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Li shangyin

I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, and each string has a youthful interval.

Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring.

Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathed their jade to the sun.

A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it.

This poem "Jinse" is Li Shangyin's masterpiece, and everyone who loves poetry is happy and the most famous. However, this is the most difficult poem to explain. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there have been many speculations.

The poem Jinse uses the first two words of the first sentence. In the old theory, this poem was originally thought to be a poem about objects, but recently it seems that all commentators claim that this poem has nothing to do with the use of musical instruments, but it is actually an "untitled" work that uses musical instruments to hide topics. In my opinion, it is really different from the general chanting of things, but it is not just an untitled poem that simply "intercepts the first two words" and begins with a metaphor, which has nothing to do with the literal. What it writes is obviously related to Joseph.

There are many misunderstandings in couplets. According to this, the poet is "fifty years old" or "nearly fifty years old", so he is so happy. Actually, it is not. "For no reason" means "for no reason" and "for no reason". The poet's idiotic words are also. There are so many strings in Jinse, neither "wrong" nor "wrong"; The poet stubbornly complained: Jinse, why do you have so many strings? In fact, there is no need for "textual research" on how many strings are in the original work and how many strings are actually in Li Shangyin's era. The poet only uses words to see the meaning. According to records, there are 50 strings in ancient musical instruments, so the number of "50" is often used in writing musical instruments, such as "Fifty strings of Xiangling are beaten by rain" and "Because of 50 strings, the middle of the road is divided into palaces", which can prove that there is no special intention in the poet's original work.

The key to "each has its own flower-like troubles and a period of youth" lies in the word "New Year". A string, a column or a sound. There are 50 strings in a stringed instrument, and the syllables are the most abundant, and its numerous sounds promote the festival, which often makes the listener difficult to conceive. Poets never want to let people die and dig for "numbers". He said: Listen to the complicated strings of Jinse and think about China's past; The sound is complicated and confusing, so it's hard to say. The 50-string aims to "create an atmosphere" to see the weight of the past and the feelings of the nine songs. To appreciate Yuxi's poems, we must first understand the main idea, but we should not stick to the drum and column instruments. He Zhu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said, "Who is the degree of golden flowers?" ("Jade Case") Yuan Hao, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, asked: "The beauty Jin Se complains about the New Year!"

(On Thirty Poems) Chinese New Year is a wonderful youth. The most important "main eye" of Yuxi's poem lies in the wonderful New Year, so it is just pedantic to use "50-year trip" to recall "49 years".

The intention of the alliance is clear. Let's see how he undertakes it.

The last sentence of Zhuan Xu uses an allegorical allusion from Zhuangzi, saying that Zhuang Zhou dreamed that he was a butterfly and flew vividly ... he forgot that he was "Zhuang Zhou". Later, when I woke up, it was still Zhuang Zhou at home, and I didn't know where the butterfly had gone. Yuxi wrote such a sentence: A beautiful woman, a beautiful musical instrument and a complicated string awakened the poet's dream and stopped sleeping. Lost, gone, does not mean. Let's take a look at what he said in "Autumn Night Thoughts": "Cold village pillow butterflies go", go and leave, go and die, which is his so-called fans. Although Meng Xiao butterfly was born in Zhuangsheng, once it was used in Yuxi, it was not only a "lifelike" problem, but also an illusory dream. The king of the next sentence in this couplet is the legendary monarch of Shu in the late Zhou Dynasty, named Du Yu. Later, the Zen position retired, and unfortunately the country died. After death, the soul turned into a bird. As for the bleeding in the mouth, its voice is sad and touching, named Du Fu. Du Yu's spring, what does this have to do with Jinse? It turned out that the complicated strings and plaintive songs of the golden harp aroused the poet's infinite sadness. His unspeakable grievances, such as Du Fu's plaintive voice, sent him home in the spring. The word "Tuo" not only wrote Du Yuzhi's entrustment to Du Fu, but also wrote the entrustment of beauty to brocade, the waving of hands, the interest of flowers falling into the water, and the poet's wonderful pen, which reached a climax.

