Color perception of color formation

Understanding color has subjective aspects besides objective aspects, that is, the basic theoretical knowledge of color in visual psychology. Light information with different wavelengths and colors acts on human visual organs, and after being introduced into the brain through the optic nerve, it is linked with past memories and experiences through thinking, thus forming a series of color psychological reactions.

1.*** empathy color vision psychology

(1) color has no temperature difference between cold and warm, but visual color causes psychological association and makes people feel cold and warm.

Warm colors: When people see red, red orange, orange, yellow orange, red purple and other colors, they will immediately think of the sun, flame, blood and other objects, and feel warm, warm and dangerous.

Cool colors: After seeing colors such as blue, blue-purple, and blue-green, it is easy to associate with the images of things such as space, ice and snow, and the ocean, resulting in a cold, rational and calm feeling.

The cold and warm feeling of color is not only reflected in the fixed hue, but also shows its relative tendency in contrast. For example, it is more appropriate to paint the fresh and cool colors of the morning glow with rose red, while the sunset glow with warm red. But if compared with orange, the first two colors strengthen the cold feeling tendency.

(2) The lightness and severity of color are mainly related to the lightness of color. Bright colors remind people of blue sky, white clouds, rosy clouds and many flowers, as well as cotton and wool. Produce a soft, floating, ascending, agile and flexible feeling. The color with low lightness is easy to be associated with steel, marble and other items, resulting in a heavy, steady and falling feeling.

(3) The soft and hard feeling of color mainly comes from the lightness of color, but it also has a certain relationship with purity. The higher the lightness, the softer the feeling, the lower the lightness and the harder the feeling, but the softness of white changes slightly. Colors with high lightness and low solid background are softer, and colors with medium purity are softer, because it is easy to remind people of the fur of many animals such as camels, foxes, cats and dogs, as well as woolen goods and so on. Both high-purity and low-purity colors have a hard feeling, and this hard feeling is more obvious if their lightness is low. Hue has little to do with the soft and hard feeling of color.

(4) The pre-perception and post-perception of color are imaged on human retina by colors with different wavelengths. Colors with light wavelength, such as red and orange, are imaged in the back and feel approaching. Colors with shorter light waves, such as blue and purple, are imaged externally, and they feel receding within the same distance.

In fact, this is an optical illusion. Generally, warm color, solid color, high definition color, strong contrast color, large area color and concentrated color feel forward, whereas cool color, turbid color, low brightness color, weak contrast color, small area color and scattered color feel backward.

(5) The color sense varies greatly. Because colors have a sense of front and back, warm colors and high brightness colors have a sense of expansion, and cool colors and low brightness colors have a sense of contraction.

(6) The three elements of color, gorgeous and simple, all have influences on it, among which purity is the most important. Brightness and purity are high, and the contrast is rich and strong, and it feels gorgeous and brilliant. Colors with low lightness and purity feel simple and quaint compared with simple and weak colors. But no matter what color, if it is shiny, you can get gorgeous effects.

(7) Liveliness and solemnity of colors: warm colors, high-purity colors, multi-colors and strong contrast colors are lively and energetic, while cool colors, low-purity colors and low-lightness colors are solemn and serious.

(8) The excitement and quietness of color have the most obvious influence on hue. Bright colors such as red, orange and yellow give people a sense of excitement, while colors such as blue, turquoise and blue-purple make people feel calm and calm. Green and purple are neutral colors and there is no such feeling. Purity also has a great relationship. High-purity color is excited, while low-purity color is quiet. Finally, lightness. In warm colors, high brightness and high purity colors are exciting, while low brightness and low purity colors are quiet.

2. Psychological association of colors

The association of colors has emotional expression. Influenced by the observer's age, gender, personality, culture, education, occupation, nationality, religion, living environment, background of the times, life experience and other factors. There are two color associations: figurative and abstract:

(1) figurative association When people see a certain color, they will associate it with some related things in nature and life. (This schematic diagram is attached at the end.)

(2) abstract association When people see a certain color, they will associate some abstract concepts such as rationality and nobility. (This schematic diagram was described in detail on the previous website. I won't post it in the back. )

Generally speaking, children have more concrete associations and adults have more abstract associations. Each color has its own unique personality, which is called sexy for short. They are related to human color physiology and psychological experience, which makes the objectively existing colors seem to have complex personalities.

(1) Red has the longest wavelength, strong penetration and high perception. It is easy to remind people of the sun, flames, blood, flowers and so on. And feel warm, excited, lively, enthusiastic, positive, hopeful, loyal, healthy, full, full and happy, but sometimes it is also considered as a symbol of childishness, primitiveness, violence, danger and vulgarity. Red has always been a traditional holiday color in China.

