The concept of creative composition in photography

The concept of creative composition. The Concept and Purpose of Photographic Composition

In the process of learning photography composition, photography lovers should first make clear the basic concept of photography composition and the purpose and function of using photography composition in the shooting process.

Simply put, photographic composition is to compose, combine, configure and arrange all the elements in the picture, so as to get a highly artistic work. Photographic composition is almost the same as painting, both of which are aimed at expressing the theme and aesthetic effect of works, arranging and processing the relationship and position of people and things in a certain space, so as to form an artistic whole from individual or local images.

Every theme, whether grand or simple, important or ordinary, contains visual beauty. When observing specific things in life, such as people, animals, flowers, trees, etc. At this time, photographers should not focus on the attributes of things or their own characteristics, but should find other aesthetic things outside the things themselves, such as shapes, lines, textures, light and shade, colors and so on. Through the use of various modeling methods, the shape, color, texture, three-dimensional sense, movement and spatial relationship of the subject are vividly displayed on the screen, which conforms to human visual laws and gives people a real aesthetic feeling. In other words, the composition should be aesthetic. Really? Beauty is everywhere. For our eyes, it is not the lack of beauty, but the lack of finding beauty? . As a photographer, you should be good at discovering the beauty of different things with your eyes and expressing this beauty with your own camera.

Aperture F3.2 focal length 105mm

Exposure time1160second sensitivity 200

Although the subject of the photo is just a petite damselfly, you can also make a concise composition of the subject by blurring the background and set it off with a single color, so as to get a striking picture.

Concept of creative composition II. Expression of photographic composition elements

In order to make a beautiful picture composition, there must be certain elements in the photographic picture, and the photographer should correctly distinguish, locate and express these elements, so that the overall composition of the picture will be more powerful.

1. Focus on the subject

The picture of a photographic work can be roughly divided into four parts: subject, companion, environment and blank space. The subject is the main part used by photographers to express the theme, the center of the picture structure and the interesting point of the picture, which should occupy a prominent position. It can be an object or a group of objects. It can be said that a picture without a subject cannot be called a complete photographic work.

Generally speaking, there are two ways to highlight the subject: one is to directly highlight the subject, let the subject fill the picture to make it stand out, and then cooperate with appropriate lighting and shooting techniques to make it more eye-catching; The other is the indirect expression of the subject, which is to contrast the subject through the rendering of the environment. At this time, the subject does not necessarily occupy most of the screen area, but it will occupy a more prominent position.

There are eight ways to highlight the subject: ① to express and highlight the subject in a close-up way; (2) Putting the subject in the foreground can not only highlight the subject, but also capture more elements for the picture; ③ Set off the main body with a background that is in sharp contrast with the main body in tone or tone; ④ Emphasize the subject with bright light; ⑤ Blur the background and further highlight the subject; ⑥ Use objects with directional significance such as convergence lines to converge on the main body, which plays a certain visual directivity; ⑦ Set the main body in the center of the screen or slightly to the left or right; ⑧ Use a certain shooting angle to highlight the subject.

Aperture F5.6 exposure time1100s focal length 148mm.

Make use of the color and light contrast between chrysanthemum and background to achieve the effect of highlighting the main body.

2. Accompanying body: Construct the picture plot together with the main body.

Accompanying body refers to an object that forms a certain plot with the subject on the screen and helps to express the characteristics and connotation of the subject. Generally speaking, the main function of foil is to set off the main body. If the theme is a red flower, then the green leaf may be its companion. With accompaniment, the visual language of the whole picture will be more lively. Photographers should pay attention to the following: ① Accompanying body is mainly used to deepen the connotation of the subject, and in the process of performance, it is absolutely impossible to pretend to be the host, regardless of priority; (2) Dealing with the companion is essentially dealing with the plot. Therefore, when choosing a companion, photographers should pay attention to whether it plays a positive role in the subject, and must not copy mechanically and dissociate the subject, so that the picture loses its original meaning; (3) There are two kinds of chaperones: direct expression and indirect expression. Sometimes, the companion does not have to be shown in the picture, but can also construct the picture plot with the main body outside the picture.

Aperture F4.5 Exposure time 1/80s

Focal length18mm sensitivity 400

Use the trunk as the companion of the red maple leaf to make the picture more vivid.

3. Set off the theme with the environment

In the photographic picture, besides the subject and partner, we can also see that some elements are components of the environment, which play a certain role in setting off the subject and the plot and strengthen the expressive force of the theme. For the object in front of the subject, which is an inseparable part of the environment, it is called foreground; What is behind the subject is called background.

prospect

The foreground is located in front of the main body, close to the camera, characterized by large imaging in the picture, generally located around the picture. The object of using foreground is usually flowers, trees or people.

