Lens knowledge of SLR photography

What are the necessary SLR photography skills for beginners? Below I have compiled the lens knowledge of SLR photography for you. Welcome to read the reference!

Lens knowledge of SLR photography

1. Use the flash carefully. Don't use flash at meetings, stages or concerts. The reason is that your flash will affect others. When you want to take pictures, it will affect the performance of the people on the stage, and other viewers are watching. Secondly, the overhead flash is definitely not enough, because there is? Flash index? This thing! In addition, it also destroys the light and shadow of your own pictures. Corresponding measures, large aperture, improve ISO!

2. pa. When you suddenly find a situation worth shooting, you might as well record this moment, but when there is a front of a character in your photo, or when the character is the main composition object, you should get the permission of the party concerned, or try not to publish it unless you are a reporter. If the parties don't like being photographed, don't take pictures, which is a kind of disrespect. )

Good photo = skillful adjustment of camera+shooting angle+shooting opportunity+correct exposure+inner thoughts+shooting experience.

(1) photography? Ideas?

SLR cameras imitate people's vision, and what you see with your eyes can be accurately restored into photos with SLR cameras and passed on to others, so that they can be there. (personal opinion)

When we pick up the camera to take pictures, the question is in front of us: What do you want to take? Or what do you want to convey through photos, a person, a thing, or a person? The expression of photography is like writing an article. Before writing, you should write for your article? Ideas? Create the central idea of an article. Also known as the entertainment center.

Create a photo? Ideas? This is very important. Don't wait for the same photo? Scrap film? . Looking at a photo is like listening to a song? Incoherent? You can't understand what he is trying to say.

A photo can only be used to explain one thing!

If we try to express many problems in one photo, it can be said that it is a failure. It is also beautiful and interesting to be reluctant to part with many useless elements when composing music. Many beautiful things together cause the observer's visual roaming, thus making? Ideas? Falling.

Painting composition is addition, and simple photographic composition is subtraction. The real photographic composition is to increase information and elements as much as possible without affecting the concept of the picture. Everything depends on the purpose of communication (except for special photography such as photo id or portrait).

(2) Basic knowledge

1. Holding the camera in a correct posture can effectively avoid camera shake. Avoid holding it with one hand. When holding with both hands, one hand holds the camera handle and the other hand holds the zoom or focus ring of the lens. Don't put your hands in a straight line, but form an included angle, which is relatively more stable. When holding the camera, the big arm should clamp the body hard. Relax your small arms, or they will shake easily. The two arms are staggered one after the other to form a stable included angle.

2. Use optical viewfinder or EVF viewfinder. Triangular support is the most stable. Use the optical or EVF viewfinder to find the scenery. Try to avoid using LCD to find views. Because of the optical or EVF viewfinder, people's brow bones can be tightly attached to the viewfinder. With the cooperation of hands, a triangular stable support can be formed.

3. Correct standing posture. When shooting, you should step forward. Don't put your feet in a straight line after one foot. In addition, when shooting, the thighs should be tightened and the calves should be relaxed to avoid the foundation shaking affecting stability.

4. Learn to adjust your heartbeat and breathing. Because of heartbeat and breathing, people are actually shaking at any time. But we can take a deep breath to stabilize ourselves, and then exhale and inhale smoothly. Hold your breath when you press the shutter to minimize jitter.

5, learn to press the shutter half. Don't just press the shutter when you see the scene. The stroke of the camera shutter is divided into two steps, that is, the camera starts autofocus and photometry by pressing the shutter half-way, and then it will start by pressing the shutter fully. Otherwise, you can't measure or focus correctly, the image is virtual and the exposure is not accurate. When you press the shutter, it should be smooth and soft.

6. Exposure within the safe shutter time range.

7. Try to turn on anti-shake when holding it. When installing the tripod, please turn off the anti-shake to avoid the interference of the anti-shake system.

8. Don't take pictures with your camera bag on your back or something in your hand. If you are exposed for a long time, put down all your equipment, and the extra load will make your body out of balance. It is easy to cause physical fatigue and jitter.

