Discussion on the application of new technology of modern engineering survey in water conservancy project

Discussion on the application of new technology of modern engineering survey in water conservancy project

As a scarce natural resource, how to make good use of water resources is very important to the development of national economy. Due to the uneven distribution of water resources in time and space in China, in order to better meet the needs of economic development and people's lives, the state has strengthened the construction of water conservancy projects, which can effectively allocate water resources. As the basic work of water conservancy project, engineering survey is self-evident.

1 the necessity of applying new technology to carry out water conservancy engineering survey

Engineering survey covers all aspects of engineering construction and is a whole process survey. Engineering survey requires high professionalism, pays attention to team division of labor and cooperation, and involves complex and diverse links. It is necessary to strictly control the occurrence of errors and resolutely avoid the situation of "one careless move will lose the game". In the design stage, we should follow the principle of "no right to speak without investigation", seriously investigate the specific situation on the spot, and focus on strengthening the investigation and measurement of important positions, which is of great significance to collecting first-hand information of engineering construction; In the process of construction, in order to ensure the smooth and safe construction, the position of building components must be measured and positioned before each building component is built; In the project acceptance stage, according to the requirements of engineering design, we must strengthen the inspection of construction quality.

Hydraulic engineering survey itself has its particularity. The survey work is mostly carried out in remote mountainous areas, and the geographical location is complex, so it is difficult to carry out the survey, and even a safety situation may occur, endangering the lives of surveyors. Therefore, it is more urgent to adopt new technology in hydraulic engineering survey. On the one hand, the application of new technology is conducive to improving survey accuracy, reducing the difficulty of survey work and improving survey quality and efficiency; On the other hand, it is conducive to ensuring the personal safety of staff and has important practical significance.

2 The main tasks of water conservancy engineering survey

Engineering construction is a complex system engineering, involving all aspects, and so is water conservancy engineering. Water conservancy construction projects generally include earthwork excavation, dam rockfill, geotextile, masonry engineering, concrete engineering and so on. Its main tasks include the following points: First, before the commencement of water conservancy projects, detailed re-survey should be carried out against the control network provided by the supervision unit, and the construction control network (plane control network and elevation control network) should be carefully laid out. The grade and accuracy of survey must meet the standard of Code for Construction Survey of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering. The technical requirements of plane control survey and elevation control survey are based on precise traverse survey and precise leveling survey respectively, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. In addition, the construction control network should be checked regularly to ensure the accuracy of construction measurement. The second is the tracking measurement in the construction process, which is not once and for all, but runs through the whole project. The focus of the follow-up investigation is earth excavation, earth-rock mixing, dam rock filling, etc. Third, the acceptance measurement at the time of completion, earnestly pay off the position and elevation of the building, strengthen the measurement of the embedded observation facilities of the project, and ensure the accuracy of the data, so that it can be put on record after approval.

3 the application of new technology of modern engineering survey in water conservancy projects

With the improvement of engineering construction requirements and technical progress, the traditional engineering survey technology can no longer meet the needs of its development. A simple, flexible, fast, efficient and accurate technology came into being, that is, a new type of modern engineering survey technology, which has a series of advantages to make it widely used in engineering survey. At present, the new engineering survey technologies applied in water conservancy projects mainly include 3S technology, RTK technology, digital surveying and mapping technology and digital photography technology.

3. 1 3S technology

The so-called 3S technology is a general term for GPS (Global Positioning System), GIS (Geographic Information System) and RS (Remote Sensing System). 3S technology is of great value in water conservancy engineering survey. First, it improves the survey efficiency, obtains more accurate water conservancy environment information, and can predict natural disasters to a certain extent. Second, it can timely monitor and analyze the water conservancy construction accidents that have occurred, and improve the efficiency and quality of accident resolution. Thirdly, 3S technology can accurately and effectively identify the corroded parts of water conservancy buildings, and can obviously improve the maintenance quality and efficiency of water conservancy buildings. Fourthly, 3S technology can realize the dynamic management and monitoring of water resources, enrich the data of water conservancy management and lay a solid foundation for the follow-up work.

