Related problems of movies

As early as 1829, Joseph Prado, a famous Belgian physicist, found that when an object disappears from people's eyes, the image of the object will remain in people's retina for a period of time. This discovery is called "the principle of visual persistence". According to this principle, Prado invented the "magic disc" in 1832. The "special tray" can make the picture drawn on the zigzag cardboard box move because of the movement, and can also make the generated moving picture visually decompose into various images. The appearance of the "mysterious disc" indicates that the invention of the film has entered the stage of scientific experiment.

1834, the experiment of "removable video disc" in Halner, USA was successful; 1853, Austrian general von Utchetios showed the original cartoon by slide show on the basis of the above invention.

The progress of photography technology is an important prerequisite for the birth of film, and it can also be considered that the development of photography technology provides the necessary conditions for the invention of film. As early as 1826, French W Nieps successfully took the world's first photo, The Scene Outside the Window, with an exposure time of 8 hours. After the first silver plate photography appeared, a photo was shortened to about 30 minutes. Due to the continuous updating and use of photosensitive materials, the photography time has also been shortened.

1840 It only takes 20 minutes to take a photo. 185 1 year. After the wet tincture was made, the shooting speed was shortened to 1 sec. At this time, the shooting of "moving photos" has been successful in the experimental shooting of claudette, Dubosk and others.

From 1872 to 1878, Edward Muybridge, a photographer in San Francisco, USA, took pictures of galloping horses with 24 cameras. After more than six years and countless shooting experiments, he finally succeeded, and then he successfully showed it on the slide. Is that I saw the horse running on the screen. Inspired by this, 1882, the French physiologist Male improved the method of continuous photography, successfully trial-produced a "camera gun", and created a "moving negative continuous camera" based on the "rotating camera" made by another inventor, Qiang Sen. 1888 September, he took moving photos with floppy film. During the period of 1888- 1895, France, the United States, Britain, Germany, Belgium, Sweden and other countries had experiments of shooting and screening. 1888, the Frenchman Renault trial-produced the "optical film machine" to shoot the world's first animated film "A cup of delicious beer".

1889, American inventor Edison invented the film camera. After five years of experiments, he invented the film mirror. He released his movie images in new york, which caused a sensation in the United States. But his film Night Vision can only be watched by one person at a time, showing dozens of feet of film at a time, including horse racing and dance performances. His film Mirror uses the continuous rotation of film to create the illusion of activity. It can be said that the original film invention should belong to Edison. After his film The Mirror was introduced to China, it was called "the peep show".

1895, French brothers Auguste Lumiere and Louis Lumiere successfully developed a "movable film machine" based on Edison's "film mirror" and their own "continuous camera". "Movable film machine" has three main functions: photography, projection and printing. It shoots and shows movies at the speed of 16 frames per second, and the images are clear and stable. On March 22nd, 1895, their first film, The Gate of Lumiere Factory, was a success at the French Science and Technology Conference in Paris. In the same year, on February 28th, 14, they officially released a batch of short documentaries made by themselves to the public, including 12 films such as Train Arrives, Watered Gardener, Baby's Lunch and Factory Gate. The Lumiere brothers were the first people to show films on the screen. Historians believe that the filming and screening of the Lumiere brothers have been divorced from the experimental stage, so they set the first release date of the world film as1February 28, 895. As the birth date of the film, the Lumiere brothers naturally became the "father of the film".

The first movie was used to describe daily life.

The first great director: Morrison

Classical actors in early films: Chaplin and valentino's early films are all "silent films". However, film publishers find that it is more attractive to have a narrator to tell stories and fabricate dialogues between characters. In a few years, all movies will have subtitles, so that when an actor "speaks", he can show what he said. This greatly reduces the need for commentators.

In the early stage of film production, the special effects (special effects) lens of the film cooperates with various technologies. So far, computers have been widely used in film production. Some lens actors just sit in special chairs and do some expressions and actions. The background and plot appearing on the screen are unimaginable, because the film is edited by computer instead of complicated steps, which makes the final copy quality not the same as that of the previous products.

3D movies skillfully use "polarization". It uses human eyes to observe the scenery, uses two parallel movie cameras to represent people's left and right eyes respectively, and shoots two movie pictures with tiny horizontal parallax at the same time. During the screening, the two films are loaded into the left and right film projectors respectively. When the picture is put on the movie screen, it will form a "subtle" left and right double shadow. Special polarized glasses can superimpose the left and right "ghosts" on the retina, and the cranial nerves produce stereoscopic vision effect, thus presenting a series of coherent stereoscopic pictures, which makes the audience feel the magical illusion of the scene.