What will happen in the Year of the Loong?

This is what must have happened in the Year of the Loong on 20 12. On March 4th, Mars crossed the sun on March 4th. After more than two years' operation, Mars and the Earth once again came to the same side of the sun and lined up in a nearly straight line with the sun, thus forming a celestial phenomenon that Mars crossed the sun. However, the passage of the sun in 20 12 was a small collision, and Mars just passed the perihelion on February 16. Therefore, the brightness of Mars this time is only-1.2 magnitude, and the apparent diameter is only 13.89 arc seconds. Although it is a small impact, it is a favorable opportunity to observe Mars before and after it hits the sun. Generally speaking, during the rendezvous for more than two years, the brightness of Mars is very bright only during the retrograde period. In these three months, it is a good time to observe Mars. At that time, as long as the weather conditions are good, Mars will appear in the eastern night sky after nightfall, and citizens can choose places with wide horizons for observation. Its brightness is about-1.3 stars, and its color is red, which is very eye-catching. As time goes by, it will gradually rise to the south at midnight and fall from the southwest sky at dawn. It is best to use an astronomical telescope when observing Mars, so that you can see the round surface of Mars more clearly. On April 16, Saturn rushed to the sun. In front of us, we paid attention to the big run and small run of Mars, but what about Jupiter and Saturn? Strictly speaking, Jupiter and Saturn also have size influence. Saturn's last big impact occurred in 2003, and the next small impact will occur in 20 18. Because Saturn is far away from the earth, this distance is only about 10% compared with the distance from the earth to Saturn, and the distance from Mars to the earth is more than 1.8 times that of Mars to the earth during the big impact. So the sizes of Jupiter and Saturn are not so obvious. However, Saturn's brightness also includes the brightness of Saturn's rings reflecting sunlight. Now from the earth, the viewing plane of Saturn's rings is increasing, so the brightness of Saturn is also increasing. The eclipse of Saturn in 20 12 occurred in the early morning of April in 16, and Saturn was closest to the earth around mid-April, which was a good opportunity to observe Saturn. Even in the night sky of a city with serious light pollution, it can be easily seen. It is best to observe Saturn 2-3 hours after dark. Among the eight classical planets in the solar system, Saturn is not the largest, the nearest and the brightest, but its remarkable feature is unforgettable, that is, the beautiful light ring. Seen from the earth, Saturn looks like wearing a big straw hat. Seen from the earth, this "big straw hat" will change periodically with the change of Saturn's relative position with the earth, and the "brim" will sometimes widen and sometimes narrow. The annular eclipse on May 2 1 day and the annular eclipse on May 20 12 can be said to be the last year with relatively good solar eclipse observation conditions in China for several consecutive years. The next large-scale observable solar eclipse in China will wait until 20 16. The annular eclipse belt starts from Beihai, Guangxi, China, passes through a small part of Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Fujian, Taipei and Zhejiang in the northeast direction, and then enters the East China Sea. After passing through southeast Japan, it enters the Pacific Ocean. Different degrees of partial solar eclipse can be seen in most other parts of China, and only a small part of the far west can't see this eclipse. People who love astrophotography must seize the opportunity, because the appearance of annular eclipse is very rare. Someone used to educate children and always said, "If you don't obey, the dog will take you away!" In fact, this stems from the ancient people's cognition of solar eclipse. According to the research of history and ancient books, China has observed solar eclipses for more than 4,000 years, and China has the earliest and most complete solar eclipse record in the world. Since the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the ancients have recorded 1000 times of total solar eclipse, annular solar eclipse and partial solar eclipse. When this annular eclipse occurs, 87% of the sun will be blocked by the moon, and most of it will be black. The eclipse over Nanjing will last for 3 minutes 3 1 sec. At 5: 40 on the same day, the sun will take away the sunrise from the eastern horizon, and reach the total eclipse at 6: 09, and the annular eclipse will last until 7: 00 16. On June 4th, a partial solar eclipse of 20 12 appeared, and the observation conditions of the eclipse were not so ideal. Only one partial solar eclipse of 0.376 can be witnessed, and different degrees of lunar eclipse can be seen in the central and eastern regions of China, but the process of this eclipse cannot be seen in the western region. In addition, there was a penumbral eclipse on June 28th, 165438+, which was not a real eclipse. However, in this penumbral eclipse, we can see that the surface of the moon has darkened to some extent. The partial solar eclipse on June 4, 20 12 is a kind of lunar eclipse. When the moon partially enters the umbra of the earth, there