(2) orange orange and red are warm colors, and the color is between red and yellow. It reminds people of flame, light, glow, fruit and other objects, and it is the warmest and loudest color. I feel lively, gorgeous, brilliant, vigorous, fiery, warm, sweet, happy and happy, but there are also negative tendentious expressions such as doubt, jealousy and deception.

Gray orange turns brown, white orange turns light orange, commonly known as blood tooth color. Plus orange itself is a sweet color commonly used in clothes, and it is also a favorite color of clothes for many consumers, especially women, children and young people.

(3) Yellow is the color with the highest lightness among all shades, giving people the impression of lightness, brightness, transparency, liveliness, brightness, brilliance, hope, reputation and health. But yellow is too bright and dazzling, and it is easy to lose its original appearance when mixed with other colors, so it also has bad meanings such as lightness, instability, impermanence and cold.

Pale yellow with white gives people a peaceful and gentle feeling, beige or white with a lot of light gray is a good casual natural color, while dark yellow has another noble and solemn feeling. Because yellow is easy to remind people of the skins of many fruits, it will cause acidic appetite.

Yellow is also used as a safety color because it is easy to be found, such as work clothes for outdoor work.

(4) In nature, except the sky, rivers, oceans and green, grass and leafy plants can be found almost everywhere, which symbolize life, youth, peace, tranquility and freshness. Green is most suitable for human eyes, and has the function of eliminating fatigue and adjusting. Yellow and green bring people the breath of spring and are very popular with children and young people. Blue-green and dark green are the colors of oceans and forests, which have profound, stable, calm and wise meanings. Gray-green, such as earth green, olive green, pickles green, dark green and other colors give people a mature, sophisticated and deep feeling, which is widely used by people and stipulated by the military and police.

(5) Blue, contrary to red and orange, is a typical cool color, which means calm, cold, rational, profound and transparent. With the continuous development of space industry, it has a strong sense of modernity symbolizing high technology.

Light blue is bright and full of youthful vitality, which is loved by young people, but it also feels immature. Dark blue is a calm and steady color, which is widely loved by middle-aged people. Among them, ultramarine with warm colors is full of touching charm, while navy gives people a generous and solemn impression. Indigo and plantain are widely used among the people and seem to be symbols of national characteristics. Of course, blue also has its other side, such as rigidity, indifference, sadness, fear and so on.

(6) Purple is mysterious, noble, graceful, solemn and luxurious, sometimes giving people a lonely and negative feeling. Especially dark or dark gray purple, it is easy to give people an ominous, decadent and lifeless impression. However, reddish purple or blue purple with light gray has an elegant and mysterious sense of the times similar to the colors of space and the universe, and is widely used in modern life.

(7) Black is a colorless phase without purity. It often makes people feel calm, mysterious, serious, solemn and reserved. In addition, it also makes people feel sad, horrible, ominous, silent, extinct and sinful. Nevertheless, the combination of black is extremely adaptable, no matter what color, especially bright solid color, it is matched with it. Can achieve satisfactory results. But it can't be used in a large area, otherwise it will not only reduce its charm, but also produce a depressing and gloomy sense of terror.

(8) White gives people the impression of being clean, bright, pure, innocent, simple, hygienic and quiet. In contrast, other colors will appear more vivid and clear. Too much white may also produce dull and tasteless monotony and emptiness.

(9) Gray is a neutral color, and its outstanding character is soft, meticulous, steady, concise and generous. It does not significantly affect other colors, such as black and white. Therefore, it is an ideal background color. Any color can be matched with gray, and the gray with a slight hue can give people a sense of elegance, delicacy, reservation, stability, delicacy, civilization and culture. Of course, the abuse of gray is also easy to expose its boring, lonely, melancholy, passionless and uninteresting side.

(10) Earth brown contains certain gray medium and low lightness colors, such as Earth red, Earth green, cooked brown, raw brown, Earth yellow, coffee, pickles, bronze, camel hair, tea brown and so on. , personality is not very strong, its affinity is easy to cooperate with other colors, especially with bright colors, and the effect is better.

It also reminds people of the autumn harvest season, so everyone has a mature, humble, rich and easy-going feeling.

(1 1) Glossy colors, except for precious metals such as gold and silver, all colors have their own gorgeous characteristics after luster. Golden splendor symbolizes wealth, reputation and loyalty; Silver is elegant and noble, symbolizing purity and faith, and is milder than gold. They can be matched with other colors. Almost reach the level of "omnipotent". Small-scale decoration has an eye-catching and refreshing effect, and large-scale use will have too dazzling negative effects, which will appear flashy and lose a sense of stability. If skillfully used and properly decorated, it can not only make the finishing point, but also produce a strong high-tech modern aesthetic feeling.