The sun has been burning for 4.6 billion years. What will happen when the earth burns out in the future?

As a star, the sun has its life span, which is a fact that many people know. Our sun has been burning for nearly 4.5 billion years since its birth. During these 4.5 billion years, it squandered a lot of hydrogen inside every minute. These hydrogen atoms are pressed into helium under the great pressure and temperature inside the sun. In this process, part of its mass is converted into energy, which brings light and heat to the earth and the whole solar system.

(Beautiful sunrise)

At present, 74.9% of the total mass is hydrogen and 23.8% is helium in the solar photosphere. Although 600 million tons of hydrogen is converted every second, it seems that the sun still has enough fuel so far. According to scientists' calculations, the sun will burn all the hydrogen in it in almost 7 billion years, so it seems too early now.

You might say that before the sun completely burned its hydrogen, it had become a terrible red giant. The diameter of this red giant is 100 times or even 250 times larger than that of the present sun. By that time, the sun would have swallowed up the whole earth, and even Mars would not be spared, not to mention the human beings on the earth!

The red giant will engulf the orbit of the earth and even Mars.

Indeed, according to scientific calculations, the sun in old age will expand sharply to 200~250 times its diameter today. According to this ratio, the earth will indeed be swallowed up by the sun. I also posted this picture to scare everyone:

(The sun's red giant engulfs the earth)

However, the fact may not be so terrible, because the sun, which has become a red giant, is probably not so terrible. It may look like the photo below. This is a photo of the red giant "Milla A" 400 light years away from the Earth. It is not the spherical shape of the standard red giant in our impression at all, because the mass of the star is limited. When it expands to hundreds of times its normal diameter, its outermost atmosphere is extremely thin, and there is no obvious photosphere. Except for the bright and blazing core, most of its photosphere has become a corona, even a nebula.

(Red superstar "Milla")

Although it will not be swallowed up soon, the earth will still face the fate of being burnt when it passes through such a thin and hot gas. If only it were farther away from the sun. The planet engine of the wandering planet is not installed on the earth. How can we stay away from the sun? We know that the attraction between stars depends on their mass. The sun converts 4 million tons of mass into energy every second and throws it into space. After 5 billion years, the mass of the sun will be reduced to about 80% now. That is to say, in the next 5 billion years, the attraction of the sun to the planets will become smaller and smaller, the solar wind will continue to be introduced for several billion years, and the earth will be farther and farther away from the sun. Whether it can finally climb to the orbit of Mars or even Jupiter and escape the fate of being burned needs to be calculated.

(planetary engine)

The bad news is that before the day when the sun becomes a red giant, mankind may face disaster. The sun is getting brighter and hotter, and this trend will continue from the day when the sun is born. Scientists believe that in another 654.38 billion years, due to the irreversible greenhouse effect of the earth, the ocean will be evaporated, the land will become a desert, and life will be difficult to survive on the earth.

Therefore, human beings will not wait until the day of burning eyebrows to find a way out. Maybe in tens of millions of years, our descendants will try to move to another planet and build a new home in a better place.

The sun is very important to the earth, and all life on the earth is related to the sun. Plants need sunlight, animals feed on plants or other animals, and also rely on oxygen produced by plant photosynthesis to survive. Their energy source finally points to the sun. Sunlight shines on oceans and lakes, making water evaporate into the atmosphere and move around the world, which brings precipitation to life on earth. The sun can also heat the atmosphere, producing winds and seasons.

It can be said that without the sun, there would be no colorful life on the earth.

According to the theory of star formation and evolution, it is speculated that the burning of stars will last about10 billion years. The sun has been burning for 4.6 billion years and will burn for more than 5 billion years. What will happen when the earth burns out in the future? 1. The distance from the sun to the earth is 65.438+0.5 billion kilometers. After 8.3 minutes, the last light from the sun reached the earth.

The earth will lose light and heat at this time, and the daytime side of the earth will be completely dark.

Second, at the same time, the attraction of the sun to the earth disappears.

The earth will fly out along the tangent direction of the original orbit at a speed of about 30km/s, and the "wandering earth" will become a reality.

Third, all the planets and small celestial bodies in the solar system will be in a mess.

When the earth passes through these random flying small celestial bodies, it may collide with an asteroid or Jupiter with a diameter of tens of kilometers, which depends entirely on the luck of the earth.