It seems that Yuxi's "Love for Du Fu" expresses hatred for birds, and the word "resentment" put forward in "Beauty Jinse complains about the New Year" is just right. Yuxi's poem eulogizes the golden harp, which is extraordinary and carefree, and has a strange feeling that I hate.

After the couplet, the poem has been "started" and "closed", and it is time to "turn" the pen. When the pen comes here, the previous situation has reached a very small level, which seems to be a knot, meaning to be applied. Here, touching the pen and ink, it seems to be "getting up" again. His brushwork is like a towering mountain peak, or a broken line, or pushing the pen down, or slow and tight ... The technique may be different, but the thread of God is turning and has been paying attention. At this time, Yuxi wrote the famous sentence "Mermaids shed pearl-like tears down a moon-green sea".

Beads are born in mussels, and mussels are born in the sea. Whenever the moon is bright and quiet, mussels will open their mouths to raise their pearls, and pearls will grow into moonlight before the aurora shines. This is a beautiful folk tradition. The moon is a pearl in the sky, like a bright moon in water; Tears, like beads, are natural since ancient times. Jiao Ren's tears turned into pearls, which is also a strange sight in the sea. In this way, the bright moon falls between the seas, and pearls are bathed in tears. The moon, pearls and tears are three votes in favor and one vote against. Divided into three? Three is one? In the poet's pen, an indistinguishable fairyland has been formed. We read Tang poetry, but with such rich connotations and wonderful associations, living in Yuxi is not much.

So, is there any connection between the sea moon, tears and Jinse? Qian Qi's famous "Qin Fu" doesn't say that "25 strings play jathyapple, and you can't clear your grievances and fly away"? Therefore, the moonlit night is appropriate, and the grievances are particularly deep. In this way, the relationship between the territory of Haiyue and Sese can't be spied?

For the poet Yuxi, the realm of the sea and the moon has a particularly deep feeling. Once, due to illness, he couldn't bow to Hedong Gong's "Happy Camp to buy wine", so he wrote the sentence "Only take the bright moon in the sea and press the red city". From this perspective, on the one hand, he appreciates this situation, on the other hand, he is very sad and lonely: a complex and unspeakable disappointment.

Si Kongtu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, quoted a passage from Dai Shulun who was earlier than him: "The beauty of a poet, such as the warmth of Lantian and the essence of jade, cannot be placed in front of us." The eight words used for metaphor here are exactly the same as the seven words in the next sentence of this poem, which shows that this metaphor has another source. Unfortunately, the ancient books were lost later, and it was difficult to find the source again. The explanation of this sentence has no reference today, and it is hard to say whether it is appropriate or not. Lu Ji, a writer in the Jin Dynasty, has a famous sentence in his "Wen Fu": "Stone is like jade, mountains are only light, and water is like pearls." Lantian Mountain is a famous jade-producing place in the southeast of Lantian, Shaanxi Province. This mountain is sunny and contains jade gas (the ancients thought that treasures have phosgene invisible to ordinary eyes), and Ran Ran rises. However, although the essence of Meiyu is far away, it is not close, so it is out of reach, representing an extremely beautiful ideal scenery, but it is impossible to grasp and approach. Here in Yuxi, it is under the inspiration and association of "Jade Mountain is bright, the pearl is bright, and Sichuan is charming" that the warmth of Lantian is used to make a confrontation with the previous sentence, which has a sharp contrast. Literally speaking, Lantian is also very neat to the sea, because the original meaning of Cang is cyan. Yu Xi's exquisite rhetoric can also show his talent and skills.

The two sentences of the neck couplet show that yin and yang are warm and cold, and jade is beautiful. Although the realm is different, regret is one. The poet loves and insists on this noble feeling, but he dare not profane and lament.

The tail couplet is a masterpiece of the whole article, and clearly puts forward the word "this feeling", which echoes the beginning of "China Year" at a distance, and the pen gesture is never shy. The poem says: If you feel this way, you will feel endless regret at the beginning of today's memory, that is, it was already disturbing at that time-that sentence means "Do you want to remember", which means: If you look back at today, it is a pity, so what! The poet expressed several layers of twists and turns in two sentences, and several layers of twists and turns were just to illustrate that kind of distressed mood. This is the reason why poetry is a poet, and this is the reason why Yuxi poetry is a Yuxi poet.

