Famous German architects and engineers and their works.

Baehrens is a pioneer of modern architecture and industrial design in Germany. 1886- 189 1 year, Bach Luns received art education in Hamburg Arts and Crafts School, and later switched to studying architecture. From 1893, he became a member of the Munich separatist group; Join a group of seven artists, architects and designers from 1900 to start architectural design activities; From 1907, he became the initiator and leader of deutscher werkbund; In the same year, he was hired as an art consultant by AEG, a German general electric company, and began his career as an industrial designer.

1909, Baehrens designed the steam turbine manufacturing workshop and machinery workshop of AEG of German General Electric Company, which abandoned the traditional additional decoration in the architectural form and was called the first truly modern building with simple and spectacular appearance.

In addition to architectural design, Baehrens also designed many products for AEG, such as electric kettle, electric clock, electric fan and so on. These designs are undisguised and far-fetched, so that the machine can be expressed in its own language in the home environment. Baehrens has played a great role in AEG, a large company with centralized management. He is fully responsible for the company's architectural design, visual communication design and product design, which makes this huge and complex company establish a unified and complete distinctive image and create a precedent for modern company identification schemes. The logo of AEG has been used to this day and has become one of the most famous symbols in Europe.

Baehrens is also an outstanding design educator. His students include Gropius, Mies and Corbusier, who later became the greatest modern architects and designers in the 20th century.

Walter gropius (1883- 1969)

Gropius was born into an architect's family in Berlin, and studied architecture in Berlin and Munich when he was young. He has been working in Baehrens' office since 1907. 19 10, he set up an architectural firm in Berlin in partnership with Meyer, and the following year he designed the Fagus factory with large glass curtain walls and corner windows.

19 19, Gropius founded Jianguo Architectural School in Weimar, Germany, aiming at cultivating new design talents. The school attaches importance to basic training and gradually forms basic courses featuring plane composition, three-dimensional composition and color composition. The school advocates the unity of art and technology; Pay equal attention to practical ability and theoretical accomplishment; Emphasize that the purpose of design is people, not products; It is advocated that while mastering handicrafts, we should understand the characteristics of modern industry and follow the natural and objective laws to design. 1925, persecuted by the reactionary government, Bauhaus moved to Dessau. Gropius promoted some excellent teachers, improved teaching plans and facilities, and designed a new Bauhaus school building.

1928, Gropius resigned as president of Bauhaus under various pressures. From 65438 to 0937, Gropius went to Harvard University as the head of the Department of Architecture and founded Concord Design Office.

Gropius is the most important designer, design theorist and founder of design education in the 20th century. His influence on modern design in the 20th century is immeasurable.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886- 1969)

Miss was born in an ordinary stonemason family in Germany. From 65438 to 0907, he and Gropius worked together in Bachlens' office, which was greatly influenced by Bachlens. 1928, he put forward the famous saying that less is more and advocated pure and concise architectural expression. 1929, Mies designed the German Pavilion of the Barcelona International Expo. Its spacious interior space and elegant and simple modern furniture made him the most attractive modern designer in the world at that time.

1930, Ms. Smith served as the third principal of Bauhaus, striving to transform the school into a pure design education center. He believes that only architectural design can make design education develop healthily, so this practice of focusing on architecture combined with other majors has been running through Meese's term of office. However, the political atmosphere is deteriorating. 1933 When the Nazi government came to power, the first order issued by its Ministry of Culture was to close Bauhaus, thus ending its school-running history of 14.

1938, Miss moved to the United States and became a professor of architecture at Illinois Institute of Technology. Through his life's practice, he laid a distinctive modernist architectural style and influenced several generations of modern architects and designers. Few people have such a great influence on modern architecture. Tom Wolfe, an American writer, once mentioned in his book "From Bauhaus to the Present" that the Mies principle has changed the skyline of one third of the world's metropolises, which is not an exaggeration and reflects his important role and influence.

