Guangzhou Historical Building Group

1. What are the famous landmark buildings in Guangzhou and what districts are they located in?

Haizhu District: Canton Tower, Pazhou Exhibition Center Tianhe District: CITIC Plaza, West Tower, and Museums in Huacheng Square , Opera House Yuexiu District: Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Wuyang Statue, Zhenhai Tower Liwan District: Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, White Swan Baiyun District: Guangzhou Stadium Huadu District: Baiyun International Airport Introduction to the main famous buildings in Guangzhou: 1. Canton Tower Canton Tower (English: Canton Tower) also known as Guangzhou New TV Tower, nicknamed Xiaomanyao, is located near Chigang Tower in Haizhu District (Yizhou Island), Guangzhou City, 125 meters from the south bank of the Pearl River, and close to Zhujiang New Town, Huacheng Square, and Haixinsha Island Facing each other across the river.

The main body of the Guangzhou Tower is 454 meters high, the antenna mast is 146 meters high, and the total height is 600 meters. It is the tallest tower in China and the second tallest tower in the world, second only to Tokyo Skytree.

The Canton Tower is equipped with the "Spider-Man Plank Road" at 168 meters - 334.4 meters, which is the world's tallest and longest aerial walking ladder. There is a revolving restaurant at 422.8 meters on the tower, which is the highest revolving restaurant in the world.

There is a Ferris wheel at 450~454 meters at the top of the tower, which is the highest Ferris wheel in the world. There is a "Speed ??Sky" downhill amusement project at 455 to 485 meters on the antenna mast, which is the world's highest vertical downhill amusement project.

There is an outdoor photography viewing platform at 488 meters of the antenna mast. It is the highest outdoor viewing platform in the world, surpassing the 442-meter outdoor viewing platform of Burj Khalifa in Dubai. , and the height of the CN Tower’s “Sky Canopy” of 447 meters. 2. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall is located on Dongfeng Middle Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. It was built with funds raised by the people of Guangzhou and overseas Chinese in memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sen.

Construction of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall started in January 1929 and was completed in November 1931. In 1956, a recast 5-meter-tall bronze statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen stood in front of the memorial hall.

In 1963, the memorial hall underwent large-scale renovations. The roofs were all made of blue glazed tiles. Iron fences were built around the park of more than 60,000 square meters, and many trees and flowers were planted in the park. Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall is an octagonal building with a solemn and majestic appearance and strong national characteristics.

The designer cleverly used the structural principles of architectural mechanics and adopted a steel frame and reinforced concrete hybrid structure. There is no column in the building space with a span of 71 meters. 3. Chen Clan Ancestral Hall Chen Clan Academy, commonly known as Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, is located on Zhongshan 7th Road, Guangzhou.

The Chen Family Ancestral Hall is the most artistic architectural complex with Guangdong characteristics among the existing ancestral halls in Guangdong. It has a strict layout, exquisite decoration and grandeur. It is a national key cultural relic protection unit. Since the 21st century, Chen's Academy has been twice selected into the "Eight Scenic Spots of Guangzhou in the New Century" in the name of "ancient temple with a long history" and is known as the "Cultural Business Card of Guangzhou". It has become the most cultural and artistic museum and a famous tourist attraction in the Lingnan region.

4. Zhenhai Tower Zhenhai Tower, also known as Wanghai Tower, is located on Xiaopanlong Gang in Yuexiu Mountain (Yuexiu Park), Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China. It is one of the landmark buildings in Guangzhou City and a Guangdong Provincial Cultural Relic. Protective unit. The whole building is 25 meters high, rectangular in shape, 31 meters wide and 16 meters deep.

The lower two floors of walls are made of red sandstone strips, and the third floor and above are brick walls. The outer walls are reduced layer by layer. There are 5 layers of compound eaves, covered with green glazed tiles, and decorated with Shiwan colored glazed tiles. Yuhua Ridge, built with vermilion walls and green tiles, is majestic and is known as "the first scenic spot in Lingnan". Zhenhai Tower is located on Xiaopanlonggang in Yuexiu Mountain.

The building was also known as "Wanghai Tower". Because the river in Zhuhai was very wide at that time, "Wangjiang" was changed to "Wanghai". Because the building is 5 stories high, it is also commonly known as the "five-story building".

