Crystal extension reading

Crystal culture has a long history, and the ancients once gave it a series of beautiful nicknames: water jade, water essence, water blue and so on.

The oldest name of Shuiyu in China is Shuiyu, which means jade is like water, and it is also said to be "melted by the ice of a thousand years". In the Stone Living Room, the Tang Dynasty poet Wen wrote: "The water jade hairpin is wearing a white scarf, and the lyre brushes the dust lightly." The word "water jade" was first used frequently in Shan Hai Jing: "Three hundred miles to the east, the Temple of Sunlight is full of water jade"; "Danshan comes out and flows into Luoshui in the southeast, among which there are many water jade"; "Out of the water, it flows into the Weihe River in the north, and there are many water jade in it." Sima Xiangru's Shang Lin Fu says: "Water and Yulei River". Crystal was named Shuiyu, and the ancients valued the texture of "bright as water and firm as jade".

In Shan Hai Jing, the crystal is also called Shuibi: "Three hundred miles south, beautiful mountains with no vegetation and plenty of water", and Guo Pu's note: "It is also a kind of water jade". This title is often quoted by scholars. Guo Jingchun's Pu Fu Jiang in the Jin Dynasty said: "Ghosts are green and dive." Crystal is called Yu Ying by some people. "Furuitu" contains "the beautiful stone is like jade, and the water essence is called yuying."

Why is aqua crystal called aqua crystal? "Guangya" has a clever solution: "the spirit of water is also"; Li Shizhen said: "Yingjie Jingguang is like an elite in the water". After careful study, the name also contains a strong religious meaning! A watery spirit was first seen in Buddhist books. Later, Han Zhiyao translated Ming Guo Jue Jing and said, "Its Taoist color is as fine as water."

Timely. Guangya said that the crystal is timely, and the white jade is also white. It is a heteronym. There is a saying in Sima Xiangru's Zi Xufu that "orpiment is white". Su Lin explained: "White people, Bai Shiying also".

Other descriptions. "Common Things with Different Names" says: "Water makes a great Qin State, a Li Nan". The crystallization of complete crystals is like staggered horse teeth, so people call it horse teeth stone. Ancestors first used it to grind glasses, so they nicknamed it glasses stone. Crystal has both common and common names. Guangzhou area is called crystal jade, also called fish brain jelly; Villagers in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province found that this crystal would "catch fire", so they gave it a common name-Flash Stone. It is not surprising that there are many names for a thing in the world, but it is rare for a crystal to have so many nicknames. Look, from Shuiyu, Shuibi, White, Yu Ying, Shuijing Yingshi, Li Nan and Jingyu to Bodhisattva Stone, Moye Stone, Glasses Stone, coloured glaze stone, Millennium Ice, Alpine Frozen, Fish Brain Frozen, etc. It simply constitutes a history of appreciating strange stones. Li Shangyin, Du Mu, Bai Juyi, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Cheng Dachang, Xin Qiji, Yang Wanli, Wu Wenying, Yang Ji, Wei Yuan and other poets all have excellent poems about crystal.

Climbing Kunlun Mountain to eat jade, I live with heaven and earth, and share the same light with the sun and the moon.

This is the earliest great poet Qu Yuan in China, and it is also the earliest poem that mentions crystal in history.

Yu Ying and Shuiyu are nicknames for early crystals. Legend has it that in ancient times, red pine nuts were taken to teach Shennong to jump into the fire and burn his own fairy crystal, clear body and fairy spirit. It contains the spirit of beauty between heaven and earth, exudes the majestic rhyme in the universe, and embodies the cultural plot of ancient civilization. Exquisite stones can sing, and singing stones can inspire poets to sing crystals. Stones and crystals have become constant objects of praise in Chu Sao, Han Fu, Tang Poetry, Song Ci and Yuan Qu, which have spawned many immortal poems in the history of China literature. Shan Hai Jing and Ji deified the crystal. "Everything is wrong" and "The True Legend" spiritualized the crystal. According to rough statistics, as a culture, there are 300 poems related to crystals in history, including nearly 100 poems in Tang Dynasty, more than 100 poems in Song Dynasty, and more than 100 poems from Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties to modern times. For example, Qu Yuan, Li Bai, Du Fu, Wei, Wang Jian and Luo Weili went to Kunlun Mountain, and even Yan Di Shennong's youngest daughter took the crystal into the fire and followed him.

If you don't want to pay the price of Qi Min, you'd rather mix with her voice. As a yellowbird, I want to be timely.