Yuxi's life experience, unspeakable pain, bitter feelings, stagnation in the chest, hair like poetry, deep wounds to be stung, reciprocating deep, deeply infected people. One of his farewell poems said: "I believe in many feelings, and Yang Zhu died with feelings;" The hostess is in danger, and the hostess is chilling. ..... "Zheng is a song, and it often depends on the bitterness of life and death. Based on this, I think if there is hatred in Jinse's poems about where you will go, I'm afraid it can't be said to be all arbitrary.

Three quatrains from China's Qing Palace (I)

Du Mu

Looking back at Chang 'an, Mount Li is like a pile of splendid scenery, and the gates of Huaqing Palace on the top of the mountain are opened in turn.

As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south.

There are three * * * songs in this topic, which were written by Du Mu when he passed by the Huaqing Palace in Lishan Mountain. Huaqing Palace was built in the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (723), where Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Guifei had fun. Many poets in later generations have written poems about Huaqing Palace, and Du Mu's quatrains are particularly exquisite and well-known. This poem lashed out at the extravagant life of Xuanzong and Yang Guifei through the typical event of sending litchi, with a slight artistic effect.

The first sentence describes the scenery of Mount Li where Huaqing Palace is located. The poet writes from the perspective of "looking back" in Chang 'an, just like a film photographer. First, he shows a broad and far-reaching panorama of Mount Li in front of the audience: lush trees, lush flowers and plants, palaces and castles stand among them, just like a beautiful group. "Embroidered Pile" not only refers to the East Embroidered Ridge and the West Embroidered Ridge on both sides of Mount Li, but also describes the beauty of Mount Li.

Then, the camera moves forward to show the magnificent palace on the top of the mountain. The normally closed palace door suddenly opened slowly. Then there are two close-ups: outside the palace, an emissary is riding a horse, flying fast, raising clouds of red dust behind him; In the palace, the princess smiled. Several shots seem unrelated to each other, but they all contain suspense carefully arranged by the poet. Why did "Qianmen" open? Why did "One Ride" come? Why does "concubine" laugh? The poet deliberately kept silent until the tense and mysterious atmosphere made the reader want to know, and then implicitly and euphemistically revealed the mystery: "No one knew it was litchi." "Litchi" tells the whole story. New Tang book "Biography of Yang Guifei": "My concubine loves litchi, and she wants to live it, so she rides it and travels thousands of miles. Her taste has not changed and she has arrived in the capital. " Knowing this, the suspense in front was released at once, and those shots naturally merged.

Wu Qiao's "Poems Around the Furnace" said: "Poetry has connotations, especially those who tell stories without opinions." The artistic charm of Du Mu's poems lies in its implication and profundity. In the poem, I don't understand Xuanzong's dissolute lust, imperial concubine's love and arrogance. However, the sharp contrast between "Galloping the World of Red Dust" and "Laughing at the Noble Lady" has received much stronger artistic effect than directly expressing her opinions. The word "princess laughs" has a profound meaning. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou Youwang smiled for Bo Feizi and lit a bonfire, which led to the country's demise. When we read here, is it easy to think of this well-known story? The word "unknown" is also thought-provoking In fact, "litchi lai" is not unknown, at least "concubine" knows, "riding it" knows, and there is another emperor who doesn't mention it in his poem. This writing is to show that this matter is very important and urgent, and there is no reason for outsiders not to know. This not only exposes the absurdity of the emperor's doing everything he can to please his favorite concubine, but also echoes the unusual atmosphere rendered earlier. The whole poem does not need difficult words, allusions and carvings. Simple and natural, profound and powerful. It is a masterpiece of history in the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty.