Najib (laszlo Moholi-Najib, 1895- 1946)

Born in Hungary, Najib was mainly engaged in painting and graphic design in his early years. Najib 192 1 came to Bauhaus, and 1923 took over Eaton, taking charge of the basic course teaching of Bauhaus. Najib emphasized the rational understanding of form and color, and paid attention to the relationship between point, line and surface. Through practice, students learned how to objectively analyze the composition of two-dimensional space, and then extended to the composition of three-dimensional space, which laid the foundation for design education and also meant that Bauhaus began to turn from expressionism to rationalism. At the same time, Najib also served as a tutor in metalworking workshop, and devoted himself to educating students to engage in internship through the combination of metal and glass, which opened up a new road for lamp design, and many Bauhaus's most influential works appeared here. He tried to make students' artistic expression change from personal position to more rational position, and scientifically understand and master new technologies and new media. The metal products he instructed students to make all have very simple geometric shapes, but they also have clear and appropriate functional characteristics and performance.

After the dissolution of Bauhaus, Najib founded the new Bauhaus in Chicago, USA on 1937. As a continuation of the original Bauhaus, he introduced a new method to creative education in the United States, but most of the graduates of this school were employed as artists, craftsmen and teachers, rather than industrial designers. The new Bauhaus later merged with Illinois Institute of Technology.

Brower (Marcel Brewer, 1902- 198 1)

Brower was born in Hungary, studied at Vienna Art Institute in 1920, and later became the first batch of Bauhaus students. After graduation, I worked as a teacher in the furniture department of Bauhaus and presided over furniture workshops. There, brower made full use of the characteristics of materials to create a series of simple, lightweight and functional steel tube chairs suitable for mass production, with light and elegant shapes and simple structures, which became his greatest contribution to modern design in the 20th century.

1932- 1934 He mainly works in Switzerland and is engaged in furniture design. 65438-0935 began to study plywood molding furniture, standardized modular unit furniture, interior design and standardized modular unit housing. 1937- 1946 brower used to teach at the School of Architecture of Harvard University. 1947, brower designed his own house in Connecticut; The UNESCO headquarters in Paris is designed at 1953- 1958. 1963- 1966, and he also designed the Whitney Museum in new york. Brower skillfully handled wood and stone in the natural relationship, forming a unique style.

Brower believes in industrialized mass production and strives to standardize furniture and building components. He is a real functionalist and a pioneer of modern design.

William Wagenfeld (1900- 1990)

Born in Bremen, Germany, Wagenfeld worked in a silverware factory in his early years and received art education. He studied and taught in Bauhaus from 65438 to 0923. In Bauhaus's metal workshop, Wagenfeld designed the famous chrome-plated steel tube desk lamp, which is still in production today. Wagenfeld opposes the self-centered design concept. He claimed that industrial design is a collaborative activity and has nothing in common with artists' work. He denies that function is the decisive factor of form, and thinks that function is not the ultimate goal, but the premise of good design. This change in concept and his ability to adapt to industrial production enabled him to continue to work as a major designer during the Third Reich, which was rare among his former Bauhaus colleagues.

1929 began to get design commissions from furniture, ceramics, glass and other industries. 193 1- 1935 was hired as a professor at the National Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin. 1935 was hired as the artistic director of Lautz Glass Company. As a result of improving the quality of products, he designed particularly exquisite glass products, which made him gain an international reputation. His main works are molded glassware, such as wine glasses used in restaurants and restaurants, commercial bottles and cans, and modular kitchen containers and plates. These products are not decorative, but emphasize simple lines and subtle shape changes, and explore the plastic characteristics of glass in a controlled way.

After the war, Wagenfeld continued to engage in design education during his tenure at the German Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Fine Arts. From 65438 to 0954, Wagenfeld became an independent designer and designed many excellent lamps. In these designs, the rigid geometry of the bulb is relieved by a more organic plastic lampshade.

As one of the most famous German designers involved in mass production, Wagenfeld has further developed the potential of industrial design in a more specialized production system.

Brand (Marianne Brandt, 1893- 1983)

Brand entered the Royal Saxon College on 19 1 to study painting and sculpture, and established his own studio on 19 17. 1923, Brand entered the metalworking workshop of Bauhaus to study. Influenced by Najib, she combined emerging materials with traditional materials and designed a series of innovative and functional products, including her famous teapot designed in 1924. Her design adopts geometric form and conveys her practical function with simple and abstract elements. Brands are also very concerned about mass production. 1927, she designed the famous Youkang stage lamp with flexible neck, stable base, simple and beautiful shape, good functional effect and suitable for mass production. Becoming a classic design also marks the maturity of Bauhaus in industrial design.

