The simplest, most direct and most practical formula for editing shots? Please teach me this new pupil, thank you!

the eyesight to find the best expressions and actions in limited materials,

the ability to cut materials and find their connection with the next picture,

the ability to use images and choose music, and the creativity to create melodies and plots.

the editor should also give the movie composed of continuous still pictures a sense of jumping and inject life into the image.

The editor will naturally find out the best expression in many shots and which point is the cutting point, which is the sense of melody in editing. At the same time, the whole picture of the work will be slowly presented in many photographic materials. Through the material, you can see what the work should look like.

2: Ways to find the cutting point

Where should I cut and connect? Finding the cutting point is undoubtedly one of the important tasks of editors. There is something to note here, and this is the apex of the picture.

The so-called vertex of the picture means that the picture is the turning point of action and expression, such as the moment when the person's arm is fully extended, when the gesture of bowing his head after nodding, and when the sphere is about to fall, the smile is withdrawn.

Image is a series of still images, because the previous film will form a residual image in human eyes, so the images on the film look dynamic.

Therefore, the more intense the movement, the more intense the cutting at the top of the picture or at the moment before the movement starts, which will produce a strong afterimage effect on the film behind, leaving a deep impression on the audience.

three: the cutting point that produces a sense of melody

Let's take the action of turning pages as an example to see how to find the cutting point.

If you start shooting from the state where the action stops completely, you will faithfully shoot the action of turning the book from the beginning to the end, so that the audience can know it is the action of turning the book at a glance.

However, it is impossible to reflect the beauty of the image just by making it clear, and the sense of melody and comfort are equally indispensable. So what should we do?

We choose the initial cutting point in the state where the book turning action has started. If the action of turning pages is broken down into 1 ~ 24 pictures, then the first 3 ~ 4 clips are cut off as the initial cutting points.

This change has no effect on understanding the action of turning pages. On the contrary, it can also show the melody and comfort of the action. This editing method can also be applied to other images.

Four: There is not only one correct method for film editing.

I hope you don't misunderstand, that is, the cutting point is not unique.

the page can be used as a cutting point when it turns to the middle, and it can also be used as a cutting point when the page turning is about to end.

according to different works and different front and back pictures, the cutting point can be changed. The correct editing method is not unique.

Of course, editing also has its fixed forms and conventions, which can be said to be the rules of editing. It is very important to know these rules, but editing itself is a creative work, so sometimes it will break the rules and make some new attempts.

five: the purpose of editing

liberating from physical constraints, freely controlling time and space

Sometimes it is necessary to split shots in photography and production, and then make them into a plot

Omit the passage of actual time in the story in the work

Omit the movement of space in the story

Combine the performance intention to form the plot, and determine the final appearance of the work

Yes. Clarify and emphasize what you want to express

Make the order and structure of the shot more rigorous, and highlight the plot elements

6. Fixed rules in action editing

Editing methods when the subject is moving.

Motion connection refers to the editing of the motion of the photographed object.

In the past, it was often necessary to interrupt the shooting of an action because of changing the film. However, the same action connected by different lenses looks surprisingly smooth and impressive. It is said that this is the origin of this editing method.

seven: one, the action is connected with 7: 3

First, let's look at the basic basics in the action clip, "action connection".

"action connection" refers to the editing method of connecting an action with two pictures.

Theoretically speaking, these two sets of images are just the difference in screen size, and they describe the same action at the same time, so you can start editing from any point.

however, at this time, the actions will be inconsistent or repetitive. The final edited image lacks a sense of rhythm.

The general image editing method is to connect the movements according to the ratio of 7: 3 or 3: 7, so as to achieve the effect of smooth movements. In this way, not only the front and back movements look coherent, but also the sense of rhythm and vitality comes into being.

of course, the connection according to the ratio of 7: 3 is not an absolute truth. According to the different materials and cutting points, human eyes sometimes have the illusion of repetition and jumping.

Therefore, deliberately cutting or overlapping some shots will make the movements look more natural and smooth. Try changing the cutting point in different images to see the effect.

Second, connect two actions into one

Connect multiple actions of different subjects into one, which is commonly called "single action editing".

Here's an example: The pitcher and first baseman who got a home run looked back at the flying ball. The two players completed the action of "looking back" at the same time.

if you want to make full use of the discarded materials, you must use such a connection: hit a home run-> pitcher's turn back-> baseman's turn back-> ball that flies far away.

However, with this connection method, the movements of the two players turning back will be repeated, which will give the audience a dull impression of approval.

A single action clip will integrate these two back actions into one, and the time difference will be eliminated through editing.

specifically, it is to cut the first half of the pitcher's turn back and connect the second half of the first baseman's turn back, which can enhance the sense of speed and make the picture coherent.

the key points of motion connection

two cameras took two images of different sizes at the same position and angle. If it is a different position and angle, you can also use this rule to deal with it.

Of course, if the material is not shot at the same time, there are many ways to connect it just by changing the angle and taking the vertex of an action (a characteristic action) as the cutting point. For example, shoot the moment before the ball is released, then shoot the action of the ball's back hand pulling down, and then connect them.

when editing with action as the center, we must pay attention to several aspects, and the following are the main points.

① take the shot that looks longer as the main shot.

② consider the top, bottom, left and right of the picture, so as not to affect the continuity of action.

③ changing the application and the position of the camera greatly will make the picture imposing.

④ The connection according to the actual time seems to be dragging, so the parts that can be omitted in the transition action should be compressed. Especially for scenes with intense action, the length of the lens should be shortened.

⑤ The material shot at the same time can be edited at any point in theory, but choosing different cutting points and repeating or omitting some shots will make the action smoother.