Yong he le Jing kou Gu Bei Guan nostalgia Xin qiji

It is difficult to find a hero like Sun Quan after the history of the country. The dance floor was still there, but the heroes had already gone with the passage of time. The setting sun shines on the grassland covered with grass and trees. People say that this was once the place where Emperor Wu of Song lived. Looking back, how powerful he was when he led the Northern Expedition and recovered lost ground!

However, Li Liu Yi Long, the son of Liu Wang Yilong, was a great success and made a swift northern expedition. Instead, he made the Northern Wei Emperor Wu Tuoba fly south and returned to the north bank of the Yangtze River, which was severely hit by his opponent. I have been back to the south for forty-three years, and I still remember the war scenes in Yangzhou. Looking back, there was a crow club drum under the beaver temple. Who can ask: Lian Po is too old to eat?

Enjoy 1

This poem was written in the first year of Kathy (1205). At that time, Han Biaozhou was preparing for the Northern Expedition. Xin Qiji, who has been idle for a long time, was appointed as the envoy of eastern Zhejiang the year before last. At the beginning of this spring, he was ordered to know Zhenjiang Prefecture and left Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), the key defensive place in Zhenjiang. On the surface, the court seems to attach great importance to him, but in fact it just takes his signboard as a call. After Xin Qiji took office, on the one hand, he actively arranged the preparations for military attack; But on the other hand, he was clearly aware of the sinister political struggle and his own difficult situation, and felt deeply difficult to make a difference. In the intensive Northern Expedition, he can certainly arouse his great ambition to restore the Central Plains, but he is also worried about Han Biaozhou's aggressive attitude of underestimating his enemy. This self-mature, thoughtful emotional contradiction and complex psychological state are intertwined, which is fully expressed in this short work, and has become a masterpiece that has been passed down through the ages, and has been promoted as a masterpiece by later generations (see Yang Shen's Ci Pin). This of course depends on the profound ideological content of the work first, but at the same time, because it represents the special achievements of Xin Ci in language art, the allusions are used very appropriately; Through a series of allusions, the image of the work is enriched and the theme of the work is deepened.

The title of this poem is "Looking Back at the Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou". Jingkou is an important town established by Sun Quan, the Emperor of the Three Kingdoms, and was once the capital. This is also the place where Emperor Wudi of the Southern Song Dynasty grew up. Facing the magnificent scenery and remembering the heroes in history, it is a hero like Xin Qiji who landed with the proper feeling and meaning in the title, and the ci was formed from this.

Sun Quan fought Cao Wei in a small area to the east of the Yangtze River and expanded his territory, which led to the tripartite confrontation among the three countries. Although the stars have changed, the vicissitudes of life have changed, and the stage and pavilion have disappeared, his heroic achievements are in harmony with the mountains and rivers through the ages. Emperor Wu of song grew up in poverty and weakness. Take Jingkou as the base area, pacify civil strife and replace the Eastern Jin regime. He made two northern expeditions and recovered a large area of land south of the Yellow River. These inspiring historical facts can be vividly summarized in three sentences: "I remember that year, I swallowed Wan Li like a tiger." This hero left a deep impression on later generations, so "sunset grass trees, ordinary alleys", the legendary remains of his former residence, can also arouse people's admiration. Here, the author is thinking about the past and writing about real feelings. Both Sun Quan and Emperor Wu of Song have been passed down from victorious battles and established the southeast of China. This is in stark contrast to the cowardice of the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty, who lived a quiet life in Jiangzuo and swallowed their anger.

If the first part of Ci expresses today's feelings through ancient meanings, it is still enlightening, then in the next part, the historical significance and realistic feelings revealed by the author through allusions are even more profound and obscure.

The next 12 sentences of this word have three meanings. The peaks and bends are getting deeper and deeper. Historical figures and events, turbulent blood vessels, and the poet's thoughts and feelings blended together, resulting in the depressed style and profound and broad artistic conception of the works.