The use of different foreground plays different roles in the picture. ① Using some flowers and trees with seasonal and local characteristics as the foreground can further render the seasonal atmosphere and local colors, so that the picture has a strong flavor of life. ② Foreground can enhance the sense of space and perspective. (3) The foreground can highlight the generalization of the picture content. When expressing some rich things, putting the most characteristic part of the things to be expressed in the foreground can further strengthen the content to be highlighted in the picture. ④ Contrast the foreground and background scenery and deepen the theme. ⑤ The prospect gives people a subjective sense of status. For example, using doors, windows, buildings and other distinctive things as the foreground can make them occupy a larger position in the picture, which can make the viewer have an immersive intimacy. ⑥ The application of foreground can enhance the sense of balance in the picture. ⑦ Some blurring of prospects can give people a hazy aesthetic feeling.

Exposure time 1/800s focal length 50mm sensitivity 100

The use of foreground makes the picture more stereoscopic.

background

Background refers to the scenery behind the subject to set off the subject, which plays an important role in highlighting the image and enriching the connotation of the subject.

In the process of photography, photographers should pay attention to three aspects when choosing the background of the picture: one is to grasp the characteristics, the other is to strive for simplicity, and the third is to have color contrast. First of all, photographers should be good at capturing some scenery with local characteristics, and make clear the premise of the incident with time and place as the background, so as to facilitate appreciation of the works. Secondly, the background processing should be concise. Photography itself is? Subtraction? In the process of photography, the unnecessary obstacles in the background are subtracted to achieve a concise and refined picture. Photographers can use a variety of photography techniques to achieve this effect. For example, you can avoid the messy scenery on the ground with a clean sky as the background; Taking the road, water surface and grassland as the background, the main outline can be clear and a concise background can be obtained; Using backlight, the messy lines in the background are hidden in the shadow; Blurring the messy background with a telephoto lens will make the subject more prominent. These methods can get concise background effect. Furthermore, the background should strive to form a tone or tone contrast with the main body, so that the main body has a three-dimensional sense, a sense of space and clear outline lines, thus strengthening visual power.

Background processing is an important link in the structure of photographic pictures. Only by careful selection in shooting can the picture content be refined and accurate, and the visual image be perfectly expressed.

Aperture F 16 exposure time 1/250s

Focal length 95 mm sensitivity 200

With the blue sky and white clouds as the background, it not only highlights the main body, but also makes the picture more vivid and vivid.

4. Blank: Create the artistic conception of the picture

In addition to the visible objects, there are some blank parts on the photographic screen, which are composed of a single-tone background, forming gaps between the objects. A monochromatic background can be sky, water, grassland, land or other scenery. Due to the use of various photographic means, these scenes have lost their original physical image, forming a single color tone on the screen to set off other objects.

Although the blank part is not a solid object, it plays an inestimable role in the picture. First of all, leaving a certain blank on the screen is the need to highlight the subject. To make the subject more visually impactful, it is necessary to leave a certain gap around. If you put the subject in a pile of messy objects, it is difficult to appreciate its beauty. Only by leaving a certain space around the subject will the whole picture be attractive. Secondly, the blank on the screen helps to create the artistic conception of the screen. If a picture is all physical, there is no blank, it will give people a feeling of depression. Only by leaving the blank of the picture just right can people's vision have room for manoeuvre and their thinking can change. Of course, photographers should pay attention to the area ratio of blank to solid objects. It's best not to let them occupy the same proportion in the picture, otherwise the picture will look dull. Furthermore, blank space can give the object a certain activity space. Especially when shooting people or things with forward momentum, there is a certain blank in front of the picture, so that the moving objects have room to stretch, which is also in line with the viewer's visual habits.

Aperture F8 exposure time1125s

Focal length 24 mm sensitivity 100

There is a certain space in the picture, which has more visual impact.

Concept 3 of creative composition. Common composition skills

It is not enough to know some theoretical knowledge of photographic composition. For beginners, it is more important to master some basic and practical photographic composition skills. Only in this way can we get twice the result with half the effort in the actual shooting process.

1. Simplified version of Golden Section: Trigonometry and Jiugongge Composition

Triangular synthesis

? Trigonometry? Actually, it's just? Golden section? Simplified version, its basic purpose is to avoid symmetrical composition. Triangular composition can be divided into horizontal trisection and vertical trisection. It refers to dividing the picture into three equal parts, each of which can be placed in the center of the subject, which is suitable for expressing the subject with multi-form parallel focus. It can represent not only large spaces and small objects, but also small spaces and large objects. Triangular composition is concise and can clearly express the theme, which is one of the composition rules commonly used by photographers. For example, when shooting landscape works with the horizon, in order to avoid the rigidity of the whole picture caused by the horizon in the middle of the picture, the photographer should consider putting the horizon in one third of the picture. When shooting portraits, photographers should also avoid arranging characters in the middle of the picture, and should put them on the three-point line of the picture as much as possible, so that the visual sense will be stronger.

