20. On the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western arts. 2 1. On the relationship between artistic accomplishment and college students' quality.

Reflections on the Differences between Chinese and Western Paintings

In the wave of modernization in 2 1 century, it has become the consensus of people all over the world to emphasize the important role of art and aesthetic education in cultivating new generations in the new century. Aesthetic education is an indispensable part of the whole social and cultural construction, and it is one of the important ways to improve people's quality and promote their free and all-round development. Its fundamental purpose is to improve people's spiritual realm, improve people's cultural accomplishment through aesthetics and art, cultivate people's emotions, purify people's thoughts, improve people's character, make people's body and mind develop harmoniously and beautify themselves. This unique function and function is irreplaceable by general scientific and cultural education. Especially since China's reform and opening up, with the progress of society and the improvement of people's living standards, people pay more and more attention to cultural quality and are eager to improve their cultural and artistic accomplishment and appreciation ability. Therefore, people pay more attention to art. Due to the different expression techniques and forms, there are meticulous painting, freehand brushwork, ink painting and heavy color. ), western paintings (commonly known as various western paintings in modern China) and so on. Then the root of the difference between Chinese and western painting. What is this? There is no doubt that it is cultural differences.

First, the differences and connections between Chinese and Western painting

China's traditional painting art, with its unique features and immortal works, has written a glorious chapter in the long-standing and profound world cultural history. Throughout the dynasties, countless fine paintings were like exotic flowers and grasses, competing for novelty and beauty, and various schools of painting, like a trickle of clear water, merged into a surging river. This is a great artistic tradition and a colorful art world. Its richness is dazzling, its charm is refreshing, and its profundity is daunting. China's paintings originated in the late Paleolithic period 12000 years ago. In labor, our ancestors created simple primitive paintings.

1, the difference between Chinese and western painting

Due to the differences in social, political, economic and cultural traditions of various countries and nations, there are obvious differences in artistic forms, means of expression and artistic styles of painting in various countries around the world. Generally, it is called oriental painting (represented by China) developed from Egyptian, Persian, Indian, China and other ancient oriental civilizations. European-centered western painting, developed from Greek and Roman painting, is the two most important painting systems in the world. They have influenced each other in history and made their own important contributions to human civilization. China's painting has its own unique artistic appeal and charm, which is the biggest difference between China's painting and western painting.

First, Chinese painting attaches importance to the use of blank space, which has the effect of "virtual and real".

Second, Chinese painting attaches importance to the relationship between art and nature, emphasizing "writing spirit with form" and paying attention to artistic conception and charm; Diverse perspectives. Western painting, on the other hand, is superior to nature, adopting focus perspective and rewriting the shape.

Thirdly, China's calligraphy and painting have a deep origin, that is, "the same origin of calligraphy and painting" and "the same method of calligraphy and painting".

Fourth, Chinese painting and poetry have similarities, so we advocate "poetry in painting"; "Painting in poetry" means "poetic and picturesque". Western painting is not. Emphasis on modeling, reproduction, rationality, time and space, light and color effects.

Fifth, Chinese paintings often use seals, which are embellishments and add charm and beauty.

Sixth, China's paintings depict the hometown of the soul, while Western paintings depict the hometown of life. The simplest understanding is that Chinese painting is "writing", expressing spirit and abstraction. Western painting is "imitation", describing, imitating things, and local concreteness. Picasso (Spanish painter, founder of cubism), Van Gogh (Dutch painter, representative of post-impressionism) and others are all amazed at the artistic conception of Chinese painting! Can't say who is taller than who, art is the same thing for all mankind, and there is no hierarchy, but different world views and cultural differences are inevitable.

2. The connection between Chinese and western painting.

Both Chinese painting and western painting, as an art form, have their own characteristics, which are mainly manifested in concrete artistic images that are visible, tangible and colorful to reflect social life and express the painter's feelings about objective reality. It is more acceptable to the public than novels and poems. It is more extensive in materials. Therefore, painting is one of the most colorful art forms in the whole art and even the whole art category. Have a profound impact on the world.