In the poem, "the beauty of winning jade" and "the beauty of clearing ice" depict the beauty of crystal texture, and "wanting to keep pace with the times" depicts the dynamic beauty of crystal full of spirituality, which is intriguing. Luo Wei is a great poet. He has a unique vision and understands the true meaning of crystal. He was the first to praise crystal for surpassing beautiful jade. His knowledge has been confirmed by scientific theories thousands of years later; Poems with crystals as the direct reciting object are:

This poem tells a historical fact that the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline. At the end of Xuanzong, Yang Guifei was in favor, and the three sisters were named as the wives of the country. They are pampered and extremely luxurious. The servant brought delicious food to the party with crystal plates. Beauty feels tasteless and is too lazy to move chopsticks. Zituo, as a "poet saint" and an "epic", wrote a paragraph about diet, without empty comments, only revealing the facts to the fullest, without any sarcasm or sigh, but making people gain something from the outside: poetry is also ironic. Taking history as a mirror, it is not normal for such a world and such a person to avoid such a catastrophe as the "An Shi Rebellion".

Of course, the fate of the crystal and the ancients, today's people will have some feelings in the collection process. brief introduction

Crystal ornamental stone is the most representative work in crystal, which has ornamental value that other gems do not have. Whether it is jadeite or jadeite, it must be carved to reflect its value, while the crystal ornamental stone only needs to polish the surface, that is, to show the substance wrapped in the crystal and directly appreciate the original crystal stone.

nature

Nature is the basic feature of crystal ornamental stones. Usually, the crystal minerals with overall shape have high ornamental value without decoration and carving, but the inclusion crystal ornamental stones often need to be polished properly, which is more convenient for viewing the inclusions in the crystal.

trait

The shape, texture and internal characteristics of crystal ornamental stones are often very strange. Natural scenery is infinite, and it can be found in inclusion crystal species.

thin

Crystal is a non-renewable resource. With the deepening of development, the stock of crystals is getting less and less. For the sake of sustainable development, Donghai county government has long formulated policies to protect local resources and encourage the development of overseas crystal resources. However, overseas resources are getting less and less, and many countries have raised the threshold for mining and exporting to crystals. The price of foreign crystals entering the East China Sea market has soared year after year, among which the price of ornamental crystals has risen faster than that of ordinary crystals.

keep patience

The chemical composition of the crystal is mainly silicon dioxide, and the chemical stability of the crystal is quite good; The hardness of the crystal is very large, and its Mohs hardness is 7. These decide that the crystal will not rot and deteriorate, and it is durable and easy to store, which is very suitable for collection.

Inclusion class

There are many kinds of mineral inclusions in the crystal, and various landscapes can be observed by naked eyes. This crystal is periclase. Because crystal itself is a gem, people call inclusion crystal "gem-level ornamental stone". The inclusion crystal ornamental stone is unique and has high appreciation and collection value.

Inclusion crystal ornamental stones can be divided into the following three types according to the order of inclusion formation:

The first is "total inclusion", which encapsulates these substances in the crystal during crystallization. Most of the scenes formed by this inclusion keep the original state of crystal crystallization, that is to say, they have been preserved for hundreds of millions of years and are rarely affected by the natural environment.

The second is "semi-inclusive". After the crystal is crystallized, some substances outside the crystal penetrate into the crystal through the cracks of the crystal due to the influence of the earth's gravity, some of which are wrapped in the crystal and the other are exposed outside the crystal. We can see the substance seeping into the crack of the crystal, which is often called "channel". The scene formed by this kind of inclusion is relatively influenced by natural environment and time, and its corresponding value is relatively low. .

The third is "shadow scene", which is caused by some other minerals and crystals, or attached to the crystal surface because of the erosion of other substances, or the crystal is affected by the natural environment, forming some scenes or patterns on the crystal surface. This landscape exists on the crystal surface.

Crystal inclusions are rich and colorful, from gas and liquid to various minerals and even gems, which can be included in the crystal, and the scenes of various inclusions are even more varied. According to the content of inclusions, inclusion crystals are usually divided into the following eight categories:

Crystal cat eye, ordinary titanium cat eye, copper cat eye, quartz cat eye, green wool crystal cat eye.

Starlight crystal, visible starlight titanium crystal, starlight powder crystal, starlight timely.

Titanium crystal flower is made up of three groups of titanium crystals arranged on a plane, which is beautiful and rare.

Water bladder crystals, including gas, liquid and solid, can sometimes coexist in multiple states at the same time, mostly colorless. In some cases, you can see red, green, yellow, blue and black.