⑥ When different pictures are connected for the same action, try to connect them at the vertex of the action.

third, purposefully overlapping actions are used to emphasize

through purposefully repeating, an action is emphasized. This method is called double action or triple action.

In the example image, the shot in which the pitcher's arm is raised to the highest point is taken as the cutting point, and this action shot from the front and back is connected, and finally the side full shot in which the hand is retracted downward after the ball is thrown is connected.

In this way, the action may not be so smooth for the audience, but the action of "throwing the ball" is repeated three times (triple action), which is very impressive.

Double action is effective only when you consciously want to highlight an action, and it should be as short as possible to avoid being lengthy.

fourth, intense action scenes may omit the middle part

One of the purposes of editing is to omit in time and space.

If you edit according to the passage of actual time and the movement of space, no matter how much time is not enough, the audience will feel long and boring.

At this time, the more effective method is to extract some intermediate shots of the same action, and then connect and combine them.

this method is also called the middle-extraction method.

Its function is to greatly shorten the time, increase the sense of speed of the film and make the audience never tire of watching it.

when using this technique, you must choose which shots to take out, which is the difficulty.

the most important thing is that you can't cut off the vertex of the action (characteristic action). If you take away these vertex shots, you can't know which direction the action will go.

Jumping editing develops this technique, which is a kind of middle extraction technique, which was founded by Golda, and connects images by jumping like a phonograph needle.

Jumping editing dares to break the taboo of traditional editing, making it possible to make impressive scenes.

the middle-pulling technique of action

When the middle shot is removed to omit the time and highlight the sense of speed, we must pay attention to choosing which shots should be omitted. When other shots are omitted, when the arm position reaches the highest in the initial state, the arm droops, and only these three shots can show the throwing action to the minimum.

v. connecting the FRAME IN and the FRAME OUT picture

The subject is in the shooting frame, which is called FRAME IN.

on the contrary, when the subject leaves the shooting range, it is called FRAME OUT.

People walking or running, animals, cars and trams can be edited by these moving objects.

let's consider how to connect the FRAME IN and out of the same subject in different backgrounds.

When a bicycle rides in front of the camera, two sets of shots with the same size are taken at different locations.

Of course, we can connect the bicycle in the order from driving into the empty stage (there is only background in the lens, and there is no object to be photographed) to driving out of the lens.

there is nothing wrong with this connection method, but the space is too empty and the movement is not smooth enough.

an excellent and rhythmic action connection method is to connect the shots in the latter group when the object is about to leave the shooting range.

the main point is to use a picture in which the subject is half in the lens and half out of the lens. This will make the connection look smoother.

if the angle of the subject in the front and back shots is different, adding an empty stage shot between FRAME IN and FRAME OUT will make the picture more coherent.

VI. Connecting the actions of different photographed objects with dark lens or * * * same point

How to connect the actions of different photographed objects?

The example is the connection between the running figure and the speeding car.

First, let the running figure run closer and closer until the whole picture is filled, making the picture black, and then connect the subsequent shots.

Although the running speed of the character is different from that of the car, the black screen (or the lens with very dark light) between one and the other successfully reproduces the smooth movements.

the fixed rules in dialogue editing

the editing method of characters' lines, in which dialogue refers to lines.

Dialogue editing refers to the editing of the lines of the characters on the scene.

It is the most representative editing method alongside action editing, and it is an indispensable factor in showing the story.

Simple-looking dialogue clips are actually some fixed rules used to express special effects.

1. Lines are connected

1: 3 between lines. Except for SE and BGM, the rest are silent.

For video editing, it is important to create this silent state and use it to express the rhythm of the film.

in the example, two people are talking in the car. The key to editing is how much space there should be between two people's conversations. One conversation scene after another was shot with a camera instead of another character, so the two people didn't have a real conversation (= interval). When editing, how to make a natural interval between conversations is very important.

Generally speaking, it will be more coherent to connect the intervals between dialogues according to the ratio of 1: 3.

If the interval after the lines in the previous shot is one length, then the interval of three lengths should be left before the dialogue in the subsequent shot begins.

2. Move the lines up and down to increase the dramatic effect

Move the dialogue up and down, that is, insert the lines into the previous shot (move up) or drag them into the next shot (move down).

Its function is to highlight the changes in expressions and actions of the characters due to the content of the dialogue.

for example, Mr. A was stopped by someone. Mr. B greeted him and said "Hello, Mr. A", moved this part up, and then Mr. B's shot appeared and Mr. A's lines moved up were inserted. "Isn't this Mr. B!" .

In this way, the whole scene appears more fluent and coherent.

For example, the key name of "I have someone I like" in the previous shot is moved down, which highlights the expression change of the hero under the influence of this sentence. This is the intention of this technique.

For example, in order to highlight the change of the heroine's expression before and after the hero invited her for a ride, the actor's lines were moved up and appeared with the heroine's face shot. If you don't move up the lines, there will be a silent face shot of the heroine in the picture, and the film will look very long and have no sense of rhythm.

It's not the length of the lines that determines the cut of the shot, but it's very important to make a purposeful cut while considering the plot.

Third, use embedded montage to express mood

To make the above scene more dramatic, you can use the method of inserting other shots between lines. For example, it is also possible to show a little follow-up shots.

When the heroine's lines are in the middle of the first group of shots, the facial shot of the hero is inserted, which not only shows the strong expression change of the hero after listening to his girlfriend's answer, but also emphasizes the calm and happy state before.

editing methods of non-action and lines, scene transformation and making connection points

1. Beginners can use the traditional O.L method to gently transition shots

O.L(OVER LAP photography) is a very common transition effect, just like fading in and out.

indicates the passage of time and the movement of space, and can also be used to express mood.

a similar transition method is wiping.