The three sentences of "Yuan Jia Cao Cao" allude to reality with ancient events and sharply put forward historical lessons. This is the first floor. Historically, Song Wendi and Liu Yilong in the Southern Dynasties "have the ambition to revive Henan since they came to power" (see Zi Zhi Tong Jian? Song Ji). He failed in three northern expeditions, especially the last one in the 27th year of Yuanjia (450), and the failure was even worse. Before using the troops, he was very excited when he heard the northern expedition plan of Peng Cheng's prefect Wang and Chen, and said, "Wen and Chen said that people have the intention of sealing wolves in their houses." See Song Shu? Wang Chuan. Historical records? General Wei's "Biography of a title of generals in ancient times" records that Wei Qing and Huo Qubing's army parted ways and fought against the Huns, all of which won a great victory, so Huo Qubing "sealed the wolf from Xushan and meditated on Gu Yan". Closing a Zen ceremony is to accumulate soil for the altar on the mountain, to worship heaven for closing it, to worship heaven for Zen, and to win the merits of heaven and earth. "There are wolves in the house" means that you have the confidence to win the Northern Expedition. At that time, the Yuan and Wei Dynasties, which were divided in northern China, were not without gaps; Compared with the military strength of the north and the south, the north is not dominant. If you can plan properly and think twice before you act, it may not be a great cause, but it is entirely possible to recover part of Henan's old land. There is nothing that Emperor Wendi of Song Like is eager to get things done. He is hot-headed, does not listen to the opinions of the old general, and goes into battle lightly. As a result, not only did it fail to achieve the expected victory, but it led to Wei Yuan Tuoba-tao's massive invasion to the south, which broke the Huaihe River and the whole country's situation. This historical fact provided a thought-provoking historical lesson for the reality at that time. Xin Qiji earnestly warned the Southern Song Dynasty court: Be careful! You see, Yuan Jia's Northern Expedition, due to his hasty engagement, only ended up with the sadness of "going north".

Thought of here, Jia Xuan can't help looking back and feeling deeply. With the violent fluctuation of the author's thought, the meaning of this word deepened and turned to the second level.

Jiaxuan returned to South forty-three years ago, that is, thirty-two years in Shaoxing (1 162). As he said in the word "Partridge Sky": "In the prime of life, the banner was full of people, and at the beginning of crossing the river, the brocade suddenly rode. Yan Bing recorded silver at night, and Han Jian flew to Jinpu Valley. " The boiling years of fighting were the beginning of his heroic career. At that time, Song Jun defeated the nomads from the south in Quarrying, and Yan Hongliang was killed by his subordinates, which was inspiring. The northern rebels rose in succession and shook the rule of the Nuzhen nobles in the Central Plains. The situation is promising. Song Xiaozong, who just acceded to the throne, is also determined to recover. He used the hawkish leader Zhang Jun to actively carry out the Northern Expedition. However, after Liv's defeat, she couldn't keep going, so the Lord and the faction returned to power and made peace with Jin Guo again. Since then, the north-south division has entered a relatively stable state, and Xin Qiji's ambition can't be put to good use. "Just level this 10,000 words and exchange the insurance policy for the owner's tree planting book" (same as above). The timing is difficult to grasp. Forty-three years later, it will be much more difficult to restore the cause of the Central Plains and restore the morale of the people. The historical picture displayed by the comparison between the Fire in Yangzhou and Under the Buddhist Temple shows Jia Xuan's mixed feelings when he looks around.