1, the difference between Chinese and western painting depends on the difference of thinking mode between Chinese and western people. The perceptual tradition and monistic world outlook of China people are contrary to the rational tradition and dualistic world outlook of westerners. China's monist worldview holds that man and nature are unified, and man is a part of nature. China people pay attention to the unity of heaven and man, and the Taoist way of heaven remains unchanged, which is the true embodiment of this thought. China people's concept of harmony between man and nature sprouted in the Neolithic Age of primitive society and matured in the pre-Qin period of feudal society. Zhuangzi once said that heaven and earth coexist with me, everything is one with me, heaven is the foundation, and man is a part of the whole nature, which has created the monistic world outlook of China people. Related to this, China people's unique perceptual thinking mode has been created, and China people regard mountains and rivers as the mother of the nation because of their attachment to nature. The idea of harmony between man and nature can be said to be the essence of China's cultural spirit. Western rationalism and dualism world outlook originated in ancient Greece. Rationalism and humanism are the source of inspiration for ancient Greek art, and behind rationalism and humanism is the binary world outlook of dichotomy between man and nature. Different ways of thinking between China and the West determine the internal differences between Chinese and Western arts. It is the different attitudes towards nature between China and the West that make Chinese and Western paintings so different. The theme of Chinese painting is to express mountains and rivers, which can make people blend into nature and give people a sense of spiritual pleasure. However, we can rarely see the existence of people from western landscape paintings. What they want to express is an independent nature.

2. Analyze the differences between China basin culture and western island culture.

First, the Chinese national mentality of advocating "nature" and "self-protection".

Due to the basin experience and long-term farming life of the Chinese nation in its cultural stereotypes, the mentality of loving nature and self-protection has been strengthened. Politically, it is manifested as "courtesy before soldiers" and "attacking people later"; Reflecting the differences between Chinese and western paintings, the military advocates "preserving strength" and "avoiding reality and attacking emptiness"; It is manifested in the architectural style: "introverted and deep", "unobtrusive", "secluded and secluded" and "hidden". In the war years, Mao Zedong summed up the game tactics of "the enemy advances and retreats, the enemy is stationed and disturbed, the enemy is tired and I fight, and the enemy retreats and I chase"; "Digging deeply" put forward in the 1960s and 1970s. Deng Xiaoping's political strategies of "amassing grain instead of seeking hegemony" and "keeping a low profile and keeping a low profile" put forward in the early stage of reform and opening-up are all highly displays of the above ideas.

The second is to emphasize the western national mentality of "taking the initiative to attack" and "exposing publicity".

The stereotyped area of European culture is located on the "Aegean Sea" island between Greece and Turkey on the northern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. Long-term island ecological experience makes European nations have to seize the commanding heights first, and can only "take the initiative", "pre-empt" and "be attacked on all sides". In the isolated island environment, when the #l- invaders landed on the coast, the ethnic groups on the island had no escape route and natural shelter. The only effective way is to reach the commanding heights first and take the initiative to attack. These long-term ecological and environmental experiences, accompanied by the "genes" of cultural organisms, have formed the political open, enterprising and aggressive mentality of western nations; Exposure and publicity in architectural form, such as preference for "castle on the top of the mountain". It is an intuitive, flamboyant and naked art in painting.

1, "Learn from nature"

Inherit the tradition of predecessors and pay more attention to the creative road facing real life. Li Keran (a native of Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, a professor at the Central Academy of Fine Arts, and the president of the Chinese Painting Research Institute) absorbed the excellent tradition of ancient landscape painting, emphasizing the feeling gained by sketching natural mountains and rivers and the unique feeling gained by participating in natural mountains and rivers. This is the development of China's landscape painting.

2. "Let the past be the present"

Represented by Qi Baishi, Huang and Pan Tianshou. Digest and absorb ancient traditions, make bold breakthroughs and form your own style. Qi Baishi developed freehand flower-and-bird painting into a big freehand flower-and-bird painting; Huang's landscape painting has its own characteristics in the accumulation of pen and ink and the change of ink use; Pan Tianshou has formed a brand-new look in conveying local flavor, picture structure and pen strength.

