles of in-glaze red sunflower washing and in-glaze red water ripple sunflower washing. It can be seen that the time of the above two funds for Zhai Tang was relatively stable during Yongzheng and Qianlong periods.

Coincidentally, a European merchant ship was salvaged in the South China Sea in 1984, and 1 50,000 pieces of porcelain were as good as new, including1piece of blue-and-white peony plate with broken branches (see Song's Walking in Purple Sand Garden, page 120, Taipei Tangren Craft Publishing House,1) The time of sinking the ship was December 18th in the 16th year of Qing Qianlong (1752 65438+1October 3rd), which can confirm the consistency of our judgment on the age of blue and white wares unearthed in Yangzhou. Let's talk about the characteristics of the times reflected in the teapot. The early blank-making methods of Yixing teapot are mainly divided into blank-making (kneading) and impression-making. This method was mostly used to knead car blanks from the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, and all three kinds of pots unearthed in Yangzhou adopted the above method, which was slightly later than this time. All three types of pots use sealed box models. The word "yuan Zhang" should be the name of the craftsman, but there is no information to borrow, so it is impossible to find out the exact age. Mr. Luo Guixiang, a famous purple sand researcher in Hong Kong, once wrote Yixing Pottery (English), which summarized the signature and year characteristics of purple sand ware: during the Wanli period, the outer bottom of the pot was engraved with European and regular script, with Shi Dabin as the most typical one; Inscriptions and seals were used in Ming and Qing dynasties; After Kangxi, lettering decreased, and the bottom of the pot was printed outside, or printed and printed at the bottom. From this point of view, the era of teapot in Yangzhou is about after Kangxi.

To sum up, the era of teapot unearthed in Yangzhou is from Kangxi to the early years of Qianlong. Looking at Yangzhou's tea drinking custom from unearthed utensils: Tea drinking in China began in the Qin Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. The style of drinking tea in Yangzhou can be traced back to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty compiled the seventh volume of Taiping Guangji. The article "Grandmother Guangling Tea" said that Grandmother Tea "sells a cup of tea to the market every day, and people in the city compete to buy it". After entering the Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou produced its own tea on the hills of Shugang. The quality of tea was excellent and it tasted like the top of the mountain. In addition, the water in daming temple, the fifth spring in the world, makes Yangzhou people "boil green milk in Jinding, which is fragrant in Yu Ou" (Silla Cui Zhiyuan wrote "Gui Yuan Bi Geng Ji"), Jinding is the device for frying tea, and Yu Ou is the jade lamp and jade flower for drinking tea. Until the Song Dynasty, the tea production in Yangzhou was owned by officials and collected by tea farmers in the garden as a special tribute. Gong Tea Garden is located in Shitang and Gongchuntang. Ouyang Tiao, the magistrate of Yangzhou, wrote two poems about Shitang, one of which is "Snow still builds trees, thunder fails to make spring". Zhongzhou floor heating germinates early, and everything must be new before tribute. " The tea-making situation in Yangzhou in Song Dynasty can be seen, and the prosperity of drinking tea is confirmed by archaeological discoveries. During the period of 1992, the archaeological team cooperated with the reconstruction of Wenhe Road for archaeological excavation. A complete Song Dynasty teahouse site was excavated on the northeast side of Ming Sheng Bridge, with a complete tea stove and a bellows base for raising the furnace temperature. On the west side of the stove, there is a brick open ditch that flows into the Wenhe River. Hundreds of black glazed teacups produced by Jizhou kiln were unearthed in the open ditch. These cups are roughly made and should be drunk by ordinary people. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were another prosperous period of tea affairs in Yangzhou. At this time, the tea set has undergone significant changes, and Yixing teapot has gradually become the fashion of drinking tea. Yangzhou people have a soft spot for tea sets. During the Qianlong period, Xiangxueju Store, next to Tianning Temple in Yangzhou, specializes in Yixing native sand pots. Not only that, Zheng Banqiao, one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", loves tea, writes tea poems, and even writes poems on purple sand vessels, such as "Being proud of not being hungry and not being cold". A small amount can't hold a big event, and two or three inches of water can make waves. This poem not only reflects his cynicism, but also shows his love for purple sand ware. In Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou was rich in economy, and there were many businessmen and literati painters. With their help, the wind of drinking tea lasted for a long time. The place where the teapot was unearthed this time is located at the intersection of Dadongmen Street and Wenhe Road, just north of which is the Aming Nanmu Hall. Obviously, this should be a teahouse. Unearthed teapots, blue-and-white teacups and blue-and-white plates for Yangzhou dried silk or snacks, if put on the table, three or two people gather around the table to discuss things, which not only shows us a vivid picture of life, but also confirms the eternal life custom of Yangzhou people: "soak in water in the morning, soak in skin at night" (meaning to have morning tea in the teahouse and bathe in the hall at night).