Due to the lack of solar radiation, the earth will be completely in the space of MINUS 270 degrees.

The surface temperature drops sharply, and this process will not exceed 100 days.

As the temperature drops, the clouds in the sky will disappear and carbon dioxide will liquefy.

As the main greenhouse gas on the earth, once carbon dioxide is liquefied, the ground facilities will be completely destroyed and covered with ice and snow.

Six, all the oceans will freeze, up to more than a thousand meters thick, and the creatures living on the bottom of the sea will gradually become extinct.

Only microorganisms living on the seabed can survive by relying on geothermal energy. The whole earth will be frozen except in the depths of the ocean.

Seven, the earth has lost the sun's stabilizing effect on the magnetic field, and humans and animals will also lose their way.

Eight, the animals and plants on the earth will be basically extinct.

Animals either freeze to death or starve to death, and plants will dry up without photosynthesis.

The sun is in its prime and is a typical yellow dwarf. The life span of yellow dwarfs is about 65.438+000 billion years. Our sun is about 5 billion years old now, and theoretically there are 5 billion years to live. Eventually, the sun will experience the era of red giant and eventually become a white dwarf.

The terrible helium flash in Liu The Wandering Earth is not fiction, but also has scientific basis. Generally, low-mass stars will flash helium frequently after entering the era of red giants, releasing a lot of energy in just a few minutes, and the earth will vaporize instantly in earth orbit. Stars are mainly composed of hydrogen and helium. Under its own gravitational collapse, the core of the star is in a state of high temperature and high pressure, and hydrogen will undergo nuclear fusion reaction and eventually become helium.

In this way, the star will reach a dynamic balance process, and eventually all the hydrogen in the star will be converted into helium, and the helium in the core will react violently under its own pressure, and finally release huge energy, which is why humans in the wandering earth want to escape from the solar system with the earth.

In the red giant era, the sun will expand rapidly when it enters the red giant era, and eventually the edge of the sun will reach the orbit of Mars, which means that the four terrestrial planets in the solar system will be swallowed up by the sun, but the farther to the periphery, the lower the gas density.

In other words, the earth will move in the hot and expanding gas inside the sun, and all living things on the earth will inevitably become extinct. The speed of the earth is decreasing, and it will eventually plunge into the core of the sun.

The end of a star system means the extinction of life in this star system. The sun will enter the era of red giants for at least three or four billion years. If human beings can develop in a good state for such a long time, they will inevitably fly out of the solar system one day, and the goal is the sea of stars.

Welcome to pay attention to us: scientific black hole! Image source network intrusion. Scientists predict that the life span of the sun is 5 billion years, which means that the sun is in middle age, and we humans have caught up with a good era!

But even a huge celestial body like the sun will one day die because of the exhaustion of fuel! After 3.5 billion years, the sun gradually began to evolve into a red giant, the fuel gradually ran out, and the volume began to expand!

Mercury and Venus, which are closer to the sun, will be swallowed up by the sun. Our earth may avoid being swallowed up, but even if it is not swallowed up, it will only leave a completely dead "corpse", because with the expansion of the sun, the temperature of the earth will rise sharply, all the water on the earth will evaporate, and the atmosphere will be dispersed into interstellar space because of the proximity of the sun!

Therefore, when the solar fuel is exhausted, there is only one way left for the earth, and that is: death!

Since the earth will perish, what should the human beings living on the earth do?

It seems too early to discuss this issue now, even a little alarmist, provided that we are qualified to discuss this issue, that is to say, mankind is fortunate to continue civilization in 5 billion years!

But if human Wen Mingzhen can last for five billion years, do we still need to worry about human beings? Man must have left the earth, the solar system and even the Milky Way!

So, don't think about things after 5 billion years, or get rid of the word "billion" and think more about things after 50 years!

In fact, we are more concerned about the fate of mankind than the fate of the earth. Some people may say, isn't this the same? Now, it's really the same, because for today's human beings, the earth is our home, and we are still babies in infancy, and we can't live without the embrace of the earth.

The sun has been burning for about 5 billion years and will continue to burn for about 5 billion years ... What a coincidence ... If human civilization can survive, it will inevitably leave the embrace of the earth and rush to the vast space. As for where to go, how do I know? ...