3. "Combination of Chinese and Western"

Xu Beihong's paintings blend Chinese and western styles. There are both the pursuit of form in western painting and the pursuit of verve in Chinese painting: Lin Fengmian integrates light and rigorous shape shaping into Chinese painting and pays attention to the color tone of painting. Such as Pan and Xu Beihong. Pan is a famous female painter and sculptor in China. Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, was born in Yangzhou. Pan is a rare example of women receiving new art education and becoming painters in the early years of the Republic of China. Ms. Pan is the first oriental admitted to the Royal Academy of Painting in Rome, Italy.

Finally, I found that the root of the differences between Chinese and western paintings is cultural differences. Practice shows that China painting in the 2nd/kloc-0th century should be able to integrate "natural style". The combination of Chinese and western is a highly unified comprehensive plastic arts. 2 1 century painters should be versatile and compound "innovative" talents. Only in this way can China's paintings really flourish, like sesame blossoms, showing infinite prospects. Because the highest state of painting is a kind of culture.

First, the qualities that college students should have when they step into society.

Adaptability refers to the ability of graduates to quickly know, understand and get familiar with the external environment in terms of psychology, life, working environment, interpersonal communication and so on, and to coordinate the subject and object. Mainly includes:

1 psychological endurance. Compared with the school, great changes have taken place in the living environment, working conditions and interpersonal relationships. These changes will inevitably cause psychological contrast and strong conflict among those graduates who are full of illusions. At this time, psychological endurance is the first. We should overcome psychological barriers and identify ourselves with the external environment psychologically.

2. The ability to live independently. After joining the work, they often have to deal with everything such as food, clothing, housing and transportation by themselves, which requires high ability to live independently and is an unavoidable ability training for graduates.

3 interpersonal skills. After going to work, the exertion of interpersonal skills is the key to adapt to the environment. If you are not good at communicating with others, it will be difficult to communicate with others, and you will inevitably close yourself up and bring a lot of trouble and pain.

Psychological quality is the basis of a person's comprehensive quality, and the healthy development of psychology is the most basic life topic. Contemporary college students, favored by heaven, should pay attention to cultivating their good psychological quality from the following aspects.

1. attaches great importance to cultivating achievement motivation "motivation+IQ = success". Nowadays, many college students lack "peak experience" because they don't go all out to do something seemingly impossible. Psychologist mcclelland put forward the theory of achievement needs, the main points of which are as follows:

1) People with high achievement motivation can be cultivated. With it, you have three most important things: consciousness, initiative and creativity.

2) The quantity and quality of people with high achievement motivation is a company's most valuable resource.

2. Turn achievement motivation into realistic pursuit-P.T tactics There are two kinds of so-called talents: ordinary type (P) and special type (T). The ideal situation is the combination of the two, that is, daily study and work conform to the norms, and form their own characteristics in one or two aspects, thus establishing their own credibility. Reputation is the key to turning high achievement motivation into real success. If you can find your own strengths and create conditions to play them out, you can gradually win self-confidence and succeed.

3. Protect Your Small Environment A survey report on college students' education points out that interpersonal skills are at least as important as professional achievements, if not more important. Good interpersonal relationship includes communication ability, cooperation ability and the consciousness of actively caring for others. A narcissist cannot succeed in real life. College students should pay attention to cultivating good interpersonal relationships around them.

4. Face the reality of self and frustration correctly. Only a few people really stand at the top, so the sense of success is always relative. There are inevitably many setbacks in life. In the face of setbacks, we must:

Pay attention to yourself and accept yourself. You can't really develop yourself if you can't accept yourself.

Force is the most critical. Whether you are a writer, an artist, a philosopher, a scientist, a strategist or a politician, the ability of creative thinking is crucial to people's success. Aesthetic education plays an important role in cultivating college students' creative thinking ability, especially in combination with the aesthetic activities of specific literary works, which is very effective in cultivating college students' ability to discover beauty, perceive beauty and imagine beauty. If science and engineering students are confined to professional knowledge education, it is difficult for them to become innovative talents, even if their professional scores are high. The study of artistic knowledge and skills is conducive to enriching people's perceptual world, enhancing people's understanding of artistic forms and improving people's aesthetic ability. However, equating aesthetic education with the study of literary knowledge limits the vision and narrows the scope of aesthetic education research. Aesthetic education is not only to cultivate people's artistic appreciation and creativity, but also to cultivate and develop people's rich sensibility and imagination, and to shape noble personality and mind.

