Rock appreciation

The writing of the poem begins with the word "rock", but it is not a poem that sings rock, but a wandering poem. This poem draws lessons from the writing style of travel prose with a long tradition, and describes what you see, hear and feel from "dusk to temple", "lying still at night" to "walking alone at dawn" in the order of travel. It's a poetic landscape travel book. Before Han Yu, remembering poems about wandering immortals was generally to intercept a certain side, select a certain key point, and express feelings because of the scenery. Learn from the characteristics of travel prose, write down travel notes in detail, full of poetry and original rock.

It's easy to make a running account by describing the trip in chronological order. The poet is very clever. Like a cinematographer, he chooses the location, the characters move in front, the camera pushes, pulls, shakes and follows behind, and one picture after another appears in front of the readers. Every painting, there are people with feelings and scenery, which constitutes a unique artistic conception. The whole poem mainly revolves around the visit to the mountain temple. At the beginning, only one sentence is used to summarize the journey before reaching the temple, and the steep rocks and narrow mountain roads change shape with the hero's climbing. There is no one in this sentence, but in the second sentence, "When I got to the temple, the bat was already at dusk", which is the poet who came to swim. Moreover, to say that the first sentence is not written, just that it is not written clearly; In fact, the precision of the rock and the exquisiteness of the behavior are what the hero sees and feels when he passes there. It was through reflection on these subjective feelings that he struggled to climb mountains and reach the mountain temple at dusk. "Dusk" is hardly a clear picture that can be seen and touched. He skillfully selected a shot of "Bat Flying" to make bats that only appear at dusk hover in the temple, and immediately enveloped the protagonist and the mountain temple in the dark twilight. "When you arrive at the temple at dusk, of course, you have to find a monk to arrange accommodation first, so there is a scene in which the protagonist" rises to the church ". The hero is here for sightseeing, and he is very interested in traveling. After "going to the hall", he immediately quit and sat on the steps in front of the hall, admiring the flowers and trees in the yard. The picture of "between the round gardenia-pod and the huge banana eaves" began. Because of a soaking rain, the leaves of banana are bigger and greener, and gardenias are more prosperous, more fragrant and more beautiful. "Big" and "fat" are very common words, but when they are used in banana leaves and gardenia, especially in "New Rain Foot", they highlight the characteristics of objective scenery and enhance the distinctiveness of the image, which makes people unable to help but admire.

With the passage of time, gardenia and banana leaves finally disappeared into the night. So enthusiastic monks came to join in the fun, boasting that the "ancient wall Buddha is well painted" in the temple and bringing torches to the guests. At this time, the vegetable rice has been set, the bed has been made, and even the mat has been wiped clean. The hospitality of monks and the harmonious feelings between host and guest are also reflected in the image. The sentence "Although the food is rough, it satisfies my hunger" is certainly not vivid enough, but it is essential. It not only ends with "these things can make life happy in themselves, is it necessary to control people?" Taking care of each other also shows that the hero spent a lot of time and walked a lot, so he was hungry.

It only takes two sentences to write overnight. "In the middle of the night, when I was lying there, I couldn't even hear an insect" shows the tranquility of the temple at night. "Late at night", the sounds of various insects began to "die out", so before "late at night", various insects naturally performed their own stunts and played nocturnal songs together, and the protagonist was also enjoying the nocturnal songs. Just like "Tonamiyama is more secluded", at night in the temple, when all the insects are singing at night, it is quieter than when all is silent. While lying quietly and listening carefully to the protagonists of all the insect ensembles, it is naturally relieved and has an unprecedented quiet mood. Late at night, all the bugs died, and then "Shan Yue came into my door with her pure light", and the hero enjoyed the moon through the window with great interest. Just now, he was still lying quietly, listening to the insects, which appeared in front of the readers at the moment when "the mountains and moons with her pure light came into my door".

Accompanied by Li Jingxing, Hou and Wei Chifen, the author visited Huilin Temple in the north of Luoyang. The date is July 22nd, 80 1 year (the 17th year of Zhenyuan in Tang Dezong). There is a saying in the agricultural proverb: "Twenty-one, two, three, the chicken crows the moon." It can be seen that the "clear moon" mentioned in the poem is the last quarter moon. She climbed out of the mountain and shone into the window sash. She kept singing all over. The protagonist enjoys it for a while, and it will be dawn. I only wrote two sentences about staying overnight, which not only showed several vivid pictures, but also showed the protagonist's feeling of staying up all night in the mountains and reveling in the night scene, which made a transition for the later writing about leaving the temple early. The following six sentences in Dawn are written about leaving the temple early. With the passage of time and the protagonist's step by step, the light, color and scenery on the screen are constantly changing and fascinating. "I left the mountain at dawn and lost my way alone" and "no road" refer to the dawn, and the fog is so thick that we can't see the road clearly, so the next scene is "going in and out, going up and down, and being foggy for a while". When the hero set out at dawn, there was a foggy world in front of him. No matter how high or low the mountain is, it is foggy. Groping forward in the dense fog, from high to low, from low to high, high and low, low and high. This scene is poetic and picturesque. When the smoke from the kitchen began to fall, the morning light was bright, and the brightness of the picture suddenly increased, the spectacle of "making the mountain green and everything bright" broke into the hero's eyes. And "I sometimes pass pine trees and oak trees that ten people can't get around" not only adds beauty to the picture of "turning streams and mountains into green and purple, illuminating everything", but also shows that the protagonist is moving on. He passed through pine trees and oak trees, and the breeze brushed his clothes. The sound of spring water was loud and the shallow water was very lovely. So he waded barefoot through the mountain stream and let the cool water flow over his back, and his whole body and mind were intoxicated in the wonderful realm of nature.

