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Frustrated and down, wandering the rivers and lakes with wine, addicted to the thin-waisted woman favored by King Chu Ling and Zhao's light dance. Ten years of debauchery in Yangzhou seemed like a dream. When I woke up, I got a fickle reputation among prostitutes.

To annotate ...

(1) Down and out: Down and out for the official, without arrogance or rashness, wandering the rivers and lakes. Make pioneering efforts. Chu waist: refers to a beautiful woman with a thin waist. Han Feizi's handle: "King Chu Ling has a thin waist, but there are many hungry people in the country."

⑵ Lightness in the palm of your hand: Zhao, the queen of Emperor Han Cheng, is "light and able to dance in the palm of your hand" (Biography of Flying Swallows).

(3) Ten years: three years at a time.

(4) Brothel: In the past, it referred to exquisite and gorgeous buildings and brothels. Unfortunately: fickle.

Distinguish and appreciate

This work recalls the years in Yangzhou. In 833-835 AD (the year of Emperor Wenzong Daiwa in 7-9), Du Mu was appointed as the shogunate of Niu Senru, our ambassador to Huainan, transferred to the post of minister, and lived in Yangzhou. At that time, he was only thirty-two years old, and the banquet was quite good. As can be seen from this poem, he has a lot of contacts with prostitutes in Yangzhou, and he is a degenerate. Therefore, the memory of the future is a dream and a sigh of nothingness. This is a work of a poet who regrets that life has hurt him and he has no talent. It is not as frivolous, decadent, vulgar and dissolute as some literary histories say, like a dance academy. The essence of the quatrains in the Tang Dynasty says: "A talented person can't see anything more important than time. He wrote this poem, but when he read it, he saw that it was arrogant ... showing all appreciation. "

anonymous

This work recalls the years in Yangzhou. In 833-835 AD (the year of Emperor Wenzong Daiwa in 7-9), Du Mu was appointed as the shogunate of Niu Senru, our ambassador to Huainan, transferred to the post of minister, and lived in Yangzhou. At that time, he was only thirty-two years old, and the banquet was quite good. As can be seen from this poem, he has a lot of contacts with prostitutes in Yangzhou, and he is a degenerate. Therefore, the memory of the future is a dream and a sigh of nothingness. This is a work of a poet who regrets that life has hurt him and he has no talent. It is not as frivolous, decadent, vulgar and dissolute as some literary histories say, like a dance academy. The essence of quatrains in the Tang Dynasty said: "A talented person can't see that it is more important than the times. He wrote this poem, but when he read it, he saw its arrogance and injustice. The world calls Du Mu's poems heroic, and they are not petty, so you can see them. "

The first two sentences of the poem are memories of Yangzhou life in the past: down and out, with wine as a companion; Qin Lou Chu, a beautiful girl, leads a romantic and dissolute life. "Chu people have a thin waist and a light palm", using two allusions. Chu waist refers to the thin waist of a beautiful woman. "King Chu Ling's waist is thin, and there are many hungry people in the country" (Han Feizi's handle). The palm refers to Zhao Yanfei, the queen of Emperor Han Chengdi, who is "light and can dance on the palm" (see the legend of Feiyan). Literally, these two allusions praise the beauty of prostitutes in Yangzhou. However, if we carefully consider the word "down and out", we can see that the poet is very dissatisfied with his situation of being a servant and relying on others, so he does not have a pleasant feeling when recalling his dissolute life. "A dream of Yangzhou in ten years" is a heartfelt sigh of the poet. Seemingly abrupt, it is actually consistent with the above two poems. "Ten years" and "one sleep" are relative in one sentence, giving people a strong contrast between "a long time" and "extremely fast", which shows the poet's deep affection. And this feeling comes down to the word "dream" of "Yangzhou Dream": In the past, I was debauched and bohemian; The prosperity on the surface and the depression in the bones are painful memories and sadness after awakening. This is what the poet gave. Ten years later, Yangzhou was just a big dream. "Brothel with a fickle place of interest"-finally, even the brothel that I once secretly loved blamed myself for being fickle and ungrateful. The word "win" contains bitterness, self-mockery and self-blame. This is a further negation of Yangzhou Dream, but it seems so relaxed and humorous. In fact, the poet's spirit is very depressed. Ten years is not short in a man's life, but he has accomplished nothing and left nothing behind. This is a poem that reveals pain. If you don't recite it repeatedly, you can't understand the feelings that the poet intends to imply.

The predecessors' evaluation of quatrains is: "Three sentences are the main sentences and four sentences are thoughts" (Hu Zhenheng's Tang Yin Gui Qian), and Du Mu's quatrains can be said to be profound. This quatrain begins with reminiscence, the first two sentences are narrative, and the last two sentences are lyrical. Of course, three or four sentences are the original intention of "mourning", but the first sentence "being down and out with wine" is the reason for mourning and cannot be easily let go. In the past, the comments on this poem were completely focused on the author's "waking up in a busy dream and lingering in repentance", which was not comprehensive. The poet's "Yangzhou Dream" life is related to his political frustration. So this poem, in addition to confessing the accident, is full of dreams and unbearable memories.