After leaving Bauhaus, Brandt still designed metal products for a period of time, but later Brandt mainly engaged in painting, sculpture and teaching in some colleges and universities, and never reappeared the glory of Bauhaus.

Brand is an important figure in the history of modern design, not only because she created many of the most beautiful and durable metal products in the 20th century, but also because she occupies a place in the male-dominated field of metal product design. Later, Brand recalled that when she was studying in Bauhaus, she could only be assigned to do some boring and repetitive work before she was widely recognized and accepted. In the end, Brand became one of the most famous designers trained by Bauhaus, and one of the few female designers who were not from the fabric workshop. To this day, some of her designs are still in production.

Porsche (1875- 195 1).

Porsche was born in Bohemia and has been engaged in automobile design for many years. By 19 10, he has made some achievements in the study of the relationship between aerodynamics and automobile modeling and has become an expert in streamline theory and practice.

In 1930s, Germany's emerging expressways inspired people's great enthusiasm for streamlining. For example, both Maysanders and Ba Gaulias have produced excellent models suitable for expressways, which combine streamline with strict European body design traditions. The most representative is a small and cheap car designed by Porsche for Volkswagen. Its prototype is designed between 1936- 1937, and it is also one of the earliest cars of Volkswagen. Compared with the rigid geometric language of modernism, its organic form is more interesting, easier to understand and accept, and it is very popular once it is introduced. Hitler himself attended the opening ceremony of 1937 Volkswagen Beetle and picked up the car, expressing his appreciation. However, when the war broke out in 1939, the mass production of the car was interrupted and more than 300,000 orders could not be fulfilled. During the war, the automobile factory could only produce military vehicles until 1945, when the British occupation army first resumed the mass production of this vehicle in Germany, and then Volkswagen began to produce it. By the 1950s, the Beatles, as the preferred means of transportation for the emerging middle class, had become a symbol of German revival.

Colani (1926-)

Colani was born in Berlin. He studied sculpture in Berlin in his early years, then went to Paris to study aerodynamics, and was in charge of the new material project in California from 65438 to 0953. This experience makes his design have the characteristics of aerodynamics and bionics, showing a strong sense of modeling. At that time, German design circles tried to promote rational design based on system theory and logic priority theory, while Corrani tried to jump out of the circle of functionalism, hoping to increase interest through freer modeling. He designed a large number of works with extremely exaggerated shapes and was called a design geek.

As early as 1950s, he designed sports cars and motorboats for many companies, including the world's first single sports car, BMW700( 1959). In 1960s, he made remarkable achievements in the field of furniture design. Later, Corrani used his imaginative creative techniques to design a large number of vehicles, daily necessities and household appliances. Although it is not 100% excellent design, it does have extremely high modeling quality and has been widely recognized by public opinion and the public. At the same time, they are also severely criticized by design institutions that insist on modernism. Colani said: The earth is round, all interstellar objects are round, they move in circular or elliptical orbits ... even we ourselves are bred from the cells of circular species. Why should I join the people who make everything angular? I will follow Galileo's creed: my world is round, too.

As one of the most famous and controversial designers in the 20th century, some people think that he is deviant, while others worship him as a genius and a saint. Corrani, on the other hand, thinks that all his inspiration comes from nature: all I do is imitate the truth that nature reveals to us.

Rams (dieter rams, 1932-)

Ramses studied architectural design and interior design at the Wiesbaden School of Applied Arts in Germany, and later engaged in design activities as a professional industrial designer. In the mid-1950s, Brahms and other young designers were employed by Braun Company, which was unknown at that time, set up a design department and established a cooperative relationship with Ulm Institute of Modeling. Gu Glodt, director of the product design department of the Institute, developed a systematic design method, and Ramses became an active practitioner of this theory. 1956, Brahms and Gugeluo designed a combination device of radio and record player. This product has a fully enclosed white metal shell and a plexiglass cover, which is called the White Princess's box. 1959, they put the system design theory into practice and designed a combination of pocket record player and radio. Different from the previous sound combination, the record player and the radio are separable standard components, which are very convenient to use. This building block design is the beginning of hi-fi equipment design in the future. By the 1970s, almost all companies had adopted this modular combination system.

Brahms gradually improved the system design method in practice, and extended it to furniture and even architectural design, making the whole space orderly, rigorous and concise, which has also become one of the design characteristics of Germany.