What does the sentence "There is a crow club drum under the beaver temple" mean? The Buddha Temple is located on Guabu Mountain in the southeast of Liuhe County, Jiangsu Province, on the north bank of the Yangtze River. In the 27th year of Yongjia, Emperor Tuoba Tao of Wei Yuan invaded the south and built a palace on Guabu Mountain, which later became a temple. At that time, there was a nursery rhyme "Luma drinks the river, and the beaver will die next year", so people called it the Beaver Temple. This temple still existed in the Southern Song Dynasty. The beaver temple mentioned in the poem seems to be related to the invasion of Yuan and Wei Dynasties, which has caused various differences in understanding. In fact, the "God Crow Club Drum" here, that is, the scene described in Dongpo's "Huanxisha", "Young and old help to collect wheat, and five yuan incense dances compete for the God Village" is a life scene to welcome the God Games. In ancient times, greeting the gods was a popular folk custom, which was closely related to rural productive labor. Sunrise and sunset all year round, farmers pray for sunshine and rain, and all kinds of life wishes are inseparable from God. Take advantage of the social day to visit the gods, sing and dance, on the one hand, reward and entertain the gods, on the other hand, everyone gets together. In the eyes of farmers, as long as they are gods, everything in production and life will be taken care of and blessed. Where there are temples, there will be sacrificial activities of "God Crow Club Drum". As for the gods worshipped in this temple, it has nothing to do with farmers. The same is true of people who meet God at the Beaver Temple. They only worship the beaver as a god, and will never investigate the origin of this god, let alone connect the Yuan and Wei invaders more than 1000 years ago with the Jin people's invasion now. Therefore, the objective significance revealed by the "God Crow Club Drum" is only an environmental atmosphere of rural life, which needs no further study. However, the close-up of Beaver Temple in Xin Qiji's ci has profound implications. There is an internal connection with the above-mentioned "bonfire Yangzhou", which stems from the sentence "I can turn back". Forty-three years ago, Yan Yanliang invaded the south, taking Yangzhou as the base for crossing the river, and was also stationed on Guabu Mountain where the Beaver Temple was located, strictly supervising the nomads to cross the river. Compared with the past, the beaver naturally becomes a bright shadow. Jia Xuan used beaver to allude to Yan Hongliang more than once. For example, the word "Water Tune Song Tou" said: "The setting sun fills the dust, and Hu rides and hunts in the clear autumn. Han Jiaqun practiced 100,000, and the boat went up the stairs. Who throws a whip and flies across, remembers the blood and blood of the past, and worries about the wind and rain. " The word "beaver" refers to Yan Hongliang, which is just the explanation of the word. Beaver temple is a symbol of the invaders' traces left here. Forty-three years later, when Yangzhou was full of bonfires, Guabu Mountain also left the footprints of the invaders. I remember all this clearly. Now under the beaver temple, there is a peaceful and peaceful scene, and there is no fighting atmosphere at all. What Xin Qiji felt unbearable was that since the Longxing peace talks, the imperial court gave up many good opportunities to resist gold in the northern expedition, which made him return to the south for more than 40 years, and his ambition to restore the Central Plains could not be realized. Here, the deep sorrow of the times is intertwined with the feelings of personal life experience.

So, does Xin Qiji think that the opportunity has been missed and things are irreparable? Of course not. He is in favor of the Northern Expedition, but he thinks that preparations must be made. Whether the preparation is sufficient or not depends on whether the measures are appropriate or not, and depends on what kind of person is appointed to preside over it. He once suggested to the court that the military plan should be entrusted to the elders, and suggested that he take office and prepare to shoulder this burden in his later years; But instead, he sighed, "Who asked: Lian Po is too old to eat", and the meaning moved to the last level.

As long as you have read historical records? The people in Biography of Lian Po will naturally associate Lian Po, a veteran of "one meter bucket, ten catties of meat, and getting on the horse in armour" with Xin Qiji, who is "red-cheeked and white-bearded, blue-eyed, and strong" (in the poem "Hundred Flowers Garden" by Liu Guo), and feel that he used the ancients to describe himself, how full and vivid his image is, and how appropriate and vivid his metaphor is! Moreover, Jia Xuan chose this allusion for a deeper purpose, that is, he put his personal political experience on the focus of the national contradictions in the Song and Jin Dynasties and the internal contradictions in the ruling group in the Southern Song Dynasty to express his feelings, endowing the images in his ci with richer connotations, thus deepening the theme of his ci. This can be understood from the following two aspects.

