Classification of lotus flowers

According to different cultivation purposes, it can be divided into lotus root, lotus seed and Hualien.

Lotus is called lotus root, which mainly produces lotus root, and this kind of variety has few flowers; Purple lotus, which mainly produces lotus seeds, has dense flowers, but its ornamental value is not as good as that of Hualien. Hualien, which is mainly ornamental, is mostly bubble-shaped or petal-shaped, and often cannot bear fruit.

Lianxi enjoys relatively stable still water and avoids running water with great fluctuation and wind and waves. In general, the water depth should not exceed1.5m. The optimum temperature of stems and leaves in the growing season is 25 ~ 30℃. It needs plenty of sunshine, so it is not suitable for long-term indoor cultivation. Clay loam rich in organic matter is suitable for soil quality. Lotus seeds have a very long life span, and thousands of years old lotus seeds can sprout new plants. Lotus is often propagated by ramets or by sowing. It should be done after the warm spring. The main diseases of lotus are rot and leaf spot, and the pests are aphids and scarabs.

Building lotus ponds, pavilions, bridges, pavilions and terraces by water is a traditional method of gardens in China, which is widely used in scenic spots all over the country. It is also suitable for decorating garden water surface, purifying water body or making potted plants. Lotus root and lotus seed are nutritious and suitable for raw and cooked food. Lotus root can be processed into lotus root powder, candied fruit and so on. Lotus seeds have a calming effect and are often used as soup or candied fruit, which is a good tonic for China people. Lotus petals and tender leaves can be used as food. All parts of the lotus can be used as medicine.

Lotus roots are planted in the mud at the bottom of a pond or river, and lotus leaves are exposed to the water. There are flowers on the stem that protrude a few centimeters from the water. Lotus generally grows to a height of 150 cm and extends 3 meters horizontally. The maximum diameter of lotus leaf is 60 cm. The striking lotus has a maximum diameter of 130 cm.

There are many different cultivars of lotus, ranging in color from snow white, yellow to reddish. Lotus can be propagated by seeds or rhizomes. Lotus seeds in particular can live for thousands of years. Some scientists have cultivated some lotus seeds with a history of thousands of years, and the lotus seeds are still full of vitality. Two ancient lotus seeds found in Yangshao cultural site have a history of more than 3000 years, but they are too precious to grow.

Perennial aquatic plants. Rootstock (lotus root) is thick and knobby, born in sediment. The leaves are shield-shaped, with dark green surface, waxy white powder, gray-green back, entire and wavy. Petiole cylindrical, densely barbed. Flowers are solitary at the top of pedicels and above the water surface, with single petals, compound petals, double petals and double petals. Colors are white, pink, crimson, lavender or intermediate colors; Stamens are numerous; The pistil is free and buried in an inverted conical sponge receptacle. There are many scattered honeycomb holes on the receptacle surface, which gradually expand after fertilization, and a small nut (lotus seed) is born in each hole. The flowering period is from June to September, and it opens and closes every morning. The fruit ripening period is September-65438+1October. There are many cultivated varieties of lotus, which can be divided into three systems according to different uses: lotus root, lotus seed and Hualien. According to the classification standard of China Lotus Variety Atlas, * * is divided into 3 series, 5 groups, 13 categories and 28 groups. Namely: large and medium-sized flowers:

A. Monopetaloid type: 1, single red lotus group 2, single pink lotus group 3, single white lotus group.

B. compound valve: 4. Compound petal pink lotus group.

C. double petals: 5. Double red lotus group 6. Double pink lotus group 7. Double white lotus group 8. Shuangjin group.

D. heavy platform category: 9. Hongtailian formation.

E. thousand petals: 10 thousand petals lotus group.

Floret group:

F. Single petal: 1 1, single petal red bowl lotus group 12, single petal pink bowl lotus group 13, single petal white bowl lotus group.

G. compound petals: 14, compound petals red bowl lotus group 15, compound petals pink bowl lotus group 16, compound petals white bowl lotus group.