Hair crystals include titanium crystals, copper shunfa, green hair crystals, black hair crystals, silver hair crystals and variegated hair crystals, among which titanium crystals are the most precious, and the value of a few titanium crystals is comparable to that of diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds.

Rabbit hair crystal, with red, yellow, white and other colors, is mainly composed of slender filiform structure.

Ghost crystal can be divided into green ghost, red ghost and Honky. , mainly composed of chlorite, of which green ghost is a precious variety.

Landscape crystal is composed of inclusions in various shapes, some like mountains and rivers, some like people, some like words, some like animals, plants, utensils and so on.

Original stone

Literally, viewing the original crystal stone, that is, polished and stripped inclusion crystal and primary color crystal, does not need carving and pictographic, and has very high ornamental value and collection value. This kind of crystal ornamental stone requires very high quality. Crystal is transparent and clean, with bright colors and vivid and profound artistic conception. Its value feature is just like a diamond, and it is really the value of the stone itself.

The ornamental stone of the original crystal stone fully embodies the essence of rock crystal. The ornamental stone polished by the original crystal stone is exquisitely carved and crystal clear, and its unique design just shows the charm of the crystal. If you want to simply appreciate the crystal, the crystal original stone ornamental stone is your best choice, giving people a feeling of returning to nature.

Crystal cluster

This kind of crystal ornamental stone refers to a crystal cluster, which is a combination of many single crystals growing together. Crystal clusters are famous in the field of crystal appreciation because of their crystal clear and unique shape.

The appreciation and evaluation of this kind of crystal cluster ornamental stone mainly emphasizes the integrity of crystal, rare varieties (such as amethyst, smoky crystal, hair crystal, etc. ), strange shape, and associated rare crystals (such as cinnabar and stibnite). Crystal clusters are produced in crystal caves in mineral deposits, and few of them are perfect in appearance. It is difficult to collect it completely, so it is very expensive to collect it, and the value of fine crystal clusters is also very expensive.

The characteristics of several common varieties of crystal cluster ornamental stones colorless spar is produced under pure conditions, completely colorless and transparent, without cracks and other defects. Smoke crystal smoke crystal is a series of spar that changes from light yellow brown to dark brown and then deepens to approximate black, which is also the lowest value spar. Tea crystal Tea crystal is a kind of smoke crystal with different shades of dark brown. Mo Jing Mo Jing is about black, also known as "smoke spar". Amethyst Amethyst colors are grape purple, light purple and deep red, among which purple is stronger, the color is positive and bright, and the transparency is high. Topaz, also known as topaz, has light yellow, yellow and orange yellow, preferably similar to topaz gem. Natural topaz is rare and expensive. Topaz is similar to topaz and is often used as a substitute for topaz. There are hair crystals and bristle crystals in all kinds of crystals. Among all kinds of crystals, there are needle-shaped, hairy or fibrous crystals, as well as water ripple, vortex, fan-shaped bristle, bidirectional intersection or multidirectional intersection. This kind of crystal is usually called hair-like crystal and bristle-like crystal. Crystal cave

Crystal caves include amethyst caves and cornucopia, and generally contain timely crystals inside.

Geologists have not reached a broad consensus on the theory of the formation of crystal caves, but believe that crystal caves can be formed in any buried caves. These caves can be bubbles in igneous rocks, holes under roots, or even holes dug by animals. After a long time, the outer wall of the cavity hardens and dissolved silicate or calcite is deposited on the inner wall. After a long time, the slowly infiltrating minerals make the crystals crystallize in the cavity.

Timely (single crystal Shi Ying). White Crystal, Amethyst, Topaz, Tea Crystal, Smoke Shi Ying, Powder Crystal, Milk Shi Ying, Rutile Shi Ying, Cat's Eye Red Crystal. (Red Shi Ying) and other green ghosts (chalcopyrite crystals) cryptocryst.

The shape of the crystal is so fine that it needs a microscope to see it clearly. The appearance looks smooth and blocky. The most common agates are strip agate, moss agate, blue lace agate, agate with water, carnelian and so on. The world crystal king is produced in Brazil.

Material: single crystal crystal

Specification: height 260cm 153cm

(This crystal weighs 28.6 tons and is pure single crystal silica, hexagonal. )

The largest and most perfect faceted amethyst in the world, with the size of 7 1.5mm×58.5mm×46.3mm, is cut into faceted water droplets. Weight 1030 carat, Sri Lanka origin, deep purple with pink tone, rich in color saturation. Standard cutting and grinding ratio, extremely pure inside. This gem is by far the largest and most perfect faceted amethyst in the world and a rare crystal in the world.