The stele gallery in front of the building has inscriptions from past dynasties, and 12 ancient cannons are displayed on the right side. In the 13th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1380), when Zhu Liangzu, Marquis of Yongjia, expanded the city of Guangzhou, he extended the north city wall to Yuexiu Mountain and built a five-story building on the mountain for a spectacular view.

Zhenhai Tower has been destroyed and rebuilt five times in history. The current building is a reinforced concrete structure, which was converted from a wooden frame during the renovation in 1928. In 1929, it became the Guangzhou Municipal Museum.

In 1950, it was renamed the Guangzhou Museum and displays cultural relics and historical materials of the development of Guangzhou City over 2,000 years by dynasty. In March 2013, Zhenhai Tower was included in the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

5. Pazhou Convention and Exhibition On March 15, 2004, the China Foreign Trade Center and the Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government signed a memorandum of understanding, and the Foreign Trade Center officially obtained the operation and management rights of the Guangzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center. Currently, the Foreign Trade Center operates and manages the two largest exhibition halls in Guangzhou - China Export Commodities Fair Pazhou Complex (i.e. Guangzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center) and Liuhua Road Exhibition Hall. The total indoor exhibition area of ??the two pavilions reaches 250,000 square meters.

Among them, the first phase of the Pazhou Complex covers an area of ??414,000 square meters, with a construction area of ??395,000 square meters, 13 exhibition halls on the first and second floors, a display area of ??approximately 130,000 square meters, and an outdoor exhibition area of ??22,000 square meters. Square meters, it was officially put into use at the end of 2002 and is currently the largest convention and exhibition center in Asia.

6. Guangzhou West Tower Guangzhou West Tower, also known as Guangzhou International Financial Center, is located in the core financial and business district of Zhujiang New Town, southwest of Zhujiang New Town, Guangzhou City, China, with Pearl River Avenue to the east, Huaxia Road to the west, Huajiu Road to the south, and Huacheng to the north. Avenue, surrounded by five-star hotels and high-end office buildings, together with the Guangdong Provincial Museum, Guangzhou Grand Theater, Guangzhou Library and Guangzhou Second Children's Palace, form the five landmark buildings of Pearl River New Town.

Its unique regional height and functional combination have become one of the most charming and commercially powerful landmark buildings in Guangzhou, injecting new impetus into Guangzhou's economic development. 7. Guangzhou Grand Theater The Guangzhou Grand Theater is one of the landmark buildings on the new central axis of Guangzhou. It is currently the most advanced, complete and largest comprehensive performing arts center in South China.

Located next to Huacheng Plaza in Zhujiang New Town, as a dazzling cultural landmark, it boldly explores new theater management models and reform and development paths for China. The Guangzhou Grand Theater was designed by the British-Iraqi designer Zaha Hadid, the first woman to win the Pritzker Architecture Prize. It is her debut and famous work in China.

The Guangzhou Grand Theater is like two spiritual stones washed by the water of the Pearl River. Its peculiar shape is full of whimsy. Dr. Harold Marshall, the world's top acoustic master, has carefully built the acoustic system for the Guangzhou Grand Theater, which has reached world-class levels and delivered near-perfect audio-visual effects. It has received high praise from the global architectural community and artists, and has won great praise for China. Won many honors. 2. What are the famous ancient buildings in Guangzhou

1. Tomb of the Nanyue King of the Western Han Dynasty The Tomb of the Nanyue King of the Western Han Dynasty is located on Xianggang Mountain on Jiefang North Road in Guangzhou. It is the tomb of Zhao Quan, the second generation king of the Nanyue Kingdom in the early Western Han Dynasty. .

Zhao Quan was the grandson of Zhao Tuo and was known as Emperor Wen. He reigned from 137 to 122 BC. The tomb was discovered in June 1983. After the excavation was completed, the Museum of the King of Nanyue of the Western Han Dynasty was established on the site. It is a national key cultural relic protection unit.

During the excavation in 1983, the unearthed cultural relics included the "gold seal of Emperor Wen's seal" and the jade seal of "Zhao Huang", proving the identity of the owner of the tomb. The excavation of the tomb of King Wen of Nanyue is hailed as one of the five major new archaeological discoveries in modern China.