The formal feature of system design without decoration is called reduction style, and neutral colors are advocated in color: black, white and gray. Brahms believes that simple style is only the result of solving system problems, providing maximum efficiency and eliminating social chaos. He said: the best design is the least design, so it has always been regarded as a new functionalist by design theorists.

Esslinger (Esslinger, Hardtmuth, 1944-).

Esslinger studied electronic engineering at Stuttgart Institute of Technology in his early years, and then studied industrial design at a design school. This experience allowed him to combine technology and aesthetics perfectly. From 65438 to 0969, Esslinger established his own design office in Hesse. 1982, he designed a bright green TV set named frog for Jia Wei company, which was a great success, so Esslinger took frog as the logo and name of its design company.

The design of Frog Company not only keeps the rigor and conciseness of Ulm School of Design and Braun Company, but also has the novelty, grotesque and gorgeous of postmodernism. Its design concept is that form follows passion, and sometimes it is even playful. It is unique in the field of design and has greatly changed the design trend at the end of the 20th century. Esslinger once said: The purpose of design is to create a more humane environment. My goal has always been to design mainstream products into art. The outstanding performance of Frog Design Company has greatly enhanced the status of industrial design profession, showing the world that industrial designers are the basic members of the industry and one of the creators of contemporary cultural life. Esslinger appeared on the cover of Businessweek with 1990, which is the only honor the designer has won since Lowe 1947.

Esslinger is undoubtedly one of the most famous and successful industrial designers in the world today. He redefined the concept of modern consumer aesthetics with his breakthrough design. 1992 won Lowe Lifetime Achievement Award, and many designs were regarded as classic collections by new york Museum of Modern Art.. The frog design company led by him constantly creates novel, peculiar and interesting products with its avant-garde and even futuristic style, especially in high-tech products.

Ritveld (Gerrit Rietveld, 1888- 1964)

Born in Utrecht, Ritveld is a famous master of architecture and industrial design in the Netherlands and an important representative of de stijl in the Netherlands. He is very fond of simple lines and colors for mass production, and this simple design concept has deeply influenced the future design field.

Ritveld designed the Red/Blue Chair, an important classic of modernist design movement, in 19 17, which vividly explained de stijl's abstract art theory in the form of a practical product. He designed a zigzag chair at 1934. The legs, seat and backrest of the chair get rid of the traditional chair shape, which saves space very much. This chair is one of the most representative works of this master. 1925, Ritveld designed the interior design and furniture design of the shroud residence in Utrecht, and the style of this building is the three-dimensional embodiment of de stijl.

Style school has a great influence on the formation of world modernist style. Its simple geometric form, neutral color scheme (white, black and gray), cubist modeling and rationalist structural characteristics became the standard symbols of internationalist style between the two world wars.

Tea finch (Walter Darwin, 1883- 1960)

Teague is one of the earliest professional industrial designers in America and a very successful graphic designer. His design career is closely related to Kodak, the world's largest photographic equipment company. 1927 designed a camera bag for Kodak, and 1936 designed a banteng camera for Kodak. This is the earliest portable camera, and the basic components of the camera are compressed to the basic level, which provides the prototype and development foundation for the modern 35mm camera. He works closely with technicians and is good at solving functional and technical problems by using aesthetic methods of design, which is an important feature of American industrial designers. Teague developed a design system to design the whole product line for enterprises, which made him one of the most successful industrial designers in the early days of America.

1955, Teague's design company cooperated with Boeing's design team to complete the design of Boeing 707 jumbo jet, which not only made Boeing aircraft have a very simple and modern appearance, but also created the classic interior design of modern passenger aircraft.

Luo Wei (Raymond Loewy, 1889- 1986)

Luo Wei was born in Paris, France, and later moved to the United States. He is one of the important founders of American industrial design. Engaged in industrial product design, packaging design, graphic design (especially corporate image design) all his life. He has been involved in thousands of projects, from coca-cola bottle to NASA's airborne laboratory program, from cigarette packs to the inner cabin of Concorde. His designs are extremely extensive, representing the all-round characteristics of the first generation of American industrial designers, and have achieved amazing commercial benefits. Luo Wei began to design locomotives, cars, ships and other means of transportation in 1930s, and introduced streamlined features, which led to streamlined style. He highly specialized and commercialized his design, making his design company one of the largest design companies in the world in the 20th century. He is not only interested in industrial technology, but also has a profound understanding and pursuit of human visual sensitivity. His design has both industrial characteristics and human touch. His life is a microcosm and portrayal of the whole process of American industrial design from its beginning, development, peak and gradual decline.