Poetry is written down the mountain, and pictures are displayed one by one, like a travel documentary. With the progress of tourists, the scenes of people and scenery are constantly changing. The last four sentences sum up the whole poem. Let's call it "theme song". "Life is like this" summed up all the experiences of this trip to the mountain temple, and then affirmed it with "self-coke". The last three poems are based on the life of "being a man _", which shows the infinite yearning for the beauty of nature and humanity in the mountains, thus strengthening the artistic charm of the whole poem.

This poem opens up a new field for traditional travel poems. It draws lessons from the characteristics of landscape travel notes and describes them layer by layer in the order of travel. But it is not as dull as keeping a running account, and its expression is ingenious. Although this poem is written layer by layer, it has been carefully selected and refined. For example, from Dusk to the Temple to bedtime, there are certainly many experiences and feelings, but only hospitable scenes such as "bats flying around", "between round gardenia pods and huge banana leaves", temple monks watching murals and "he made the bed, dusted the mat and prepared my dinner" are brought into the camera, because this reflects the beauty of nature and humanity in the mountains. The relative life between aides and aides made the poet sprout the idea of returning to the fields or living in seclusion, which was an important basis for the formation of the theme song at the end. As for staying up late and leaving early, the photographers are only those scenes that best reflect the natural beauty and free life of Shan Ye, and they are also an important basis for the formation of the theme song at the end.

In addition, according to the sequence of travel, that is, according to the sequence of time, the intensity of light is different at different times, whether the weather is cloudy or sunny. The outstanding feature of this poem is that the poet is good at capturing different light senses, different humidity and different colors of different scenery at a specific time and in a specific weather. For example, "new rain feet" means that everything on the earth has just been moistened and washed by rain; Only in this way can the protagonist enjoy "in the round gardenia pods and huge plantain leaves" in the boundless twilight. Plantain leaves and gardenia flowers are presented to readers with their unique light sense, humidity and color tone at sunset after the rain. Write a month with the word "Qing", which means the moon after the "new rain". Write about the novel and changeable scenery. Because what he wrote was not the general scenery, but the scenery after the rain in the mountains. He first summed up the characteristics of rain, wet ground and dense fog in the mountains with the phrase "I left the mountain at dawn, and lost my way alone", and then drew an early map in the fog with the phrase "going in and out for a while, going up and down for a while, and foggy for a while". "misty rain" is poor and sunny, so you can see that the water in the stream is deeper and bluer after the rain, and the flowers on the mountain are redder and brighter after the rain. Therefore, it is summarized by "the mountain is red and the water is blue". The mountain is red, the water is blue, and the red and blue set each other off, and the color is already very bright. However, because the poet keenly grasped the unique light sense, humidity and color tone of mountain flowers and streams in sunny weather after rain, he felt that it was not enough to use "red" and "blue" alone, so he used "colorful" to render the beautiful scenery of "mountain red and water blue" bright and dazzling.

The evaluation of this poem has been highly valued by later generations and has far-reaching influence. Su Shi and his friends traveled to nanxi river, undressed and recited "The Rock", knowing his joy, so he wrote a lyric poem according to the original rhyme. He also wrote a four-line poem: "Who really wants to retire and who wants to follow?" Suyun dispelled the morning light and saw only mountains, red streams and green poems. "Poetry, words, all from the" rocks ". Yuan Haowen of the Jin Dynasty said, "Love peony contains spring tears, and weak rose lies in the late branches." When I walked out of the retired "rock" sentence, I realized that the canal was a girl's poem. The ninth episode of his "Zhongzhou Collection" (biography of Mr. Wang Zhongli) said: "I want to learn from my teacher. What should I do? Mr. Wang quoted the poem "Spring Rain" as proof, and said: This poem is not without its merits. If the sentence "between the round gardenia pod and the huge banana leaf" is used to correct it, then "spring rain" is the language of women. " It can be seen that this poem is magnificent and magnificent, and has always been praised by future generations.