The tomb of the Nanyue King of the Western Han Dynasty has been opened as a museum. 2. Flower Pagoda The Flower Pagoda is located in Liurong Temple, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province.

The pagoda was built in the third year of Liang Datong (537 AD) and was later destroyed by fire. It was rebuilt in the fourth year of Shaosheng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1097 AD).

It has been repaired many times since. During the comprehensive renovation in 1980, a brick inscription with the title of the Northern Song Dynasty was found between the tower walls.

Brick and wood structure, octagonal plane, nine floors on the outside, seventeen floors on the inside including the dark floor, 57.6 meters high, pavilion style. The tower body is a shaft-type structure with a diameter of 12 meters on the first floor and auxiliary steps.

The stairs in the tower are designed to pass through the tower wall and surround the flat seats. The outer layers of the tower body are surrounded by corridors. The eaves of each layer are covered with green glazed tiles. The top of the eaves is slightly warped, shaped like a bird spreading its wings. Under the sun, the glaze shines brightly, the red columns and green tiles, and the red pillars and pink walls. The whole tower is like nine carved flowers stacked one on top of another, brilliant and bright.

The top of the tower is a 9.14-meter-high Thousand Buddhas copper pillar cast in the 18th year of Yuan Zhizheng (AD 1358). The pillar body is densely covered with 1023 small relief Buddhas, as well as the Nine-Sky Treasure Plate and the nine-layer Nine-Sky Treasure. The entire series of components including the wheel, a double-dragon treasure plate and eight iron chains weighs a total of 5 tons. This tower is spectacular and gorgeous, with a sharp edge like a flower column soaring into the sky, tall and handsome.

The Flower Tower stands in the center of Guangzhou, adding a lot of color to Guangzhou and offering a bird's-eye view of the city. The giant bronze Buddha statue and the bronze Guanyin statue in Liurong Temple are ancient cultural relics with artistic value.

3. Guangxiao Temple Guangxiao Temple, one of the famous ancient building complexes in Guangdong, is located at the northern end of Guangxiao Road near Jinghui Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. According to the Records of Guangxiao Temple, it was originally the former residence of Zhao Jiande, king of Nanyue, in the second century BC.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Yu Fan of the State of Wu was relegated to live here and built it into a garden, known as Yu Garden in the world. After Yu Fan died, his family left their house as a temple.

The name of the temple has been changed several times. It was first named Zhizhi Temple. In the fifth year of Long'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (401), it was called Wuyuan Temple. In the Tang Dynasty, it was called Qianming Faxing Temple. In the Five Dynasties and the Southern Han Dynasty, it was called Qianheng Temple. It was called Wanshou Temple, and in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was called Baoen Guangxiao Temple. Soon after, the word Guang was changed to Guang, and then it was renamed Guangxiao Temple. Guangxiao Temple has a rigorous architectural structure, majestic temples, and many cultural relics and historical sites.

For example, the Main Hall was built in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Xibo Spring dug by Bodhidharma in the Southern Dynasty, the Qifa Pagoda and the Stone Sutra Building in the Tang Dynasty, the Thousand Buddhas Iron Pagoda in the Southern Han Dynasty, and the Sixth Patriarch Hall in the Song and Ming Dynasties. , the Reclining Buddha Hall, as well as inscriptions, Buddha statues, myrobalan trees, bodhi trees, etc., are all precious Buddhist relics. In 1961, the State Council announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

On March 5, 1986, with the approval of the State Council, the temple was managed by the religious department. 4. Zhenhai Tower Zhenhai Tower, also known as Wanghai Tower, is located on Xiaopanlong Gang in Yuexiu Mountain (Yuexiu Park) in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China. It is one of the landmark buildings in Guangzhou City and a Guangdong Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Unit.

The whole building is 25 meters high, rectangular in shape, 31 meters wide and 16 meters deep.

The lower two floors of walls are made of red sandstone strips, and the third floor and above are brick walls. The outer walls are reduced layer by layer, with 5 layers of compound eaves, covered with green glazed tiles, decorated with Shiwan colored glaze fish flower ridges, vermilion walls and green It is made of tiles and is majestic. It is known as "the first scenic spot in Lingnan".