2。 The most urgent and realistic task of contemporary aesthetic education is to make people get rid of simple sensory stimulation, make people's perceptual desires develop healthily, and finally achieve the coordination between sensibility and rationality. If science and engineering students do not accept aesthetic education, they may be completely bound by instrumental rational thinking, become specialized and technical, and become "technical people" who only know technology and knowledge, but are not rich in emotion and personality, instead of "civilized people" who have perfect personality and rich wisdom.

College students are a special group in society. As a frontier group of new technologies and new ideas, artistic accomplishment is closely related to the growth of college students.

First, improving the artistic quality of college students is an inevitable requirement for college students in the new era.

College students are very valuable human resources, the hope of the nation and the future of the motherland. Strengthening and improving the ideological and political education of college students, improving their ideological and political quality, and training them to be builders and successors of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics are of great significance for fully implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and strengthening the country through talents, and ensuring that China is always invincible in the fierce international competition; ad _ dst = ad _ dst+ 1； Being in an invincible position is of great and far-reaching strategic significance for ensuring the realization of the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, accelerating socialist modernization, and ensuring the prosperity and successors of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

The central government's document on deepening education reform and promoting quality education in an all-round way points out that art quality education should be followed by colleges and universities at all levels. The Outline of Education Reform and Development in China requires that the status of art education should be established in all kinds of schools at all levels from the educational laws and regulations, and education departments and schools at all levels should put art education on the important agenda and educational development plan. The development of a country depends not only on the combination of knowledge and technology, but also on the improvement and sublimation of spirit and quality. The popularization of art education plays a significant role in improving humanistic quality, and is also conducive to promoting the coordinated development of people's professional knowledge and artistic quality, and improving the overall quality of the people. Especially for college students who are the main force of national construction, improving artistic accomplishment plays an irreplaceable positive role in improving aesthetic ability, establishing noble moral sentiments, shaping good psychological quality, and developing morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically and laboriously. Therefore, improving the artistic quality of college students is an inevitable requirement of the new era.

Second, strengthening college students' artistic quality is conducive to the improvement of professional learning.

The relationship between college students' artistic accomplishment and professional study. I think the two complement each other and promote each other.

For science and engineering students, I think that under the premise of learning this major well, we should learn as much as possible some common sense of humanities and arts, expand our knowledge, and cultivate and exercise logical thinking and image thinking. Scientific research shows that the human brain has several functional partitions, some of which can remember information, some make judgments, some produce associations, and some can create innovations. The former two are used more, while the latter two are used less. For scientific and technical workers and literary and art workers, the latter two are more important, and the latter two are crucial for developing logical thinking and image thinking.

Science and engineering students have strong logical thinking ability, but weak image thinking. Therefore, learning and edifying through different art forms is conducive to adjusting rigid scientific calculus, formulas and symbols, and expressing logical thinking through vivid language is more conducive to understanding and memorizing knowledge. In this way, students can better understand knowledge and stimulate their interest in this major.

Leonardo da Vinci is the best candidate to combine science and art, but he is not the first person to combine science and art, nor is he the last person. Li Zhengdao is one of the scientists. Professor Li Zhengdao is a physicist, but he also likes history, poetry, painting, music and other culture and arts very much, especially the traditional culture and arts in China. He actively advocates the combination of science and art. Since 1987, he has cooperated with artists for many times to create works of art. He once said that science and art are inseparable, just like two sides of the same coin. Their similarity is based on human creativity. The goal they pursue is the universality of truth. Art, such as poetry, painting, sculpture, music, etc. Arouse everyone's conscious or subconscious feelings in innovative ways. The more precious the emotion, the stronger the arousal, the more common the reaction, and the better the art. Science, such as astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, etc. , a new and accurate abstraction of natural phenomena. The simpler the abstract exposition of scientists, the wider the application and the deeper the scientific creation. Although natural phenomena do not depend on scientists, the abstraction and generalization of nature is the crystallization of human wisdom, which is the same as the creation of artists. The universality pursued by scientists is a concrete abstraction and generalization, which is applicable to all natural phenomena, and its truth is rooted in the external world outside scientists. The universal truth pursued by artists is also external, which is rooted in the whole mankind and has no time and space boundaries. Great men are still like this, not to mention our college students.