will be a partial lunar eclipse. When a partial eclipse occurs, the moon will be half white and half bronze. This partial solar eclipse can be seen in eastern Asia, southeastern Indian Ocean, Oceania, Pacific Ocean, Antarctica, western North America and western South America. China (except the western regions) can see the moon coming out with food. The specific time and process of partial solar eclipse are as follows: the first eclipse: 17:59:53, the moon began to enter the umbra of the earth, and observers began to find that one side of the moon's surface became dark; What to eat: 19:04:20, that is, the area covered by the earth reaches the maximum. At this time, from the earth, only a small bright moon shines. Last contact: 20:06:28, a bright moon restored the bright moonlight. On June 6th, transit of venus, transit of venus, the Earth, Venus and the sun will be in a straight line. At this time, Venus can be seen from the earth as a small black dot moving slowly on the surface of the sun. In fact, transit of venus is a kind of solar eclipse, just like the solar eclipse of the sun and the moon. The visible areas of transit of venus this time include Europe (except the southernmost tip), East Africa, Asia, Indian Ocean, Oceania, Pacific Ocean, Arctic Ocean, North America, Northwest South America and Northwest Atlantic Ocean. A complete transit process can be seen in central and eastern China, and the solar belt can be seen in the west. The earth turns eight times, and Venus turns 13 times. So every eight years or so, Venus will appear in roughly the same position. In 2004, Venus just passed in front of the sun, and eight years later, in 20 12, Venus just passed in front of the sun. But the eight-year encounter between Venus and the Earth is not exactly eight years, but a difference of about two days. However, the time of Venus passing through the ecliptic changes very slowly, and it moves in the opposite direction to the ascending and descending intersection, which makes it impossible for us to see transit of venus again in the third eight years. Fortunately, the observation conditions in transit of venus in 20 12 were very good for most parts of China. The whole process of transit of venus can be seen in most areas except some areas in the west where the sunrise has not yet started. Transit of venus is rare, but we must be fully prepared to successfully observe the transit phenomenon. First of all, we must pay attention to protecting our eyes. Never observe the sun directly with ordinary sunglasses. No matter how you observe it, don't stare at the sun for a long time. You must rest your eyes for a while. Observers must use appropriate dimming devices to protect their eyes, and it is best to use a special solar eclipse observation card, but before using it, carefully check whether the film layer of the observation card is intact and whether there are defects such as holes. We can also use welded protective glass, ordinary glass completely blackened by smoke or several layers of overexposed film as observation tools. Comparatively speaking, projection observation with telescope can achieve better results. Venus can only be seen when it enters the circular surface of the sun. Therefore, we must wait patiently for the appearance of Venus Ling's circumscribed start according to the predicted time and the position angle of Venus Ling's circumscribed start at that time. In transit observation, * * * has five special moments. Ling can't be obtained directly, and it's hard to record the moment when Ling starts to cut out. What can be recorded more accurately are: cutting in the beginning, cutting in the end and cutting out the end. After the transit, Venus cannot be seen, and the transit process is over. In Shanghai, only the engraved stone can be recorded. There will be many stars gathering in mid-August, from August 12 to August 14. In the early morning of these three days, the moon will pass in front of Jupiter, Libra (Taurus zeta) and Venus, and "store food" to these three stars respectively during these three days. However, not every occultation can be seen all over China. During the eclipse of Jupiter on June 5438+02, Chinese mainland could not see this occultation, but only in the southern part of the South China Sea. On June 5438+03, the eclipsed Taurus star was lit up in the eastern part of China, and the observation conditions in the western part were good. On June 5438+04, the moon covered Venus, which can be seen in the east and northeast of China. But only the northeast can see the whole process. August 12 to 13 coincide with the maximum period of Perseid meteor shower, and there may be multiple maxima. The waning moon has little effect on observation. On June 5438+05, Venus was far west, and on June 16, Mercury was far west. From August 12 to August 25th, the observation conditions of Mercury are relatively good. In the middle period, we can see that Mercury, Venus and Jupiter are in a straight line for the second time in the eastern sky in the early morning. Total solar eclipse 165438+ 10/3 and 14+ 10/3 and 14, that is, the sun, the moon and the moon. This solar eclipse, the total solar eclipse belt starts from northern Australia, passes through northeastern Australia, southern Oceania and the South Pacific, and ends in the eastern South Pacific. All of China can't see the total solar eclipse.