Zhenhai Tower is located on Xiaopanlonggang in Yuexiu Mountain. The building was also known as "Wanghai Tower". Because the river in Zhuhai was very wide at that time, "Wangjiang" was changed to "Wanghai".

Because the building is 5 stories high, it is also commonly known as the "five-story building". There are inscriptions from past dynasties on the stele gallery in front of the building, and 12 ancient cannons are displayed on the right side.

In the 13th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1380), when Zhu Liangzu, the Marquis of Yongjia, expanded the city of Guangzhou, he extended the north city wall to Yuexiu Mountain and built a five-story building on the mountain for a spectacular view. Zhenhai Tower has been destroyed and rebuilt five times in history. The current building is a reinforced concrete structure. It was rebuilt from a wooden frame during reconstruction in 1928.

In 1929, it became the Guangzhou Municipal Museum. It was renamed the Guangzhou Museum in 1950 and displays cultural relics and historical materials of Guangzhou's development over more than 2,000 years by dynasty.

In March 2013, Zhenhai Tower was included in the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 5. Chen's Academy Chen's Academy, commonly known as Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, is located on Zhongshan 7th Road, Guangzhou.

Chen's Academy was planned to be built in the 14th year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1888) and completed in the 20th year (1894). Chen's Academy is the largest, gorgeously decorated and well-preserved traditional Lingnan ancestral hall-style building in Guangdong. It is known as the "Pearl of Lingnan Architectural Art". Decorative arts such as gray sculpture, pottery sculpture, copper and iron casting, and painting are a dazzling palace of folk decorative arts.

There are 284 architectural sculptures in Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, including 58 stone sculptures, 57 wood sculptures, 57 gray sculptures, 58 ceramic sculptures, 41 brick sculptures, 13 bronze and iron castings and murals. . Chen Clan Ancestral Hall is a national key cultural relic protection unit.

The Chen Clan Ancestral Hall is also the location of the Guangdong Folk Craft Museum, a national first-class museum. In addition to the long-term exhibitions such as "Guangdong Traditional Sculpture Art", "Guangdong Ivory Sculpture Art", "Guangdong Embroidery", "Centennial Chen's Academy" and "Old Guangzhou Home Furnishings", the museum has long-term exhibitions.

Various Guangdong folk handicrafts are also exhibited from time to time, such as Shiwan art pottery, Guangzhou woven gold-colored porcelain, Chaozhou gold-lacquered wood carvings, Guangzhou embroidery, etched glass, etc. Since the 21st century, Chen's Academy has been twice selected into the "Eight Scenic Spots of Guangzhou in the New Century" in the name of "ancient temple with a long history" and is known as the "Cultural Business Card of Guangzhou". It has become the most cultural and artistic museum and a famous tourist attraction in the Lingnan region.

6. Yuzhang Academy Yuzhang Academy was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty. Under the influence of Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism, it became the base for the dissemination of Zhu Cheng's studies in Jiangxi. The academies developed further during the Yuan and Ming dynasties.

In the Yuan Dynasty, because the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty regarded Neo-Confucianism as the way to govern the country and stabilize the people, they adopted a policy of promoting, supporting and strengthening control over academies. At this stage, Yuzhang Academy, like other academies across the country, developed to a certain extent. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, the rulers of the Ming Dynasty adopted a policy of not supporting or prohibiting academies, and the academies were in a state of stagnation.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, it was forced to close down due to the Communist Party's policy of banning academies. Later, Jiangxi governors Ling Yunyi and Pan Jixun repaired it. 3. History of Guangzhou Architecture

Modern Chinese Architecture: Historical Witness under Multiculturalism When mentioning ancient Chinese architecture, you may immediately think of the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace in Beijing, or the gardens of Suzhou, and the folk houses of Anhui; When you think of modern Chinese architecture, you may immediately think of the luxury hotels and high-end office buildings that have sprung up in Shenzhen and Shanghai in recent years.

