The Apollo moon landing was fake

The most common questions raised by supporters of the moon landing conspiracy theory mainly lie in the following points, which have actually been scientifically refuted:

1. Question: In the moon landing photos No stars

* Explanation: The moon has no air, so objects can directly reflect sunlight. If the exposure time of the film is long enough to reflect the stars, it will be overexposed and cannot reflect the astronauts it is intended to reflect. and lunar landing equipment

2. Question: The photos of the landing site of the lunar landing craft did not hit the crater on the ground

* Explanation: Because reverse jets were used, the landing was not a hard impact< /p>

3. Question: When the lunar lander lands, it will jet to slow down and blow away nearby sand, so it is impossible to leave astronauts’ footprints

* Explanation: There is no air on the moon, so The jet will not cause turbulence, only the dust under the lunar lander will be blown away, and it will only be scattered to the side

4. Question: The only light source on the moon should be the sun, but in the photo there is a shadow The objects in the object are still reflective, so they must be filled in with equipment

* Explanation: From the moon, you can see the earth, which is 15 times the size of the moon seen from the earth, and 100 times the luminosity; Moreover, the surface of the moon is very reflective and acts like a reflector (according to Mythbusters, the reflectivity of the moon is about 10%)

5. Question: Under a single light source (the sun) The shadows should be parallel, but the shadows in the moon landing photos are not parallel

* Explanation: The moon's surface is not flat, and the shadows on the slopes are not parallel to the shadows on the flat ground. It is normal. In addition, if there are There cannot be only one light source, so there cannot be only one shadow, so the only explanation is that the ground is uneven and there cannot be multiple light sources

6. Question: The backgrounds of multiple different photos are the same, which proves that the background is just a scenery board< /p>

* Explanation: The background in multiple photos is the same distant mountain, and the angles in each photo are different, not exactly the same; if it is a set board, there will be no angle difference

7. Question: As long as the astronauts in the lunar lander move a little, the lunar lander will deviate from the orbit and crash

* Explanation: This is because they are not familiar with the control of the lunar lander. An imaginary fallacy. In fact, the lunar lander can automatically adjust its response

8. Question: The lunar lander's escape rocket did not have a flame when it was ejected, so it must have been hoisted by a crane rather than a rocket

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* Explanation: There are many flames that cannot be seen with the naked eye. The fuel of the lunar landing craft will originally produce flames that are invisible to the naked eye; the same is true for the flames of jet fighters

9. Question: The fragility of the lunar landing craft and the engine power are obviously inferior to those of the lunar landing rocket, and it is impossible to escape from the lunar gravity circle.

* Explanation: The moon's gravity is only one-sixth that of the earth, and it has no atmosphere. The fuel required is much smaller than that of leaving the earth's surface. Moreover, leaving the lunar gravity circle is a matter for the command module and service module. The lunar landing boat only needs to return to the lunar orbit.

10. Question: If you replay the moon landing video in slow motion, you will find that it is the same as the action on the ground. Therefore, we just used different speeds after filming on the earth to fake the low gravity of the moon

< p> * Explanation: The dust raised by the lunar rover falls back to the ground in a parabola, rather than being scattered by air resistance like when the earth has air; in addition, even if the speed of each action matches the general action of the earth, it will still The difference is that MythBusters has also tried to fake the same photos using various Hollywood shooting techniques, but still cannot produce the same action sequences. The same actions can only be done on a simulated low-gravity aircraft, but the aircraft The low gravity time and space were not enough to film the moon landing footage, proving that the footage could not have been faked under Earth's gravity.

11. Question: When the astronauts planted the national flag, the flag was obviously blown by the wind, but there should be no air on the moon

* Explanation: The national flag is supported by metal rods and under vacuum Because there is no air obstruction, the inertial motion of the metal rod can be maintained for a long time; rumor millers have also conducted experiments in vacuum to prove this

12. Question: There is no atmosphere and liquid water on the moon The footprints cannot be so clear

* Explanation: It is precisely because there are no such things on the moon that the sand is not weathered into round particles and easy to collapse like on the earth; the sand particles are more irregular The shape makes it difficult to change the arrangement without water. This experiment was tested by MythBusters and proved that irregular-shaped sand can still give clear footprints without water and in a vacuum.

13. Question: The astronauts who refused to cooperate are all dead.

* Explanation: Conspiracy theories are pervasive. Conspiracy theorists cannot prove that the astronauts who died accidentally were "refuses to cooperate."

14. Question: The United States could develop something from scratch within ten years without technological advancement, but it has not landed on the moon again for forty years. Today’s technology is more advanced than before, but it takes twenty years. Get ready to go to the moon.

* Explanation: Different development goals. Back then it was just a matter of risk and planting the flag. Subsequently, the U.S. Congress and the public often deleted the exploration budget on the grounds that space exploration was not beneficial to people's livelihood and the United States participated in the Vietnam War, and demanded that the space program shift to caring for the earth. The current plan to return to the moon is mainly to develop helium-III minerals. The complexity of the latter is far incomparable to that of planting a flag and leaving to promote the country's prestige. Moreover, the progress of large-scale projects cannot sometimes be measured simply by the level of technology: for example, the first generation of nuclear weapons was built before humans used computers. In the early 20th century, large fleets of powerful countries were fighting on the oceans. To this day, The scientific and technological capabilities of all major countries are far superior to those of the past, but not every country has the ability to build naval fleets and nuclear weapons at the level of the United States and Japan.