H. Double petals: 17, double petals red bowl lotus group 18, double petals pink bowl lotus group 19, double petals white bowl lotus group. Large and medium-sized flowers:

Monopetaloid class: 20. Single-petalled coptis group. Large and medium-sized flowers

J, single petal type: 2 1, hybrid single petal type red lotus group 2 2, hybrid single petal type pink lotus group 23, hybrid single petal type yellow lotus group 24, hybrid single petal type multicolor lotus group.

K. Compound valves: 25. Hybrid compound valve Bailian group 26 and hybrid compound valve Huang Lian group.

Small flower group

L, single petal type: 27, hybrid single petal type yellow bowl lotus group.

Meter (abbreviation of meter)) compound valve: 28. Hybrid compound valve White Bowl Lotus Group. It belongs to a thousand petals lotus and is the treasure of flowers. Its growth probability is one in 100,000, and it is an extremely rare plant twin. The famous sentence about Bing Xu's love has been widely circulated in China since ancient times.

Pictured: A rare blooming "ice lotus" grows in the lotus pond in Gu Xiang, Zhuji, Nanxiong City, attracting a large number of tourists and photographers.

Ice lotus is a kind of thousand-petal lotus, which is the treasure of flowers. It combines the essence of lotus and is particularly attractive. Since ancient times, people have regarded Bing Xu's love as a sign of good luck and happiness, and it is the embodiment of kindness and beauty. "Green lotus covers green water, and hibiscus is red and fresh. The famous sentence "Lotus root under the tree, lotus root on the tree" is widely read. According to "Fang Quan North Ancestor" and "Hou Ji Lian Bu", "Taishi two years (AD 266, Western Jin Dynasty), double flowers, combined, the same stem. According to the Genealogy of Group Houses (Volume XXIX): "The lotus with the same head, Jin Taihe (AD 366-37 1) was born in Xuanpu and called Jia Lian. According to Fu Ruizhi, the history of the Song Dynasty, "In the Yuan and Jia Dynasties (424-453 AD, the Southern and Northern Dynasties), there were different flowers and pedicels in Tianyuan Pool in July. Liansheng Jiankang Yeyan Lake has one stem and two flowers. " Quan Zhengxing (A.D. 759-8 18) wrote in Lotus Terrace in Shenlong Temple Canal under Zhongshumen: "The lotus figure in the canal in front of Shenlong Temple has one stem and two chambers. "The above shows that the love of C has been valued by people in ancient times.

Feng Xiaoqing, a Hangzhou poetess in the Ming Dynasty (who was said to have lived in Yangzhou) once wrote: "There is nothing long before Blue Rhyme. I would like to sprinkle a drop of water from the poplar branches as a lotus flower on earth. " Expressed her infinite yearning and blessing for the ice lotus.

Bindilian is a variety of lotus. In fact, it blooms two flowers on a stem, and each flower has its own pedicel, which is connected together on the stem, so some people call it lotus head. Although the legend about it has spread all over the world, which makes people yearn for it, there are not many places where the ice emperor lotus is actually planted. Today, Lin Ting Garden in Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province is the first piece of planting, carefully cultivated, with lush flowers and heavy calyx. The lotus planted in this garden is a thousand-petal lotus with dense petals. In 1985, we counted that a flower has 260 1 petal, which is really worthy of the name. In this way, the flower head is heavy and the pedicel is easy to break, so it needs to be supported by vertical poles to avoid lodging. However, the lotus has never seen any fruit in the blooming flowers.

The frozen lotus in Lin Ting gardens is called "the ancient lotus in the late Yuan Dynasty". According to County Records, Gu Aying, a famous poet in Kunshan at the end of Yuan Dynasty, built a "Yushan Garden" in Zhengyi Dongting Village of Kunshan, with dozens of pavilions, terraces, buildings and pavilions, and lotus flowers planted in the pool. According to legend, lotus species come from Central Asia, and the lotus with double calyx heads, the lotus platform with nine grades and the worship of Guanyin on all sides are rare. There are even thirteen clusters at the top of the flower stem, but the lotus with double calyx heads is even more rare. Zhong You is "brilliant, making friends all over the world, drinking and writing poems, taking pleasure in painting, and the prosperity of literature will be exhausted". At that time, celebrities like Ni Zan and Gao Zecheng often went to the ancient village to enjoy the lotus. According to legend, the bottom of the Dongting Lotus Pond was paved with stone slabs, and the lotus stalks were drilled out of the hole, so they were not dug up and have been passed down to this day.

