Where is the biggest relic of Mayan civilization?

Tikal is the largest abandoned city in Mayan civilization. It is located in Guatemala's Peté n province, 17 13 ′ 19 ″ north latitude and 89 37 ′ 22 ″ west longitude.

ancient history

Tikal is one of the cultural and population centers of Mayan civilization. The earliest monument here was built in the fourth century BC. The city reached its peak in the Mayan classical period-about 2 AD to about 85 AD. After that, no major monuments were built. Some palaces were also burned down. People gradually left the city. At the end of the 1th century, Tikal was completely abandoned in the jungle.

Tikal controls the center of the Mayan lowlands, and wars often occur. According to the inscription, Tikal often allied or fought with some Mayan city-states, including Ushjak Tun, Caracol, Naranjo and Calakmul.

Experts estimate that Tikal may have a population of 1, to 2, at its peak.

the origin of the city name

tikal means "Place of Voices" or "Place of Tongues" in Mayan language. Mayan hieroglyphs on inscriptions often call it Mutal or Jacks Mutal, which means "Green Bundle", or it may be a metaphor of "First Prophecy". These may be ancient names of Tikal.

Site

The site of Tikal includes hundreds of important ancient buildings, only a small part of which has been excavated in archaeology in recent decades.

There are six stepped pyramids with temples on top of them in the remarkable buildings. They were numbered by early explorers. They were built at the peak of Tikal, from the end of the 7th century to the beginning of the 9th century. Temple No.1 was built around 695. Temple No.3 was built in 81. The largest Temple No.4, 72 meters high, was built in 72. Temple No.5 was completed around 75. Temple 6 was built in 766. There are also relics of ancient palaces in the city. In addition, there are many small gold pagodas, palaces, residences, stone monuments, and some stadiums used for ancient Mayan ball games. There seems to be another place used as a prison, where the doors and windows are marked by wooden bars.

Tikal's residential area covers an area of 6 square kilometers, most of which have not been cleared and excavated.

Tikal is surrounded by a 6-meter-wide ditch and wall. Only 9 kilometers have been explored now. It is estimated that this has enclosed at least 125 square kilometers of land. Recent studies have found that this is not only for defensive purposes, but also seems to be part of a canal system.

Ruler

The known ruler of Tikal:

Yax Ehb' Xook c. 6-the founder of the dynasty

Siyaj Chan K'awil Chak Ich'aak Stormy Sky I.

yaxch' aktel xok c.2

balamajaw decorated jaguar 292

k' inichhb' c.3

Queen Jaguar of ixune' b' alam. 317

Leyden Plate Ruler 32

K 'inich muwaan Jol-died in 359

Chaktoch 'ak I Jaguarpaw I 36-378-his palace was not rebuilt by the later rulers, and has been preserved as a memorial building. He died on the day that Siyah K'ak arrived in Tikal.

Nun Yax Ayin, a nobleman from Teotihuacan, was installed in Tikal by Siyah K'ak in 379. He ruled until 411

Siyah Chan K'awil II Stormy Sky II 411-456

K 'an-AK Kan Boar. 458-486

Ma 'kin-Nachan Late 5th century

Chak Tok Ich'aak Baroum Skull (Bahlum Paw Skull) 486-58 His wife is Lady Hand

Ixok 'in Lady Tikal. 511-527

Kalomte' Balam Curl-Head or 19th Lord 511-527

Wakchan k 'awil Double-Bird-537-562

Lizard Head II. -in 562, he was defeated in the battle with Karakuol

k 'inich Waaw 593-628

k 'inich Waaan-mid-early 7th century

k 'inich muwaan Jol II-mid-early 7th century

Hasaw Chan K'awil bimonthly or double moon or Lord chocolate .4889.68999999999895 His queen, Lady dirty dozen Macaw, was buried in Temple No.2; Defeated calakmul in 711.

Yik’in Chan Kawil; His wife Shana'Kin Yaxchel Pacal's Green Jay on the Wall was the Lord

Temple VI Ruler of Rakam Ha from 734 to 766. 766-768

Yax Nuun Ayiin II Chitam 768-79

Dark Sun C.81

Carver's Jewel K 'Aweil 849

Jasaw Chan K 'a Wiil II 869-889. Information about Tikal's two hands or three hands began to be known in the seventeenth century. Because the site is far away from the modern city, it was not until 1848 that the first scientific and archaeological expedition came to Tikal. In the 19th and early 2th centuries, many expeditions went to Tikal to study, draw maps and take photos.

in p>1951, a small airport was built near the ruins, which greatly improved the situation that it used to take many days to walk or ride mules through the jungle. From 1956 to 197, the University of Pennsylvania carried out a large-scale archaeological excavation at the site. In 1979, the Guatemalan government began a long-term archaeological excavation plan, which is still in existence today.

Tikal has been listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List and is open to the public. Tikal National Park consists of three parts: Tikal Site, San Miguel la Parrotta Biotope and Maya Biosphere Reserve.

Nature Reserve

Tikal National Park includes several landforms, including hills, swamps, mountains and so on. There are several sedimentary rocks in the national park that preserve geological data from Mesozoic to Tertiary. There are many kinds of jungle patterns in national parks, including swamp rainforests and mountain forests. There are many rare animals and plants living in the jungle. The plants include Swietenia macrophylla, Byrsonima crassifolia and so on. There are dozens of mammals, such as Ateles geoffroy, Bradypus tridactylus, and Eira barbara. Birds include red macaw Ara macao and so on. Reptiles and amphibians include Dermatemys mawii, Micrurus diastema sapperi, a Central American river turtle, and several endemic toads. There are more than a dozen fishes, including Cichlasoma melanorum, C. bifasciatum, C. heterospilum, etc.