15. Question: The master tapes of the moon landing are missing

* Explanation: What was lost in the slow TV broadcast used for the moon landing was the first batch of dynamic films transferred from the master film, not mother film. And it has been found and made public again.

16. Question: The astronauts who landed on the moon, such as Armstrong, Adelin, and even NASA officials, have remained silent or have not responded directly to the moon landing. (Conspiracy theory two: Some of the astronauts who landed on the moon died on the moon, and the astronauts who are alive today are stand-ins.)

* Explanation: Both men’s memoirs mentioned the moon landing and condemned conspiracy theorists for “even if they brought When they go to the moon, they will only think it is another studio." NASA officials considered publishing a special book to deny conspiracy theorists in 2002, but after receiving a large number of complaints that NASA's move too elevated the status of conspiracy theories, they terminated the contract with the author. But the author of the book decided to publish it anyway.

17. Question: The Saturn V blueprint was lost and was not used in subsequent plans.

* Explanation: 1. The Saturn V is still physically on public display. 2. The Space Laboratory after the Apollo program and the orbital rendezvous with the Soviet spacecraft all used Saturn V rockets. 3. Earth orbit missions do not require a Saturn V-class rocket to be propelled, just as buying food at a convenience store at your doorstep does not require taking a plane. 4. The design of the Saturn V is outdated from today's perspective, and a new rocket is about to be born.

18. Question: The "Moon Goddess" probe launched in 2007 found no trace of the "Apollo" moon landing

* Explanation: Japan's lunar exploration satellite "Moon Goddess" "" is a three-star satellite, including a main satellite and two sub-satellites. The main satellite "Kaguya" that took the photos has a flight orbit altitude of 100 kilometers, but the spatial resolution of the CCD camera on the satellite is 10 Many meters, at least lunar objects larger than 50 to 60 meters can be distinguished in photos. The landers and lunar rovers of "Apollo" 15 and 17 were about 2 to 3 meters in size. It is impossible to show traces of the lunar rovers and landers in the photos of "Kaguya".

Other evidence that logically proves that conspiracy theories have no basis

1. The Soviet Union also had a space program at the time. If the U.S. moon landing plan was a fake, the Soviet Union should be the first to come out lay bare.

2. The moon landing plan placed reflectors on the moon, so as long as the correct location is known, high-power, large-aperture lasers can be used to illuminate the point and get reflections; only artificial objects can do this.

3. Observatories and telescopes around the world can illuminate the lunar surface, and the wreckage of the lunar landing craft can be seen with higher resolutions; conspiracy theorists can only generalize that all telescopes in the world They are all falsifying data, but they cannot explain why they are falsifying it, and why even observatories of countries hostile to the United States are cooperating with the United States to falsify data.

4. The United States obtained many lunar rock samples when it landed on the moon, and once donated a small number of lunar rock samples to China after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States (specifically on May 20, 1978) Scientific institutions. The Soviet Union's unmanned lunar lander also recovered more than 300 grams of lunar rock samples, the composition of which is consistent with the analysis of rocks brought back by the United States.

5. There are tens of thousands of people involved in the U.S. moon landing program, and it is impossible to keep it secret.

6. In order to avoid the failure of counterfeiting, theoretically there should be as few moon landings as possible to achieve the best confidentiality effect, but the moon landings were carried out more than ten times.

Conspiracy? Yuanmouye

Those who create "conspiracy theories" believe that the "Apollo" manned moon landing was completely fake and the biggest scientific hoax of the 20th century. They believe that the reason why NASA wants to create lies and deceive the public is to create false impressions and defeat the former Soviet Union in one fell swoop; the other purpose is to divert the attention of the American public and cover up the plight of the "Apollo" program that cost a lot of money but still fell into failure. But it is a pity that the "scientific arguments" listed in the "Apollo manned moon landing" "conspiracy theory" are so flimsy and not worth refuting, and some of them seem relatively low-level and vulgar. The public who have some knowledge about the moon can completely explain it through careful thinking.

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Another thing I take for granted, could you please use a search engine to search for "Apollo Lunar Module" before making such nonsense?

First of all, the gravity of the moon is only 1/6 of the earth, and the moon does not have an atmosphere as dense as the earth. Another very important point is that a large amount of fuel is used for rockets taking off from the earth. Push the remaining fuel and the upper stages of the launch vehicle.

The Apollo spacecraft consisted of three parts: the command module, the service module and the lunar module. Both the command module and the service module were flying around the moon. Only the lunar module actually landed on the lunar surface, and the lunar module The module itself is also divided into two parts. The upper part of the lunar module is the "ascending stage" that will leave the moon, while the descending stage includes equipment such as "lunar landing equipment, lunar rover, radar antenna, landing rocket engine, and camera." Some of them were left on the moon and not brought back.

The mass of the ascent stage on the lunar surface to be left is only 4.5 tons, and because the moon's gravity is only 1/6 of the Earth's, the actual weight of the ascent stage is equivalent to 750 kilograms on the Earth, which is such a light weight. And there is no resistance from the atmosphere. Do you think a three-stage rocket is needed to leave the moon? Compared with when it set off from the earth, the total weight of the Saturn 5 launch vehicle and the Apollo spacecraft was as high as more than 3,000 tons. Do you think the two can be compared?

Please adopt if you are satisfied.