But what impresses you most about modern Chinese architecture? Many people may be unfamiliar with the term "modern architecture" - "What other modern architecture does China have?" When I tell you: The buildings on the Bund in Shanghai are a typical representative of modern Chinese architecture, you You will suddenly realize - "Aren't they just those 'foreign-style buildings'!" What most people call "western-style buildings" generally refers to the "small western-style buildings" where foreigners lived before liberation, and the "big western-style buildings" used by foreigners, which are mostly seen in Shanghai, Tianjin and other big cities; but from a professional research perspective, the connotation of "foreign-style building" is much richer, and modern Chinese architecture cannot be represented by the "foreign-style building" like the Shanghai Bund. Modern Chinese architecture basically refers to the buildings built on Chinese soil during the historical period of modern social development (1840--1949).

From the perspective of style research, there are three main types of modern Chinese architecture. In China's ancient feudal society for thousands of years, although there were more than twenty emperors changing politically, there were many cultural changes. In foreign exchanges, however, Chinese culture is basically a continuous unitary culture. Chinese architecture, under the influence of China's entire environment, although each era has its own characteristics, its basic methods and principles have always been consistent.

After history entered the 19th century, the feudal Qing Dynasty experienced the "Golden Age of Kangxi and Qianlong" and gradually declined; however, the capitalist countries in Europe and the United States developed rapidly due to the Industrial Revolution. Since the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, cultural exchanges between China and the West have not been on the same starting line; after the Opium War, they have been conducted entirely in the form of invasion and invasion.

With the Opium War in 1840 as a symbol, China entered a semi-feudal and semi-colonial modern society. The historical process of modern Chinese architecture that started with this also passively suffered from the impact of Western architectural culture. It unfolded under inspiration and impetus. During this period, on the one hand, there is the continuation of traditional Chinese architectural culture, and on the other hand, the spread of Western foreign architectural culture. The interaction (collision, intersection and fusion) of these two architectural activities constitutes the main line of modern Chinese architectural history.

By the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, with the large-scale invasion of foreign cultures, in addition to the traditional ancient architecture that continued and evolved in China, there were gradually more and more foreign European architectural styles. , formed a trend in the history of modern Chinese architecture characterized by imitating or copying Western architecture; after the 1920s, another trend emerged characterized by imitating or transforming ancient Chinese architecture . These two trends appeared and disappeared one after another in the history of modern Chinese architecture.

Coupled with the impact of the "international" new architectural trend in Europe and the United States in the 1930s, the history of modern Chinese architecture has shown the coexistence and collision of multiple systems, including Chinese and Western, ancient and modern, and new and old. and the intricate state of blending. Modern Chinese architecture is the historical witness of this multiculturalism.

1. The late 19th and early 20th centuries - Western-style architecture: Modern Chinese architecture characterized by imitation or copying of Western architecture. Due to the vast territory of China, the development of various regions is very uneven. Some cities in China's coastal areas and along the Yangtze River were opened earlier as commercial ports due to the rise of the shipping industry, foreign invasions and the signing of unequal treaties. Therefore, they were more influenced by Western culture. Certain styles that appeared in these cities Some Western-style buildings.

Due to inconvenient transportation, most cities in inland areas are still relatively isolated from the outside world. The expression of traditional Chinese architectural culture is strong; only a few cities are close to the border or due to railway construction. Due to development and other reasons, Western-style buildings were also built. The Western-style buildings in coastal cities are mainly from the Bund of Shanghai (also known as "Huangpu Beach") and Nanjing Road, Tianjin's Jiuguo Concession, Guangzhou's "Thirteen Rows" and Shamian, Xiamen's Gulangyu Island, and Qingdao's Jiao'ao Concession "Qingdao District" represented by architecture.

The Western-style buildings in the cities along the Yangtze River are represented by the buildings in Xiaguan, Nanjing, and the Hankou Concession in Wuhan. The early architecture of Harbin, a border city in the inland area, was mainly through the construction and opening of the Middle East Railway. It was influenced by traditional Russian architecture and the "Art Nouveau" style popular in Europe at the end of the 19th century. It is reflected in many buildings of the Middle East Railway system and Orthodox churches. .

The Yunnan-Vietnam Railway (1903--1910) was the first railway in southwest China. Its completion accelerated the modernization of Yunnan. When the Vietnamese participated in the construction of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway and the development of Kunming's commercial port, they indirectly brought the influence of French architectural culture to the cities along the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway and Kunming.