Luo Wei won numerous awards in his life. He was the first designer to be covered by Time magazine. Luo Wei has played a very important role in promoting the development of American industrial design. His long working career, his professionalism and his unremitting promotion of the image of the design industry, especially the image of his own company and his personal image, have had a very important impact.

Drevis (1903- 1972)

Dreves's professional background is stage design. 1929 changed his major and set up his own industrial design firm. Dreyfus had a close relationship with Bell Telephone Company all his life. He was the most important designer who influenced the modern telephone form. Graves began to design the telephone for Bell in 1930, and in 1937, he proposed the design of combining the receiver and microphone. In the long-term cooperation with Bell, he designed more than 100 telephones. Therefore, Dreyfus's telephone has entered thousands of households in the United States and the world and has become the basic facility of modern families.

Graves' firm belief is that design must meet the basic requirements of human body. He thinks that machines suitable for people are the most efficient machines. For many years, he devoted himself to studying the data about human body, the proportion and function of human body. These studies were summarized in his book Anthropology and published in 196 1, thus helping the design community to establish the discipline of ergonomics. His research results are embodied in a series of agricultural machinery he developed for John Deere Company from 1955. These designs create a friendly and efficient image around the center of establishing comfortable driving and working conditions based on ergonomic calculation.

Sha Lining (Eero Saarinen,1910-1961)

Sha Lining is a famous American architect and industrial designer. He was born in Kekolumi, Finland. He showed his design genius in his early years. 1922 won the first prize of Swedish matchbox design. 1April 923 immigrated to the United States with his father, settled in Detroit, and graduated from the Department of Architecture of Yale University. The chair designed by Yi Musi and 1940 won the grand prize of the International Modern Furniture Design Competition held by the Museum of Modern Art in new york, USA.

In the 1940s, Sha Lining cooperated with Noel Company in furniture design, including 7 1 FRP molding chairs, tire chairs and Ye Jin fragrant chairs. These works all embody the organic free form, rather than rigid and cold geometric figures. They are called the representative works of organic modernism, and have become the models in the history of industrial design, and are still widely circulated and used today.

Sha Lining's architectural masterpieces include the Jefferson Monument, the skating rink of Yale University, Moss and Steyr College, the American Embassy in Britain, the American Embassy in Norway, the Milwaukee War Memorial, the CBS Building and the TWA Terminal.

Graves (Michael Graves, 1934-)

American architect Graves is one of the important figures who laid the foundation of post-modern architectural design. Graves was born in Indianapolis, the capital of Indiana, USA. 1958 graduated from the university of Cincinnati, Ohio with a bachelor's degree in architecture, and 1959 obtained a master's degree in design and research from the famous Harvard university. Then, he entered the American College in Rome, Italy, and won the Rome Prize and Bruno Scholarship. His design pays attention to decoration, rich colors and eclectic expression of historical style. Many designs are regarded as representative works of post-modernism, which combine the dual skills of painters and architects.

His most important and influential design is the Portland Public Service Center designed by 1980- 1982. The surface of this square building is decorated with simple and colorful materials. Philip johnson, a master of post-modern architecture, highly praised the bold use of various classical decorative motives in this design, especially the extensive use of classical basic design vocabulary, which made the design get rid of the single limitation of internationalism and move towards the new development of diversification and decoration.

Graves designed a series of buildings in the late 1980s and 1990s, such as the humanistic buildings in Louisville, Kentucky, and the public library in San Juan Capistrano, California, all of which are outstanding representatives of postmodernism. Graves also designed a series of metal tableware with postmodern characteristics for Alessi Company in Italy, which became famous for a while.

Yi Musi (1907- 1978)

Yi Musi is one of the most outstanding and influential masters of furniture and interior design in the United States. He studied architecture at Washington University in St. Louis and taught at Quincy College, one of the most famous design schools in the United States, from 65438 to 0936. 1940, the plywood chair designed by him and Sha Lining won the grand prize in the design competition held by the American Museum of Modern Art.