Aperture F5.6 Exposure time11600s

Focal length 55 mm sensitivity 200

After the snow, the seaside landscape is shown in the form of horizontal trisection composition.

Aperture F5.6 exposure time 1/200 seconds

Focal length 55 mm sensitivity 100

Arrange the position of the text in the form of vertical bisection composition

Jiugongge composition

Jiugongge composition, also known as tic-tac-toe composition, actually belongs to a form of golden section. Jiugongge composition is to divide the picture into nine blocks on average and arrange the main position at any of the four corners of the central block. In fact, these points are consistent. Golden section law? , is the best location for pictures. Jiugongge composition can make the picture change, dynamic and more dynamic. Of course, these four points also have different visual senses. The upper two points are more energetic than the lower one, and the left one is stronger than the right one. But the point is to pay attention to visual balance.

Aperture F 16 exposure time115s

Focal length 200 mm sensitivity 200

Arrange the theme by using the composition form of Jiugongge

2. A-shaped and triangular composition with strong sense of stability

A shape composition

A-shaped composition refers to arranging the structure of the picture in the form of a word in the picture. A-shaped composition has a strong sense of stability, and the pictures taken by this composition form have upward impact and strong visual guidance. It can be used to express this form of tall natural objects and objects themselves. In the process of shooting, if the subject to be shown is placed at the junction of the top of A, it can play a mandatory visual guidance role.

Aperture F 13 exposure time 1/60s

Focal length18mm sensitivity 100

Use A-shaped composition to represent the tall Eiffel Tower.

3. Mouth-shaped composition to increase the sense of existence

Mouth composition is also called frame composition. Generally, this composition is mostly used in the foreground, such as using doors, windows, mountain passes, frames, etc. As a way to express the theme and clarify the prospect of the environment. This form of composition is more in line with people's visual experience, and viewers can watch images through doors or windows, thus creating a stronger sense of realistic space and a certain perspective effect.

Aperture F5.6 exposure time 1/640s.

Focusing 25 mm sensitivity 100

Use picture composition to guide the audience's line of sight

4. Full dynamic S-shaped composition

S-shaped composition is also called zigzag composition. When the main outline of the picture is basically S-shaped or zigzag, it constitutes an S-shaped composition.

S-shaped composition has a strong dynamic effect, which is both dynamic and stable. It is not only suitable for expressing the natural ups and downs of mountains, rivers and regions, but also suitable for expressing the curves of human bodies or objects, especially the beautiful lines of women, which is more expressive.

Aperture F 1 1 exposure time 1/640s.

Focal length 200 mm sensitivity 800

Show the shape of the river with S-shaped composition.

5. V-shaped composition as foreground

V-shaped composition is the most varied composition method, mainly in the arrangement of directions. Whether placed horizontally or vertically, the intersection point must be centripetal. When the V-shape is used alone, the picture is unstable, but when used twice, the picture not only has centripetal force, but also has a sense of stability. The foreground is generally composed in a positive V-shape, and the frame structure with it as the foreground is more likely to highlight the main body.

Aperture F4.5 exposure time 1/280s

Focal length17mm sensitivity 200

V-shaped composition is used to express the shape between mountains.

6. Concentrate on the central combination of strength

Central composition is also often called circular composition. With this composition method, a strong impression film can be taken, which is stable and concentrated. The existence of this composition method is based on the concrete form of the subject and people's imagination, thus forming a circular impression; The other is a composition form formed by real circular objects. This circular structure can be divided into two types: the outer ring is a natural solid structure and the inner ring is a hollow structure, such as pipes and steel pipes. The composition of the outer circle is the composition of the solid circle, which mainly uses the changing effect of the main body arrangement in the circle to express the form. The inner circle is formed by passing through a circular object with a certain length, such as a steel pipe. Photographers observe and photograph objects on the other side through the inside of the steel pipe at one side of the steel pipe mouth. Therefore, the perspective effect produced by the composition of the inner ring is very powerful.

Aperture F 13 exposure time 1/640s focal length 24 mm

Expressing village form with central composition

7. c-shaped combination

C-shaped composition has the characteristics of curve beauty. Photographers should pay attention to arranging the subject in the gap of the C shape when shooting the subject with this composition method, so that the viewer's line of sight will move to the subject with the arc of the C shape. In the specific shooting process, the direction of C-shaped composition can be adjusted at will. Under normal circumstances, it is mostly used for industrial, architectural and other topics.

Aperture F22 exposure time 1/250 seconds

Focal length 58 mm sensitivity 400

C-shaped composition is used to express the natural and beautiful form of lake shore.