3.2 RTK technology

RTK technology, that is, real-time dynamic positioning technology, is mainly composed of reference station and mobile station. It combines GPS technology and data transmission technology. Through the real-time processing of the carrier phases of the two measuring stations, the measurement differences between them are observed, so as to locate the special points in the three-dimensional space. RTK technology has a broad application prospect in control point encryption, engineering lofting, section survey and other survey tasks. At present, RTK technology is mainly used to measure vertical and horizontal sections, such as dike projects and irrigation areas. It is good at long-distance measurement, can measure more than ten kilometers, and the accuracy can reach centimeter level. RTK technology is flexible and convenient, which makes it widely used in water conservancy project survey and occupies a certain position in water conservancy project construction.

3.3 Digital Surveying and Mapping Technology

Digital mapping technology is a kind of digital mapping technology, including digital original mapping technology and digital mapping technology. Compared with traditional surveying and mapping technology, digital surveying and mapping technology has obvious advantages in the following four aspects. First, the accuracy is high. Hydraulic engineering survey is mostly carried out in the field, which is easily disturbed by external factors. The application of digital mapping technology can effectively avoid human error and improve the accuracy of data. Second, the degree of automation is higher. Digital mapping technology is based on computer technology, with strong automation performance and more convenient storage. Third, the graphic attribute information is more abundant, and various mapping symbols can be used accurately to clarify the coordinate position in map surveying and mapping; Fourth, the measurement results are intuitive, the terrain modeling is visual, and non-professionals can read the map information.

3.4 Digital photography technology

Digital photography technology, based on all-digital photogrammetry system, can obtain surveying and mapping information directly from digital images, which has great advantages in providing real-time three-dimensional spatial information, can effectively improve production efficiency and the accuracy of digital line drawing, and can make high-precision digital elevation models as required, which greatly meets the needs of water conservancy project construction. At present, all-digital photogrammetry system has been widely used in the field of measurement, and its products can transform image maps and line drawings into digital series products. In the construction of water conservancy projects, digital photogrammetry technology can be used to quickly obtain and make large-scale image maps and profiles, and effectively establish and permanently save the digital ground model database of high-resolution three-dimensional images of the foundation surface. In addition, digital photogrammetry technology has obvious advantages, which plays an outstanding role in checking the quality of steep slope excavation and the physical data of some completed projects.

4 problems that should be paid attention to in water conservancy construction survey

At present, the construction unit and staff have accumulated good experience in water conservancy construction survey, but there are still some problems in the actual process, which affect the quality and construction efficiency of water conservancy projects. Engineering units need to pay attention to several aspects in the process of water conservancy survey, mainly including the following aspects: First, for the same water conservancy project, the construction survey should unify standards, adopt consistent coordinate system and height system, strengthen the protection of construction control points, clearly mark control points with signs, and avoid moving control points due to other factors. Second, pay attention to the choice of precision in construction survey, do not blindly pursue high precision, but the precision can meet the needs of water conservancy projects. Proper accuracy is the key. Third, formulate a reasonable and scientific construction survey plan, improve the efficiency of survey work, implement survey activities in strict accordance with the survey plan, and reduce the waste of people, money and materials. Fourth, arrange the investigation time reasonably. Because construction lofting and construction often cross-operate, it is necessary to arrange the time reasonably, and each survey team should communicate and negotiate more, so as to use the time effectively and reasonably without affecting the construction progress.

5 concluding remarks

With the mature development of technology and the arrival of the era of big data, the measurement technology of water conservancy projects has been greatly promoted and updated. The new technology of modern engineering survey has a series of advantages, which obviously improves the efficiency and quality of survey work, and provides wings for the construction of water conservancy projects, and will surely usher in new development opportunities.

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