In fact, mankind will have to leave the earth in less than 5 billion years, because with the evolution of the sun, the earth is slowly leaving the livable zone, not because the orbit of the earth has drifted, but because the radiation of the sun is becoming more and more fierce.

As we all know, the sun releases energy by fusing hydrogen near the core into helium. In the main sequence of the sun, it will be in equilibrium-the thermal expansion produced by hydrogen fusion just resists gravitational contraction. However, with the continuous progress of hydrogen nuclear fusion, more and more helium will gather near the core, and the core will become heavier and heavier, which will lead to the need for the sun to use more violent hydrogen nuclear fusion to generate higher temperature thermal expansion to resist gravitational collapse.

The more intense the nuclear fusion of hydrogen, the higher the temperature of the sun, so the surface temperature and luminosity of the sun increase year by year with the increase of core helium. According to scientists' calculations, the temperature rise caused by the sun's radiation will make the surface temperature rise to 100 in about1500 million years, which is higher than the boiling point of water at sea level, and the water on the ground will be evaporated!

In fact, long years ago, the earth was no longer suitable for human survival. ...

Fortunately, mankind still has hundreds of millions of years to prepare. Transforming Mars will be the first step in the expansion of civilization, followed by Jupiter and Saturn. There are many planets in the solar system where human beings can emigrate, but this is not a long-term solution after all. Our journey is the sea of stars! After hundreds of millions of years of development, we really can't imagine how far human civilization can go. By then, the sun will no longer be a necessity. If human beings have more feelings in the future, it is not difficult to push the earth out of its current orbit and keep it in a livable zone, or even to other star systems. At that time, will they remember that a science fiction writer named Liu once wrote a science fiction novel The Wandering Earth on the ancient earth?

If they knew, they would think it was too low to push the earth away, so they finally decided to push the sun away and replace it with a young star. Yeah, no problem, # It's scientific #

The sun, the source of life. When the sun goes out, life on earth may not exist.

Everything comes and goes, and scientists predict that the life of the sun is about 654.38+000 billion years.

When the sun goes down, the sun can work normally because of the constant confrontation between the two forces. This confrontation lasted for 10 billion years.

When most of the sun's hydrogen is consumed, the internal nuclear radiation pressure is not enough to resist gravity, and the sun enters the countdown to death.

At this time, the sun with helium core and hydrogen shell began to shrink under its own gravity, and the density and temperature increased accordingly, which triggered the combustion and expansion of the remaining hydrogen in the outer layer of the sun.

This reaction is as fast as lightning, also called' helium flash'.

During this period, the inner core of the sun will contract and expand like the heart, which happens almost every year. This process will last for hundreds of thousands of years until a new balance is finally reached. Its hydrogen shell keeps expanding outward during combustion. The mass of the sun will also be constantly thrown into outer space.

The solar shell will expand greatly and its volume will increase by a billion times. Because its surface becomes larger and appears red or dark red, we call it a red giant.

Astronomers have estimated the end of the earth. After 6.5 billion years, it is predicted that the brightness of sunlight will be 2.2 times that of today, and the average temperature of the earth will be about 60 times higher than now. At the same time, the surface will continue to expand outward, and the end of the earth is coming.

By then, the temperature of the earth will rise sharply. The sun soon occupied most of the sky. Although it turned red, it dazzled the ground and even emitted bursts of smoke. The air was heated by the sun, and began to escape at an accelerated speed, and was blown into the dark universe by the strong solar wind.

The once vast sea changed from fog transpiration to a pot of boiling water, forest trees began to burn in a large area, earthquakes increased and volcanoes erupted one after another. People can clearly see the billowing fire waves, sunspot eddies and occasional flares on the surface of the sun without using telescopes.

At that time, humans on the earth may have already started interstellar escape, or they may perish with other species. The Wandering Earth's background is the human solution in this period, but it is unlikely to go with the earth.

The sun will eventually dry the earth completely. All species will soon burn and turn to ashes. The atmosphere disappeared and lava flowed everywhere. The highest temperature on the surface can reach 3000 degrees Celsius.

When the sun expands gradually, it will mercilessly devour Mercury and Venus one by one. At the same time, the sun's gravity weakens, the planet's orbit moves outward, and its maximum radius is likely to stop near the earth. The temperature around Mars, Jupiter and Saturn will also rise, and Jupiter's icy moons and rings, which are characteristic of Saturn, will be evaporated without a trace.