8. Horizontal line composition and vertical line composition

Horizontal line composition

Horizontal line composition can make the picture quiet, broad and broad. In the actual shooting process, a single horizontal line, such as the horizon, often appears in the picture. At this point, the photographer should pay attention to the placement of a single horizontal line, because if the horizontal line is improperly placed, it will have the effect of splitting the picture. When multiple horizontal lines fill the picture, the photographer can arrange the main position on a certain section of some lines, so that some horizontal lines will have the effect of changing the broken line. This method can not only highlight the main body, but also play a certain decorative role in the picture.

Aperture F8 exposure time 1/4000 seconds

Focal length 35mm sensitivity 100

Shoot a calm sea with a horizontal composition.

Vertical line composition

Vertical lines symbolize strength, solemnity and fortitude. Generally speaking, there are more natural vertical lines than horizontal lines in photographic composition, such as trees, poles and columns. Generally speaking, vertical composition is more diverse than horizontal composition.

In the process of composition, if a single vertical line is set improperly, it is easy to split the picture. However, when there are many vertical lines in the picture, the changes are more relative to the horizontal lines, such as symmetrical arrangement perspective and multi-row perspective, which can produce unexpected effects.

Aperture F5.6 exposure time 1/4000 seconds

Focal length 50 mm sensitivity 400

Shoot a vertical and neat flagpole with a vertical line composition

9. Diagonal composition

Diagonal composition is a very famous composition expression method. Diagonal composition In a picture, there are two kinds of diagonal relationships formed by lines, one is the diagonal effect of a two-dimensional picture in an intuitive sense. The other is the stereoscopic effect, which can make the picture have a strong sense of movement and show a certain sense of depth. Its linear perspective will turn the subject into a diagonal line and guide people's eyes to the depths of the picture. In the specific photographic composition, in addition to the obvious diagonal lines, there are also diagonal lines that people feel visually, which are expressed as visual abstract lines produced by the shape, tone and light of the body. Therefore, the grasp of linearity is the key to the use of lines in photographic composition.

Aperture F4.5 exposure time 1/400 seconds

Focal length 30mm sensitivity 100

The diagonal composition is used to shoot the bridge, which makes the picture more stereoscopic.

10. Composition of convergence line

Convergence line refers to a line that converges to a certain point in the picture, which can be a real solid line or a visual abstract line. The convergence line can strongly express the sense of space in the picture, making people feel the three-dimensional sense in the two-dimensional plane picture. The sharper the convergence line in the picture, the stronger the sense of depth of perspective. Because a wide-angle lens can produce a perspective effect of near-large and far-small, a stronger perspective effect can be achieved by adjusting the focal length of the lens and choosing a suitable shooting angle. When shooting people or other subjects, photographers can consider placing the subject in the center of the convergence line, thus playing a certain role in visual guidance and achieving a kind of? Force the audience to watch? Effect.

Aperture F6.3 exposure time 1/400 seconds

Focal length 78mm photosensitive 100

Using the composition of convergence line, the depth of the picture is very strong.

1 1.

Irregular curve composition. Curves symbolize softness, romance and elegance, which will give people a very beautiful feeling. In photographic composition, curves are widely used, such as human body photography, which mainly presents the curvaceous beauty of human body. There are many ways to express curves. Photographers should pay attention to the general axis direction of curves when composing with curves. Diagonal, S-shaped, horizontal and vertical can be used comprehensively. When curves and other lines are comprehensively used, their effects can be highlighted, but the problem that comes with them is more difficult to grasp.

Aperture F6.3 exposure time 1/800s focal length 9mm.

Photograph the winding river with curve composition.

12. Closed and open composition

Closed composition

Closed composition and open composition are two different concepts of photographic composition. Closed composition emphasizes the harmony and rigor of the whole picture, and the picture has a certain integrity. It is a common expression technique in traditional photography, fine arts and other art categories, and is more suitable for expressing some harmonious and aesthetic scenery themes and some calm, beautiful and serious characters or documentary scenes.

Aperture F3.5 Exposure time11600 seconds

Focal length18mm sensitivity 100

Closed composition, the picture has a certain integrity.

Open composition

Open composition is the opposite of closed composition, which emphasizes the flexibility of the picture. In the layout of picture elements, we pay attention to its influence on the outside of the picture and emphasize the connection between the inside and the outside of the picture. It does not pay attention to the balance and rigor of the picture, but pays more attention to the elements left in the picture, so that the viewer can gain more imagination. Open composition is more suitable for life scenes with strong sense of action and certain plots.

Aperture F3.5 Exposure time11600 seconds

Focal length 55 mm sensitivity 100

Open composition, the picture has some flexibility.

The above is what I shared, which is the whole content of the concept of creative composition of photography. Welcome to read the collection!