First of all, Lian Po was not only a valiant soldier in Zhao, but also an old minister and veteran who could attack and defend, be brave but not prosperous, be cautious but not afraid, and be afraid of Qin in the long-term stalemate. The reason why the Prince of Zhao "recaptured Lian Po" is that he "got stung" and wanted to fight. Therefore, Lian Po's use of possessions is related to the struggle situation and the rise and fall of Zhao's national fortune, not just Lian Po's personal gains and losses. Secondly, Lian Po was not used by the prince of Zhao in the end, because his enemy Guo Kai cheated the prince of Zhao by intrigue. Lian Po's personal experience reflected the contradictions and struggles within the Zhao ruling group at that time. The historical significance revealed from this story, combined with the author's life experience in the past 43 years, especially when he was kicked off by Han Shuzhou soon and resigned from his post and returned to the south, "Jia Zheng is looking for a mouse, and Ye Gong is a good real dragon" ("Partridge? When we look back at his situation and mood when he wrote this word, we will have a deeper understanding of the depth and breadth of his worries and indignation, and we will also marvel at the superb allusions he used.

York in history? Jia Xuan's "On Ci" said: After he put forward the word "ode to fish", Jia Xuan was overjoyed and said: "My husband is more than a glass of wine." It is the taste that has changed its language. It is easy for dozens of days, but it is still wanting for months. People often draw such a conclusion from this record: Xin Qiji's allusion is a shortcoming, but he can listen to others' opinions with an open mind and his creative attitude can be described as serious. However, another important news revealed by this material has been ignored by people: Why did Yi Jiaxuan, a master of language arts, want to change the language, but he couldn't change it in the end? This just shows that although there are many allusions in this poem, these allusions are used perfectly and just right, and their function and energy in language art cannot be replaced by direct narration and description. As far as this word is concerned, the use of allusions is not Xin Qiji's shortcoming, but reflects his special achievements in language art.

Appreciate II

This poem is the masterpiece of Xin Qiji, a bold poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, and one of the best patriotic poems. It has been praised by later generations, and some even call it the first of symplectic words.

The writing of this word has a specific creative background. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the hawkish forces were always at a disadvantage. Therefore, for a long time, Xin Qiji was idle in the rural areas of Jiangxi and could not be reused. Later, Han Jue, the prime minister, used things and attached great importance to Xin Qiji. But this crony prime minister has a purpose, that is, he longs for the Northern Expedition and uses the war faction in order to gain political capital and consolidate his power in North Korea by defeating nomadic people. Xin Qiji, who is proficient in the art of war, knows that war is no joke, so he should know himself and know himself, and fight every battle. After he sent people to the north for reconnaissance, he thought that the fighter plane was immature and advocated not to make a move for the time being. I don't know, but Han Nizhou suspected him and demoted him to Zhenjiang magistrate. Gubei Pavilion is a famous building in Jingkou (Zhenjiang), which is expected to belong to the vast area north of the Yangtze River in Jin State. It is conceivable that Xin Qiji must have climbed the stairs more than once during his stay in Jingkou. When he climbed the stairs, he must have a lot of feelings in his heart, such as sticking his throat and not spitting it out, but spitting it out as a sentence.

The whole poem expresses the poet's thought of resolutely resisting gold and underestimating the enemy, expresses sympathy for the people in the occupied areas, exposes the political corruption in the Southern Song Dynasty, and also reveals the poet's anguish in serving the country.

The greatest artistic feature of this word lies in the good use of allusions. Xin Qiji is good at using allusions. When he wrote this word, he was over sixty years old. When people are old, they naturally like to talk about the past. What's more, they satirize the present with the theme of "nostalgia" without allusions. Although there are many reasons in the whole dictionary, it is quite appropriate, which does not hinder thinking, but also expresses rich content with concise sentences, which is not comparable to the general "book bag". First of all, the poet skillfully compares allusions with reality. The allusions selected in the ci are consistent with Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou, related to emperors and generals, and far involved in the historical events of the division between the north and the south in the previous generation. Using these allusions, we can make an analogy or contrast with the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty. If the heroic feats of Sun Quan and Emperor Wu of Song are used to compare the humiliation and compromise of the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty, how depressing it is; Taking advantage of the hasty northern expedition, eager to "seal the wolf in a professional position" and establish the world's meritorious service, and suffered a fiasco, it makes people feel nervous to compare Korea's stubborn and unprepared route; The story of Lian Po's demotion is compared with the trampling on talents in the Southern Song Dynasty, which is an eternal lament. Among them, the comparison between Liu Song and the Southern Song Dynasty, the comparison between the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, and the comparison between Wang's fatuous officials and those in real life show that the author is brave and fearless to those in power. Secondly, take allusions as vivid pictures and vivid language. If you use a lot of classics and they are not good, they are like sand in your eyes; If you use it a lot and use it well, you can get a concise effect. The allusions used in the words are all recreated, and there is no stiff, dull or astringent feeling. Write emperor Wu of song defeated the enemy in the north, "Jin ge tie ma, swallowing Wan Li like a tiger", and the heroic image is vividly on paper; Write Liu Yilong's rushing northward, "Yuanjia's rushing to seal the wolf in a professional position is better than rushing back", and its embarrassing situation is now in sight; Writing the scene of Tuoba Tao's celebration, "a crow club drum", its noise rings in my ears; Write his age boss, "Who can ask: Lian Po is too old to eat?" His resentment lingers at the end of his pen. Allusions, in the author's pen, have become vivid pictures, which are easy for readers to understand and accept.