As for the students of humanities and arts, I think we should further improve our artistic accomplishment, because this is the foundation of our future career, so we should set higher demands on ourselves. But at present, there is a very common phenomenon among art students in colleges and universities, that is, "attaching importance to skills and neglecting art" Students only pay attention to the pursuit of artistic skills, such as piano proficiency test, painting skills, computer drawing level, etc., and pay little attention to art theory and aesthetic education related theories, and students read too little. As we all know, in the long run, students will lack creativity and become mechanical operators, commonly known as painters and draftsmen, rather than artists and designers. Therefore, art students should not only pursue proficiency in technology and techniques, but also strengthen the study of art theory and improve their artistic accomplishment. On the other hand, we should learn from all aspects as much as possible, broaden our horizons, and promote better service for artistic creation.

The integration of science and art is reflected in all aspects of society. For example, China's slogan for bidding for the Olympic Games is to make the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games a green Olympics, a people's Olympics and a high-tech Olympics. In educational activities, paying equal attention to science and humanities has become an educational concept.

Thirdly, strengthening college students' artistic accomplishment is conducive to their growth and success.

The university stage is the key stage of life. University life is the last stage for people to go to society, and it is the stage to complete the transformation from students to social people. Therefore, at this stage, we should not only shape ourselves into a qualified "person", but also become a qualified "talent", so that when we graduate to the society, we can "have confidence and desire for everything". The so-called "being a man" means having a positive attitude, knowing the truth of being a man and knowing the truth of being a man; Becoming a "talent" means mastering the basic knowledge, skills and methods of this major.

College students should have broad horizons and noble moral sentiments. Then, through the study of related courses of artistic literacy, let college students change their appreciation mode through contact aesthetics, improve their ability to distinguish truth, goodness, beauty, falsehood, ugliness and ugliness by using typical artistic images, stimulate them to pursue truth, goodness and beauty, put their ideological consciousness and noble sentiments into aesthetic education, and let beauty lead to goodness. Confucius said, "Those who know are not as good as those who know, and those who are good are not as good as those who know." Confucius believes that it is not enough to know how to do it, but also to practice and work hard, and "happiness" is a higher realm, not only to do it, but to do it happily. Artistic accomplishment should help college students get to know each other by creating an environment in which students are interested in learning. Interest is a psychological state and an important internal factor to attract and maintain attention. I will always take the initiative to accept and learn what I am interested in. Starting with the interest in art education, college students can have positive learning factors, and more importantly, cultivate their psychology of artistic success, such as reading literary works, watching the production of excellent art films, sketching, keeping observation diaries, visiting and sightseeing, etc., which can cultivate their observation, thinking and imagination, guide them to distinguish the similarities and differences of things, improve their enthusiasm and sensitivity to new things, and thus improve their ability to control the changes of objective things. Cultivating interest and enhancing value in learning is conducive to the healthy development of body and mind.

The art form itself has a strong appeal. Through art education, people can restrain virtue, adjust temperament, shape perfect personality and be beneficial to physical and mental health. This is the meaning of poetry, reason and happiness (The Analects of Confucius Taber).