The Western-style buildings in Beijing originate from the buildings in the embassy district of Dongjiaomin Lane, represented by Zizheng Yuan and Dali Yuan. The designers of Western-style buildings are basically foreign architectural firms or architects in China.

2. The 1920s—Traditional Architecture: Modern Chinese architecture characterized by imitating or transforming ancient Chinese architecture. In the second twenty years of this century, Chinese architecture The history reflects the influence of modern architectural trends in the world, and it also reflects the national consciousness inspired by Chinese architects in the face of the invasion of foreign powers. These two factors have violent collisions, intersections and fusions. The typical representative of traditional architecture can be said to be the Nanjing Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum (1925-929) designed by Lu Yanzhi (1893-929), the legendary first-generation architect in the history of modern Chinese architecture.

The overall plan of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is bell-shaped, which evokes the idea of ??"wooden Duo as a warning to the world" and has far-reaching implications. The tomb behind the sacrificial hall conforms to Chinese concepts, with ancient styles, simple and solid architecture, and a harmonious appearance. The spirit and spirit are very similar to Mr. Sun Yat-sen's. Lu Yanzhi was only 36 years old, but he established his position in the history of modern Chinese architecture by designing and presiding over the construction of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing.

The Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall he designed in 1926 is the largest auditorium building in modern China. The Kuomintang was founded in 1927, and after establishing its capital in Nanjing, the "Capital Plan" was made in 1929, which was an earlier and larger-scale urban planning and design carried out in China.

In the detailed plan of the "Capital Plan", all *** office buildings adopt traditional Chinese architectural styles and strive to achieve the goal. 4. What are the famous ancient buildings in Guangdong?

The Guangxiao Temple in Guangzhou was originally the residence of Zhao Jiande, the third generation descendant of Nanyue King Zhao Tuo (22O-265). During the Three Kingdoms period, Yu Fan, the captain of the Wu Kingdom, was loyal to him. King Wu was demoted to Guangzhou and lived here, expanding his residence and giving lectures. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, when the Western monk Tamayashe came to Guangzhou to preach, he built the Mahavira Hall here. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the temple was renamed "Baoen Guangjiao Temple". In the 21st year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1151), it was renamed Guangxiao Temple.

Hualin Temple, in the eighth year of the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty (527), Bodhidharma, a monk from South India, came to Guangzhou from Haidao and founded "Xilai Temple" to promote Buddhism.

Additional construction was carried out in subsequent dynasties. In the 11th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1654), a major expansion was carried out and it was renamed Hualin Temple.

The Zhenhai Tower in Yuexiu Mountain was built in the 13th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1380). However, after many repairs, only part of it is now made of materials from the Ming Dynasty.

The Chen Clan Ancestral Hall was built in the 16th to 20th years of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1890-1894) and designed by Li Julin.

There are still more than 120 Xiguan mansions in existence, most of which were built in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.

Most of the buildings in Shamian were built in the late 19th century. Basically belonging to the form and style of Western Europe, it is a well-preserved Western classical architectural complex in my country that is mainly British and French. In addition, there are Gothic, neoclassical and other buildings with different shapes and styles. 5. What are the cultural heritages of Guangzhou?

The famous city of Guangzhou has many beautiful scenery lines. These scenery lines are concentrated with Guangzhou’s main famous natural and cultural heritages. They are natural scenery lines, cultural scenery lines, and are also the main attractions of Guangzhou tourism. Landscape line.

The Zhenhai Tower and the Town Stone in Guangzhou. Yuexiu Mountain, known as the main mountain in Guangzhou, has a majestic Zhenhai Tower, also called Wanghai Tower. Because the building is five stories high, it is called the five-story building. , 28 meters high, is the largest Zhenhai Tower in the country. Zhu Liangzu, the Marquis of Yongjia who guarded Guangzhou in the Ming Dynasty, was "the one who suppressed the purple clouds and yellow air" and asked the court for approval. In 1380 (the 13th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty) when the Guangzhou city wall was extended to Yuexiu Mountain, the Zhenhai Tower was built. It is said to be a "majestic sea frontier" and can also "enhance the view of the three cities".