All belong to the uninhibited school. Compared with Su Shi, Xin Qiji is less broad-minded and heroic and more tragic. "The river that never returns, the waves wash away all the romantic figures of the ages", "Flying stones fly over the air, crashing on the shore, rolling up thousands of piles of snow", how heroic and magnificent! This is what Xin Qiji can't do. Although the tone of the whole poem is bold, it is full of sadness and melancholy. In the last "A Mountain Through the Ages", the sentence was bold and straightforward, but "The hero is nowhere to be found" was changed and the tone was lowered. Cao Cao and Liu Bei "talk about heroes by cooking wine". Cao Cao once claimed to be "the hero of the world, but only the monarch and the minister". Later, Sun Quan was praised by Cao Cao as "having children like Sun Zhongmou", and now the lingering charm is still there? Only after the storm, red is everywhere. A word "total" makes people feel depressed. Emperor Wu of song's residence has changed, and it is easy to become an ordinary street. Swallow in front of the main hall, remember Old Master Q? The oblique setting sun painted a blush on the overgrown place, which made people want to cry. Imagine the feat of Emperor Wu of Song, which made people feel helpless! The next movie begins with the word "Cao Cao", which shows that He Wang has made their heads spin and made mistakes to their country and people. It has been forty-three years since the poet returned to the south from the north. Can there be another 43 years in life? However, his anti-gold ambition and great cause have been struggling. At this time, overlooking the hot land where rivers used to fight, the people are still struggling under foreign rule, and their hearts are bitter and bitter. The scene of Tuoba Tao's celebration of his work makes people feel sad when they think of it. Although Lian Po is old, the prince of Zhao still has a place to play, but at this time, he was reprimanded, the son of heaven was indifferent, patriotic pride was empty, and grief and indignation were beyond words.

Classics are wonderful and elegant, with deep feelings. Classics and lyricism complement each other. Xin Qiji is really a master! Appreciation of Yan Shu's "Butterfly Lovers, Chrysanthemums and Tears"

The threshold (simple four tones) chrysanthemum worries about smoke and blue tears, the curtain is light and cold, and swallows fly away. The bright moon doesn't know how to leave sorrow and hate bitterness, and shines obliquely through Zhuhu Lake.

Last night, the west wind withered the trees, and I went up to the tall building alone and looked at the horizon. To send colorful stationery and rulers, I don't know where the mountains are long and the waters are wide!

The railing leans against the green trees, and the spring breeze gently blows the willows. Who is fiddling with the sad music! A pair of swallows flew over the bead curtain. Looking around, the falling catkins are flying all over the sky. Apricots are in full bloom, and suddenly, it rains in succession during the Qingming Festival. When I woke up, I only heard the oriole crying, which disturbed my dream and I couldn't find it anymore.

This is the representative work of Yan Shu's boudoir thinking. At the top of the poem, use empathy to select the scene in front of you, inject the feelings of the protagonist and point out hatred; The next film comes from hatred, and vividly shows the protagonist's eager expression through high buildings. Wang Guowei put the word "west wind last night" in "thorns on earth"