Zhengyi's "Yushan Jiachu" Garden experienced more than 600 years of vicissitudes, and then it was deserted and desolate, but it was passed down from generation to generation. In the winter of the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), Ye Gongchuo, then Minister of Communications of the National Government, accidentally got Gu Yan, and the poem "Ice Lotus" was engraved on the back, and it was indicated that the lotus came from the Justice Dongting. Ye immediately came to Kunshan to visit Lotus. 1935, Ye initiated the establishment of "Guyuan Site Protection Committee", renovated the garden, renovated the Dongting Lotus Pond, and built a generous pavilion next to the Lotus Pond, a famous gentleman pavilion. According to Ye Gongchuo's research, the ice lotus is definitely a species of Tianzhu. After enjoying the lotus, Ye wrote "Colorful Knots" to commemorate it. Qu Yun: "Formerly known as Jin Su Shang Jun and Qiong Yingdong Pavilion, I hate falling into the vortex of the wind. 600 years later, the root of the spirit is there, just like remembering Luo Chunpo. Hao's anger has subsided, and when he comes back, Jingu will sing. Without interpersonal relationships, red incense can make you cry and dew, which can increase your worries and damage the green moth. I lived in Yetang, moved to Lop and experienced the Ganges River. Remembering the Longhuahui, inviting flowers to laugh, and treating powder tuo with Zen. The sleeping gulls in the depths of the five clouds are safe, and the dust outside has taken away the air. So I can give the abbot Vimo a tree to accompany him. " During the midsummer season, there were many tourists. At that time, the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway made an exception and stopped at Justice Station to enjoy the tourists. For a time, Dongting Lotus Pond became famous.

After liberation, in 1950, the people's governments of Jiangsu Province and Kunshan County decided to restore and develop traditional famous flowers. Later, the county government built a 437-square-meter lotus pond in front of Dongzhai Village of Linting Garden, and moved the ice lotus from Dongting. In addition, we planted pots (altars) and linden trees, and planted more pots (altars). It has been planted for more than 50 years. 1963, Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden also introduced more than 40 kilograms of Chiba Lotus (namely Bindilian) from Kunshan Zhengyi Ancient Garden to the pool on the north side of Yuanxiangtang and in front of Xiangzhou, which blossomed that year and attracted many tourists. There is a flower with thirteen flower hearts in the flower pond, with a total of more than 1400 petals, and the flower droops due to overload. Mr. Lu, a scholar in Suzhou, praised the flowers: "It is not easy to see the whole picture, and 3 thousand lotus flowers always bow their heads." After appreciating it, Mr. Zhou Shoujuan wrote an article and praised it as "unique in color and fragrance, different from all flowers". Since then, the botanical gardens in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou and other places have also introduced plants into Lin Ting gardens, spreading the ice love to other places. The author once saw this kind of lotus species in East Lake, Wuhan, Hubei Province at 1987 (Moshan Botanical Garden in Wuhan East Lake is the lotus center in China), but for various reasons, the unique frozen lotus has not yet formed in various places, so the frozen lotus pond in Lin Ting gardens is still rare in the world today. To this end, Professor Wang Qichao, an expert on lotus research in China, made a special trip to Kunming on 1996 to inspect the frozen lotus in Linting Garden, which was highly appreciated.

Lotus root is a perennial aquatic plant with thin and knotty underground stems. After germination and growth, leaves first and then flowers, leaves are solitary and lotus root tastes light and astringent.

After more than 50 years of cultivation, Kunshan Linting Garden has explored a set of experiences in breeding, management, fertilization and pest control, so that this treasure can show its beauty to tourists every summer.

Batailian can also be planted in various large pots (vats), as long as the planting method is proper and the environment is suitable, it can also bloom normally.

1999, four cylinders of frozen ground lotus were planted in Lin Ting Garden to participate in the Kunming World Expo, which was displayed in Zhu Xiao, Wuzhong, Jiangsu Pavilion. The cylinder is customized by Yixing Taojun Factory, and the color glaze and relief of ice polyester lotus are designed around the basin. The color is elegant and simple, which complements the ice polyester lotus in the cylinder.