Yi Musi's design has a structure, function and appearance that conforms to the principles of scientific and industrial design. This feature has become the design feature of the Miller Company that cooperated with him, making Miller Company invincible in the market. 1946, the popular cheap chair designed by him with multi-layer plywood hot pressing technology was a major turning point in the modern design of Miller Company, moving towards portability and popularization, focusing on new materials and their manufacturing technology. He is a versatile designer. Besides product design, he is also engaged in graphic design, exhibition design and photography. In his own design, he tried to link these disciplines together to form an interdisciplinary industrial design. The interior decoration and chairs designed by Yi Musi have great influence all over the world, and many works are still in production and popularity. The reclining chair he designed in 1956 is the most outstanding representative of reclining chair design. The public chairs in the airport terminal he designed are simple and firm, with a strong sense of the times. It is still used by most American airports and is an outstanding representative of American design in the 1970s.

Venturi tube (robert venturi, 1925-)

Venturi, an American architect, was the first person to lay the foundation of postmodernism in architectural design. 1943- 1950 Venturi studied in the department of architecture at Princeton, and later worked in offices in Sha Lining and Louis Kahn. 1969, he put forward the principle that less is boring and challenged the modernism that less is more. Venturi is not opposed to the core content of modernism, but his efforts are to change the monotonous formal characteristics of modernism. His design contains many clear classical architectural features, such as arch coupons and triangular lintels, but on the whole, his design is functional, pragmatic and concise.

Venturi attaches great importance to theoretical research, and he is one of the more important theorists among post-modern designers. 1966 published Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture, and 1972 published Learning from Las Vegas, putting forward its own post-modernism principles. He believes that designers should not ignore all kinds of cultural characteristics of contemporary society, but should fully absorb all kinds of cultural phenomena and characteristics in their own designs.

The representative works of Venturi include the Delaware residence designed by 1978, the Sainsbury Hall of the National Gallery of London, and the Gordon Wu Building of Princeton University. Venturi's greatest achievements in product design are a series of chairs designed for Noel Company, a set of coffee set with silver-plated ebony handles designed for Alessi Company in Italy in 1984 to 1986, a set of porcelain designed for Suede Powell Company, and a cuckoo designed for Alessi Company in 1986. These designs have strong post-modern characteristics.

Frank Lloyd Wright (1869- 1959)

Wright 1885- 1887 studied civil engineering at the university of Wisconsin, 1887- 1893 studied under the famous architect Sullivan. Wright is one of the most important architects in America in the 20th century and enjoys a high reputation in the world. Many of his buildings are widely praised and are valuable wealth in modern architecture. Wright has a great influence on modern architecture, but his architectural thought is obviously different from the representative figure of European new architectural movement and has taken a unique road.

During the period of 10 after 1893, Wright designed many small houses and villas in the midwest of the United States, forming a grassland style. Representative works include 1902 Willetts House, Roberts House and 1908 Robbie House. These houses not only have the tradition of American folk architecture, but also break through the closeness, which is suitable for the climate and sparsely populated characteristics of grassland areas in the midwest of the United States. 1904, he designed the Larkin company building, 19 15, and he designed the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, Japan, which made him gain an international reputation. 1936, Wright designed the flowing water villa, which created an unprecedented moving architectural scene and became a model of his organic architecture thought.

Evaluation of Encyclopedia of American Architecture: It must be admitted that Wright was one of the most creative architects of his time, perhaps at any time. His extraordinary life and philosophy show that he is a poetic visionary and artist, a pragmatic engineer, a free-thinking individualist, a reformer and a missionary. All his tendencies are permeated with a positive return to life and nature. Such attitudes and beliefs are reflected in his buildings again and again. But naturally, he is an artist and his favorite expression tool is architecture.

Earle (Earle, 1893- 1969)

The representative of American commercial design, the first full-time automobile designer in the world. University studies industrial technology and design. 1926 was selected by Si Long, chairman of GM, to become a stylist of GM. 65438-0940, Vice President of General Motors, Director of Art and Color Department of General Motors. He was in charge of automobile exterior design, and his design style was bold and innovative, which created the high-tail style in post-war automobile design. His influence on automobile design reached an unparalleled level, and the design department of General Motors became the largest design center in the world at that time. One of his important contributions to General Motors was to create a new model of automobile design with President Si Long. According to their opinion, when designing new car styles, we must consider the next few years in a planned way.