After hundreds of millions of years, the huge dark red surface will gradually cool down, and the remaining substances will be absorbed by the sun's core and disappear.

The final outcome of helium fusion in the sun's core is to form a white dwarf star in the center, which rotates once per second, and its mass is about 50%-60% of that of Taiyang Yuan.

Planets that have withstood the test of the red giant era will continue to orbit the sun, everything will freeze, and finally the solar system will usher in the end of silence.

Perhaps, humans who fled at that time will develop the solar system into a memorable attraction. Tourist ships will land on larger ruins or planetary debris around the sun.

Near the sun, there may be some debris of planets, dust nebulae, water ice and other substances orbiting the white dwarf. Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars have all had traces of orbiting the sun, and their orbits are far away from the sun.

Maybe we can still see the earth reborn from the fire. Due to the great loss of the sun and its own mass, the earth's orbit may move outward by about 1.3- 1.7 astronomical units, probably near the present asteroid belt.

The new earth is smaller in size and gravity than it is now. The surface becomes black and smooth. The distant mountain peaks are like ice cream that melts and freezes in an instant. Walking on the ground, even during the day, makes people feel like walking on a starry cold lake at night.

Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune farther away, because the mass of the sun decreases, the gravity decreases and the orbits change greatly. Planets or dwarf planets that are far away from the sun may directly escape the constraints of the sun's gravity.

It has become a legend that the rising sun is full of vitality on earth. There is only cold, darkness and death here. Mother Earth passed away.

The "life span" of the sun is about 654.38+00 billion years. It has been burning for 4.6 billion years since its formation and will burn out one day. The sun is a star, or rather a "yellow dwarf". The characteristic of a star is that it constantly releases solar radiation by the internal continuous "hydrogen fusion" reaction, and the light and temperature on the earth mainly come from the solar radiation.

Therefore, the sun is extremely important to the earth. Without the sun, there would be no life on earth. Without the sun, the entire solar system would not be able to maintain its current stable operating structure.

It's a pity that the sun can't last forever. As a "yellow dwarf", its approximate "life span" is only about 65.438+0 billion years, that is to say, the sun will probably continue to "burn" for 5.4 billion years, and then gradually become a "red giant" and a "white dwarf" in the later period. When the sun finally became a "white dwarf", it lost its former "glory".

Although the sun will not burn out completely, the sun that has become a "white dwarf" will lose its ability to nourish the earth, and the whole solar system may collapse completely.

If there were no sun, what would be the fate of the earth? The sun can be described as the "source of life" of the earth.

The sun shines on the earth, allowing organisms to continue photosynthesis and eventually forming a stable ecological chain.

The sun gives heat to the earth, making it a livable environment and avoiding the intrusion of extremely cold and extremely hot temperatures.

The sun gives the earth a stable orbit, which keeps the earth in the livable zone of the solar system for a long time, and there are four seasons changes.

Without the sun, there would be no earth today. And once the sun "burns out", the earth will completely lose its former vitality. After the sun disappears, the earth will completely lose its original light and the temperature will gradually get worse. Although the earth may still exist for a short time, after a certain period of time, the earth will inevitably fall into a dead silence.

Before the sun disappears, if humans can let the earth find a new star, then life may continue. Just like the setting in The Wandering Earth, if humans have enough science and technology to install a "planetary engine" on the earth and drive it to a brand-new planet, there is still hope for the earth to survive in theory, but judging from the current scientific and technological capabilities, this setting is still too "sci-fi", but there is still a long time before the sun burns out, and humans actually have enough time to develop their own scientific and technological capabilities.

The above personal views are for reference only.

Tell the answer directly: the fate of the earth will be exhausted without being swallowed up, without waiting for the sun to burn out. After about/kloc-0.9 billion years, the earth's atmosphere and water will be dried by the sun.

Let's briefly talk about the life process and final destination of the sun: the age of the sun is 4.6 billion years and 5 billion years, but it is universally acknowledged that the life span of the sun can reach about10 billion years, which means that the sun will die in about 5 billion years. Among them, hydrogen can be condensed into helium, which can be burned for another 4 billion years. After the hydrogen is exhausted, the nuclear fusion inside the sun temporarily stops, losing the ability to resist its own huge gravity. Its core will shrink and cause the temperature to rise, but the outer layer of the sun will expand and the surface temperature of the sun will drop, becoming a red giant.