9. Find a stable support. If the shutter speed displayed by the metering value is much longer than the safe shutter speed, and there is no tripod at hand, you can find some stable brackets for emergency shooting. For example, leaning against a tree or a wall is more stable than standing without support. The exposure time is 1? In the case of 3 seconds, you can often get good results by pressing the camera tightly on the bracket with both hands to keep it stable. Sometimes, you can put the camera directly on the ground or on the wall to shoot. Its stability is comparable to a tripod. If you are shooting scenery and other objects, you can also put the camera in the camera bag or bean bag to take a selfie. Bean bag is a kind of bag filled with beans or ceramsite, which can be deformed at will and is not easy to wear the camera.

10, make good use of tripods and monopods. ? How does a tripod look at photographers? . The biggest trouble for people who have just started to touch the camera is that the hand holding the camera can't keep steady and shake. Although many cameras have anti-shake function, they can't cope with large jitter. Especially when shooting at night, jitter is more likely to cause inaccurate focus and blurred photos. Besides shooting more and practicing more, shooting with a camera on a tripod is the most reliable.

1 1, make good use of RAW format! If the memory card is large enough for the landscape, use the RAW format. In this way, more light and dark details can be preserved, and it is easier to correct the white balance and tone, which provides the maximum space for post-processing.

(3) aperture

In the lens, there is a circular aperture with variable aperture. This structure is called an aperture. The blades that make up the aperture are called. Aperture blade? . (Theoretically, the more blades, the more natural and round Jiao Wai). The aperture on the fuselage is generally f? For example, F5.6, F8, F 16. We call it aperture value, or aperture for short. The larger the number, the smaller the aperture.

Figuratively speaking, the aperture is the pupil.

The light is dark, the pupils are dilated, and the amount of light entering increases. The light is strong, the pupil is narrowed, and the amount of light entering is reduced.

The aperture size determines the amount of light passing through per unit time. The greater the value of f, the more light passes through. (below)

The function of aperture is similar to the picture below? Valve? The tap switch is very light. (below)

Iso is fixed, the smaller the aperture, the slower the shutter, and the larger the aperture, the faster the shutter.

Conclusion:

Large aperture, shallow depth of field, blurred background. Under the same conditions, increase the shutter speed (shoot more people) (for example, F 1.8).

Small aperture, deep scenery and clear front and back. Under the same conditions, lower the shutter speed (use more large scenes) (such as F22).

Theoretically, the larger the aperture is, the better the imaging quality will be, but with the increase of aperture, the aberration will increase sharply, resulting in poor imaging quality. In addition, a small aperture will produce diffraction (in digital photography, a small aperture will increase the exposure time and make the image appear noise), which will reduce the image quality. Therefore, the best aperture value is the balance point to avoid the above two phenomena, that is, the maximum aperture value is low 1 to level 2. For example, 50 F 1.8, reduce it to F4 for best definition!

(4) Louvers

Shutter is a device for controlling exposure time in camera.

In fact, shutter is short for shutter speed. The so-called shutter speed means that when the shutter is pressed, the mirror turns up, the shutter blade opens to make the photosensitive element photosensitive, and when the shutter blade closes, the photosensitive element stops photosensitive. This time interval is called shutter speed, or shutter for short. In those years when photography was just invented, it usually took several minutes to take a photo. Most cameras don't need a shutter. At the beginning of exposure, take off the lens cover, then look at the watch. After five minutes, cover it and the photo will be finished.

Later, the photographic speed of film became faster and faster (ISO became higher and higher), and the exposure time became one minute, several seconds,110 second or even one hundredth of a second. It's not fast enough to hold the lens cover by hand at this time. We need something that can accurately control the exposure time, and this thing is the shutter. Shutters include mechanical shutter, electronic shutter and electromechanical combination shutter.

Safety shutter: The safety shutter is about the reciprocal of the focal length.