For example, art theory courses mainly focus on music, dance, art and other courses. Through different artistic languages such as auditory art, visual art and kinesthetic art, these courses comprehensively and profoundly explain the cultural connotation and unique charm of Chinese and western art from different angles and levels. Excellent courses such as Appreciation of Chinese and Foreign Music Art, Appreciation of Chinese and Foreign Dance Art, Appreciation of Chinese and Foreign Art Works, Symphony Music Appreciation, Appreciation of Chinese Folk Music and Selected Lectures on Western Art can not only enrich students' emotions. Because a good work of art not only has high aesthetic value, but also contains rich humanistic spirit, aesthetic thought and philosophical thought. In these courses, college students fully understand the cultural essence, artistic style, aesthetic characteristics and humanistic spirit of different nationalities and regions in the world. For example, when we appreciate the Russian ballet Anna around the Neck, students can not only feel the unique charm of the Russian ballet, but also deeply understand the ideological significance of the work itself, thus enhancing the ability of college students to explore deeper relationships in specific types of problems through the combination of macro and micro, systematicness and uniqueness. At the same time, in the process of understanding the problem, the correct world outlook and values have been shaped, which has played a role in perfecting the personality cultivation of college students. For another example, by offering art practice classes, college students can truly experience the truth, goodness and beauty brought by art, feel the infinite charm of art, relieve the pressure brought by intense study and life, and enhance students' self-confidence. For example, in the course of singing skills for college students, the learning of singing skills not only improves students' professional skills, but also fully relieves their psychological pressure. According to psychological research, music can affect people's body and brain, and it can also make people feel excited, calm and balanced. Different concerts can make people have different emotional experiences, which can eliminate the fatigue and tension caused by mental work. Different forms of art practice courses produce different teaching effects. Through the course of "Shaping College Students' Body Temperament", college students can experience the satisfaction brought by art in the process of completing various artistic movements and learn to control all parts of the body freely. This is not only a superficial training and imitation, but also a balance and coordination of reason and emotion. It is an aesthetic movement in which the whole body and mind enter the rhythm and form, which stimulates the aesthetic taste of college students and makes them devote themselves to the rhythmic movement. Through this practice, students can not only cultivate sentiment, establish self-confidence in music, dance and other arts, but also effectively develop their physical coordination ability.

In addition, the art practice class can not only play the role of entertainment and education, but also eliminate the psychological diseases of college students. For example, in dance class, the teacher demonstrates an action, and everyone imitates it, gradually forming a warm atmosphere, thus alleviating tension, autism and loneliness through the strength of the group. This is also the place where art education is different from other education. It is entertaining and makes people fully stretch their free hearts. ? Artistic accomplishment is to cultivate and guide college students' emotions in aesthetic activities, cultivate order in interest, make them abide by moral norms and enhance their sense of social responsibility, which plays a very important role in the adult development of college students.

Fourthly, strengthening college students' artistic accomplishment is conducive to enhancing their aesthetic taste.

Art comes from life, and art is higher than life. In fact, a high-quality life is full of artistic elements everywhere.

Li Chaode, dean of the Art College of Suzhou University, said in an interview with the media that "brands can be built with money, but taste depends on lifelong cultivation". When talking about the relationship between design and beauty, he very much agrees with Gorky's sentence, "Aesthetics is the ethics of the future." Because we think there must be personal feelings behind beautiful things. We are in an era of design, and we can't see the trace of design in our daily life, but the source of beauty is still in our hearts.

Nowadays, many college students are blind in their pursuit of fashion and famous brands, lacking the aesthetic concept consistent with college students' identity, and think that expensive and luxurious things are good. As we all know, the simple stacking of brands is not equal to taste. The level of taste depends largely on the artistic accomplishment, aesthetic level and aesthetic taste of the aesthetic subject, not anything else.

Therefore, having high artistic accomplishment is also of far-reaching significance for college students to improve their understanding of life taste.

To sum up, we can see that strengthening college students' artistic accomplishment is of positive and extraordinary significance for their growth and success. As an education department, what ways and means should be used to increase the guidance for college students? Art education in colleges and universities should actively absorb the new achievements of modern education theory, integrate the essence of modern education mode exploration, reflect the development direction of modern education, break through and innovate the traditional education mode, and gradually transform the art learning course into a new education mode that closely combines inquiry and practice. This is a common and often new problem. The existing methods and approaches are to popularize art education by offering humanities courses and lectures. ?

At the same time, by developing colorful extracurricular activities, namely the second class, we can make full use of art forms in the classroom teaching process with teachers as the main body. At the same time, the school should create a good humanistic and artistic atmosphere and environmental artistic atmosphere to cultivate and infect our favorite children, "moisten things quietly", set up art education courses in every bit of life, and infiltrate the content of art education from the concept, which is believed to play a subtle role and help to college students.

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