Why do you want to learn perspective when you study photography?

The perspective concept of photography comes from painting. What perspective? Da? Finch said: "Painting is based on perspective, which is nothing more than a thorough understanding of the function of the naked eye." The role of perspective in the formation of intellectual skills in painting is mainly to enable us to acquire the ability to transform the shape of three-dimensional space into two-dimensional "screen projection". The perspective of painting uses a lot of mathematical knowledge, geometric knowledge and stereoscopic projection drawing, and perfects its own theory, which is divided into body perspective and air perspective. According to the different vanishing points, it can be divided into Parallel perspective (one vanishing point), angular perspective (two vanishing points) and oblique perspective (three vanishing points). Da? Finch divided perspective into three branches: line perspective. Aerial perspective and dive perspective (invisible perspective). X-ray perspective studies the function of vision, and finds out how much the second object is smaller than the first object and how much the third object is smaller than the second object through measurement.

Generally speaking, the closer an object is to the viewer's eyes, the bigger it is, and the farther it is from the eyes, the smaller it appears. Air perspective means that the farther away an object is from the eyes, the more blurred it is, and it is often reflected in the painting picture with color perspective. That is, the thicker the medium between the object and the eye. The more an object loses its original color, the color gradually fades with the increase of distance, while the contour line gradually blurs with the increase of blue component. If the shiny atmosphere between black objects and eyes is heavier, the black component is smaller and the blue color increases. Among all colors, luster is the first to disappear in a long distance. It is the smallest part of the color and the light in the light. The second thing that disappears is light, because it has fewer shadows. The third disappeared is the main shadow. Finally, there is only darkness.

Invisible perspective refers to the fact that the exact image of an object's shape gradually disappears when the object shrinks because of its distance. The first object, for the eyes, has three properties, namely volume, shape and color. The color or shape of the volume ratio can be distinguished at a longer distance. Secondly, in the distance, color has better resolution than shape. China painters created the decentralized perspective method, which is not limited by the unified focus, and makes the viewer's point of view move many times on the screen. China's landscape paintings are divided into three types: high, flat and far, to express the artistic conception of landscape paintings. Generally speaking, no matter western painting or Chinese painting, their means of expression mostly break the traditional perspective of pure science.

Photographic perspective proves that the theory of painting perspective is scientific, but it is bound to be restricted by photographic lens. In other words, photography creation admits that the perspective of painting is scientific, but photography cannot be as free as painting. Limited by the focal length and viewing angle of the lens. In other words, it is impossible to understand the perspective relationship created by the fisheye lens with painting perspective, and it is also impossible to understand the distance between the "closer" scenes created by the long focal length lens with painting perspective. Photographers can only use the optical imaging law of the lens to create their own works. Photographers can't create scattered perspectives. Computer synthesis is different. Super wide-angle perspective is just like taking panoramic photos with a super wide-angle lens. Produce serious deformation. Multi-viewpoint combination perspective, the objects observed from different places have front, side, back, and even overlooking and looking up. Circular perspective, the foothold remains the same, just like watching a circular screen movie. Disordered combination. Even the direction of light is inconsistent. Vertical objects in the actual scene, such as looking far along railways and highways, are reflected as vertical lines or diagonal lines in the picture. So it is called vertical line or diagonal line in the following laws. In order to prevent the perspective confusion when synthesizing multiple images, we must learn some perspective principles.