When the core temperature rises to 1 100 million degrees, helium will be ignited and then fused to generate carbon, which will enter the asymptotically branched meganucleus. This burning time will last about 1 100 million years. When all the helium in the sun is converted into carbon, the sun will throw out its shell and form a planetary nebula.

At the same time, the collapse of the core eventually forms a white dwarf with a density as high as 0/0 ton per cubic centimeter/kloc. The sun has a medium mass, so it can't be a neutron star or a black hole formed by a supernova, but only a white dwarf, which is the ultimate destination of the sun.

From the above description, we can see that the sun can still burn for about 5 billion years, but what is the fate of the earth in these 5 billion years? Does it only depend on when the sun burns out? Let's talk about it In fact, in addition to the ultimate destruction of the sun will definitely have an impact on the earth (assuming that the earth will still exist in 5 billion years), there are two other time points that are very unfavorable to the earth.

The first time point-4 billion years later, the hydrogen in the sun will be completely burned out. At that time, the solar shell will expand into a red giant, and the radius of the sun will expand to 2.42 astronomical units (1 astronomical unit = 65438+49 million kilometers, which is the average distance between the sun and the earth), which means that the sun will expand beyond the current earth orbit. If the earth were still there, the sun would engulf the earth. Of course, at that time, the sun will lose about 30% of its mass due to consumption and stellar wind, so it can extrapolate the orbit of the planet, and the earth may be spared. However, according to the latest research, even if the earth is not swallowed up on the spot, it will eventually be swallowed up by the sun because it is very close to the sun.

The second time point-65.438+0.9 billion years later, according to the latest research, when the sun is still in the main sequence star (hydrogen is far from exhausted), the surface temperature is slowly rising, and the sun is getting brighter and hotter. If this trend continues, the earth's water and atmosphere will all evaporate after 654.38+0.9 billion years.

Although the earth exists, human beings will not survive and all living things will become extinct. Without human beings, the earth would have no destiny, and it doesn't matter what the fate of the earth is.

As can be seen from the above, the fate of the earth has changed dramatically before the sun burns out. So human beings should be prepared for danger in times of peace, but don't worry too much. After all, there is still time. As long as we are prepared calmly, we will change the fate of the earth, that is, the fate of mankind. If you want to change the fate of the earth, you can change the sun first. By then, human beings may have reached the Il-level civilization of Calda's Soff Index, and can use the energy of the whole solar system. Transforming the sun is not a big problem, so the fate of our earth will be changed. Of course, it may be unknown whether humans will live on the earth by then.

The sun has been burning for 4.6 billion years, which is calculated by Daxian. How is it calculated?

When the sun burns out, no one knows the fate of the earth, and who knows who is talking about myths and nonsense.

The present history is unclear for a thousand years. If you can understand what happened 4.6 billion years ago, you can only say that you are the leader of heaven, not an ordinary fairy.

Everything in the universe can only be imagined Invisible and intangible, all theories are based on "reasoning", and this "reasoning" means "speaking where you think".

Everything astronomers say is a myth. If you are not a god or a ghost, you can't understand his myth.

This is what people often say: talk to people, talk nonsense, talk to God.

Due to the limited mass of the sun, when the nuclear fusion of the sun is completely over, it will collapse into a white dwarf. However, before becoming a white dwarf, the sun will become a red giant in five billion years.

This red giant has a diameter of 200 million kilometers, the surface temperature of the red giant is as high as 2000 degrees, and the material is very thin. Although the orbit of the earth becomes larger due to the decrease of the mass of the sun, the red giant is likely to swallow the earth into this red giant, so this is the end of the earth.

In fact, before this, the heat of the sun has evaporated all the water on the earth, and the solar wind will blow away all the low-melting substances on the earth, including the atmosphere. The earth has become a fiery "stone ball".

At that time, all the creatures on the earth were extinct. As for human beings, we don't have to worry. At that time, human beings were extinct on the earth. As for whether you can fly out of the earth or the solar system, it depends on how far human science and technology have developed.

After the sun becomes a white dwarf, if the earth is not swallowed up by the sun, the temperature of the earth will slowly drop until it drops to about MINUS 270 degrees. In this long process, because there is no water and air on the earth, there will be no new life! The earth will eventually become a cold, lifeless rock ball.