Teaching of aperture application skills when shooting various photographic subjects

Basic photography: setting the aperture size is a very important part of basic photography technology. Before pressing the shutter, you must first observe the light conditions and shooting environment, and set the aperture reasonably according to the situation, in order to shoot a clear picture. But also can effectively control the depth of field, which can show the photographer's shooting intention. This paper will introduce some typical aperture applications and techniques in practical photography.

Large aperture blurs the background and highlights the subject.

We know that the larger the aperture, the shallower the depth of field. By taking advantage of this, we can avoid the messy background around us from affecting the picture effect, let the focus of the photo focus on the subject, and emphasize the subject more.

Introduction to photography: aperture priority, f/7. 1. 1/500 seconds, ISO 400, focal length 400 mm

Although only the medium aperture of f/7. 1 is used, the bird is far away from the background, with a focal length of 400mm and a distance of about 8 meters, achieving an ideal background blur effect.

Introduction to photography: aperture priority, f/2.8, 1/320s, ISO 100, focal length 200mm.

Outdoor portrait photography and wedding photography are often shot with large apertures such as f/2.8 and F4, and the depth of field is very shallow. 135mm medium-long focal length, blurred background highlights the main body, creating a soft picture atmosphere.

Expert tip: Other factors that affect the depth of field.

In addition to the aperture size, the focal length of the lens, the shooting distance and the distance between the background and the object will affect the depth of field. On the premise that the aperture size and shooting distance are unchanged, the longer the focal length of the lens used, the shallower the depth of field; On the premise that the focal length and aperture of the lens remain unchanged, the closer the shooting distance, the shallower the depth of field; On the premise that the aperture size, shooting distance and lens focal length are unchanged, the farther the background is from the subject, the shallower the depth of field is. Therefore, setting a large aperture, shooting with a telephoto lens, getting close to the subject and keeping the subject away from the background can all take shallow depth-of-field photos with blurred background.

Using a large aperture for hand-held shooting in low light environment can avoid blurring the picture.

When shooting indoors, in cloudy days, in the evening and other poor lighting environments, a common problem is that the photos are "pasted". This is because it takes a long exposure time (slow shutter speed) to get the ideal effect when shooting in low light environment. Once the shutter speed is lower than the hand-held safe speed, hand shaking may lead to blurred photos. Using a large aperture can improve the light input per unit time of the photosensitive assembly to a certain extent, thus improving the shutter speed and avoiding the blurring of photos.

Large aperture is not only used to improve shutter speed in low light environment, but also used to obtain faster shutter speed in sunny days. When shooting animals and birds, we should try our best to capture the wonderful gesture of the moment and show their natural nature. Even if the light is sufficient, we often use a large aperture, appropriately increase the sensitivity, get a shutter higher than 65,438+0/500 seconds, and solidify the wonderful moments in the way of continuous shooting.

Introduction to photography: aperture priority, f/2.8, 1/40s, ISO 800, focal length 28mm.

When traveling, the tripod is often not at hand, and the gorgeous night scene is not to be missed. The first thing to consider in hand-held shooting is to ensure a clear picture. In this case, we should make full use of the scene environment, stabilize the body and camera with the help of fixed objects such as stones, railings, trunks and walls, and gradually improve the sensitivity with a larger aperture to make the shutter reach a safe shutter speed. This photo uses an aperture of f/3.5, the sensitivity is improved to ISO 800, and the shutter speed reaches 1/40 seconds. The hand-held camera clearly captures the night scene after the rain.

Expert tip: What is the safe shutter speed?

The safety shutter speed is the lowest speed that ordinary people can shoot clearly with a camera. This speed is not static. I believe many SLR enthusiasts have had this feeling. When shooting with a wide-angle lens, the vibration is usually not obvious, but if shooting with a telephoto lens, the slight vibration will be quite obvious.

In fact, the speed of the safety shutter is related to the focal length. This relationship is actually very simple. The safe shutter speed is the reciprocal of the focal length, that is, the safe shutter speed = 1/ focal length. That is to say, if shooting with a standard 50mm lens, the safe shutter speed is the reciprocal of the focal length of 1/50 seconds. If shooting with a 200mm telephoto lens, the safe shutter speed is 1/200 seconds of the reciprocal of the focal length.

Macro uses small aperture to avoid shallow depth of field.

Macro lens can be used to take close-up photos of insects, and another important factor affecting the depth of field is the shooting distance. The closer to the subject, the shallower the depth of field and the more blurred the background. Therefore, if macro photography uses a large aperture, the depth of field will be too shallow. Small and medium apertures such as f/8, f/ 1 1 and f/ 13 are often used to ensure a clear range of the picture.

Introduction to photography: manual mode, f/ 13,1160seconds ISO 200, focal length 100 mm.

100mm macro lens and close-up ring are used to shoot insects. Even with the aperture of f/ 13, the depth of field is very shallow, so it is often necessary to carefully adjust the focusing position by using the manual focusing function to focus on the insect's eyes and make the picture more vivid.

Small and medium aperture shooting landscape architecture

Small and medium apertures such as f/8, f/ 1 1 and f/ 16 are often used when shooting urban buildings and large scenes. The wide-angle lens with short focal length shows rich details and delicate levels.

Aperture priority, f/ 16, 2 seconds ISO 100, focal length 27mm, exposure compensation+1EV.

Shooting in the corner building of the Forbidden City in the early morning after the snow, a picture frame was skillfully built by using the rime covered with branches, which enriched the picture level and showed the beautiful scenery wrapped in silver. Under the small aperture setting of f/ 16, the nearby branches and distant turrets are clearly presented in the picture. If you shoot with a large aperture, the nearby branches will become blurred.

A small aperture produces a unique starry sky effect.

If there are point light sources such as the sun, street lamps, water reflection, etc. in the shot picture, if you choose to shoot with small apertures such as F/1,f/ 16 or even f/22, the picture will change magically, and these point light sources will present a beautiful starry sky effect, making people feel like they are in a dream world.

Introduction to photography: aperture priority, f/ 16, 2 seconds ISO 100, focal length 27mm, exposure compensation+1EV.

Shooting in the Qing Mausoleum, the small aperture of f/ 16 was adopted, which made the sun show clear radiation stars and made the stone archway look more majestic and dignified.

Expert tip: the relationship between the number of stars and the aperture blade.

When shooting stars with a small aperture, the stars shot by different lenses are different, and the number of stars depends on the number of aperture blades of the lens used. If the aperture blades are odd, the number of stars photographed is twice that of the aperture blades. If it is an even number, the number of stars photographed is consistent with the number of blades in the aperture. For example, EF 16-35mmf/2.8L II USM has seven aperture blades, and there will be 14 stars on the screen.