For example, when using a 35mm lens, the shutter speed should not be lower than 1/35s, and when using a 200mm lens, the shutter speed should not be lower than 1/200s, otherwise the picture may be pasted. (Some lenses have anti-shake function, which can still reduce the shutter speed 1-2 under the safety shutter. )

Shutter and aperture match.

If you take a snapshot, you need shutter priority. (Improve iso, short focal length, large aperture, tripod, and all other tools that can accelerate)

Pay attention to the safety shutter when shooting the stage.

1/4000 shutter can capture the moment.

The flow at night is 10s+, and the shutter of the flow is slightly longer, 0.5s and1s..

B-door function, from pressing to releasing, shutter opening and closing time is controlled by yourself.

(5) ISO sensitivity

ISO sensitivity: refers to the photosensitive capacity of photosensitive elements. In the film era, the sensitivity is constant, and a film has only one sensitivity. Because the film is produced by the factory, the amount of silver salt on the film has been decided and cannot be changed. In the digital age, CCD/CMOS is a photosensitive element, and the current generated after receiving light can be adjusted by an amplifier, so the sensitivity is variable. The abbreviation of sensitivity is ISO. The higher the sensitivity, the stronger the sensitivity of the photosensitive element. Under the same aperture shutter condition, the higher the sensitivity, the brighter the picture.

Under the same conditions, the lower the ISO, the better the picture quality! The higher the ISO, the faster the shutter!

Although the high ISO is fast, the enlarged image is rough (that is, the noise is large), so it is impossible to draw a fine picture. Therefore, landscape photography should use the lowest sensitivity! Use high ISO only as a last resort!

For D3 100: It is recommended that 100,200 be sunny. Cloudy day 200? 800, hand-held at night, snapshot 1600, tripod available 100.

(6) Photometric determination and exposure

Photometry is a machine to judge the intensity and brightness of light.

Measurement method: generally, it is matrix, central and point measurement.

1. Don't point to the sky, don't point to the darkest place. Grab the middle value.

2. Because the machine is convenient in the later stage, the automatic exposure will be underexposed, resulting in gray, white and black. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the exposure when encountering white, and reduce the exposure when encountering black!

3. Make good use of measurement methods (weighing measurement, point measurement, center key measurement ...) according to the subject matter you shoot.

4. If you are not sure about metering, please lock the gray things around with AE lock before shooting.

5. For M file, photometry is invalid, but it will affect the information prompt of LCD histogram.

(7) Coke part

The focal length is the focal length range of the zoom lens. Be familiar with the best focal length of the lens in your hand and make good use of the resolution at this time.

Standard lens: 135 camera, with a focal length of about 50MM and a viewing angle of about 43 degrees. The perspective effect of photos taken by standard lens is similar to that of human eyes, which is extremely natural and not exaggerated. Documentary photos can faithfully record what they see by using the title, so most documentary photographers like to use the title, such as French photographer Bresson.

The focal length of the standard lens of different cameras is different, because the definition of the focal length of the standard lens is that the focal length is equal to the diagonal length of the negative. For 35mm film, that is, the film used by 135 camera, the focal length of the standard lens is 50mm, while for other large format cameras, such as 120 camera, the focal length of the standard lens should be about 90 mm..

Wide-angle lens: When the focal length of the lens below 35MM is smaller than that of the pan/tilt, the lens can record images with a larger angle of view, so it is called a wide-angle lens. The perspective of wide-angle lens is exaggerated, showing obvious perspective effect and emphasizing the sense of distance. It is widely used in news photography and landscape photography and will have a strong visual impact.

Medium focus lens: a lens with a focal length of 85 mm ~ 135 mm, which is 1.5 ~ 4 times larger than the focal length of the head, and is generally called medium focus. The photo taken by this focal segment has the smallest deformation, which can correctly reflect the shape of the subject, and it is relatively easy to design it into a super-large aperture. In portrait photography, medium focus is the most commonly used.

Telescope head: a lens with a focal length of more than 200MM has a small sense of distance and can compress the perspective of the scene. (Easy to shake, try to use a tripod)