Therefore, it is both a city defense building and a Feng Shui building. Before the Ming Dynasty, there were three dynasties and ten emperors in Guangzhou. Since the construction of Zhenhai Tower, there have been no local emperors or rebellious officials and traitors with different ambitions.

"The domineering power in the southeast is like smoke", and "the Guanhe River outside the building has been sealed by the Han Dynasty". As Hu Hanmin said: "Looking from the upper floor at night, the white clouds are still the autumn of the Han Dynasty."

Due to natural and man-made reasons, Zhenhai Tower has been destroyed many times in history and rebuilt many times, no less than ten times. It is said that every time it is repaired, Guangzhou develops.

People say that its "buildings dominate the whole city". Qu Dajun, a man of the Qing Dynasty, said, "No matter Huanghe or Yueyang, it can't be surpassed."

"Yangcheng Ancient Notes" said that it is "splendid and magnificent, the first scenic spot in Lingnan." "Guangdong General Chronicles" and "Nanhai County Chronicles" believe that "this is the most natural wonder in Lingnan" and "actually the first building south of Wuling."

It has been highly praised throughout history until today. . It has always been well documented in ancient books, and many poems and articles have been left behind. It is a must-see attraction for domestic and foreign tourists to Guangzhou.

From the perspective of scenic spots, Yuexiu Mountain is the main mountain in Guangzhou, while Zhenhai Tower is the first sight in Guangzhou. It has been in the south of Lingnan for 600 years, and its status is irreplaceable. Therefore, this place is "high on the top of the fairy city" (Qiu Fengjia's words), where "the wind rises and the clouds fly across the nine states" (Kang Youwei's words), "the flying tower is so heavy that it can strengthen the southern vassal, and the peaks can dominate the north gate."

The rivers and seas surround the sky and the power of the sky is exhausted, and the mountains and rivers are like the palm of a hand." Not only can you appreciate the domineering power of the ancient kings, but you can also have a panoramic view of the scenic landscape of Guangzhou's landscape and city, and enjoy the beauty of "a stream of Zhuhai embracing the city" scenery. Zhenhai Tower is now the Guangzhou Museum, where you can visit exhibitions of historical cultural relics dating back more than 2,000 years since Guangzhou was founded.

Hanging on the front of the top floor is a couplet written by Peng Yulin, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi: "The building has been in danger for thousands of tribulations and still exists. I ask who has taken off his head and looked up at the sky. He has no regard for the past and the present. The old prince of five hundred years has been here, so that I can rely on him." Looking at the sword on the fence, the hero sheds tears. "It's a bit domineering, a bit tragic, and very admirable."

In history, Zhenhai Tower was famous both at home and abroad for its "Zhenhai Floor" and "Yuexiu Floor" which were listed as one of the "Eight Scenic Spots of Yangcheng" in the Qing Dynasty and modern times. Guangzhou not only has the tower that holds the sea, but also the stone that holds the city, which is the Haizhu Stone.

In ancient times, the Pearl River was as wide as 3,000 meters (today the narrowest point is only more than 100 meters), with vast misty waves called a small sea, hence the name Zhenhai Tower. Guangzhou also has a town stone, which is the sea pearl stone in the ancient Pearl River.

Due to river sand alluvial and river bed siltation, by the beginning of this century, it was connected to the north bank. When the long embankment road was built in the 1930s, it was completely buried underground and high-rise buildings were built. It was dug out during the excavation of municipal works at the beginning of this year and saw the light of day again.

Experts urgently call for the protection of sea beads! The city *** has decided to protect the exposed part (30-60 meters) for citizens and tourists to visit. In ancient times, the Haizhu Stone standing in the river was also called Haizhu Island and was famous as a town stone.

"The man of God drives the stone to stand, and crystals gush out" (Ming Lun Yishen's words). The poem "Haizhu Stone" by Liang Chu of the Ming Dynasty goes: "Who drives the stone to the center of the river? The sky is the ancient meeting of Yangcheng Town."

It is said that this is the town stone of Guangzhou. There are Cidu Temple (also called Haizhu Cidu Temple, built in the Southern Han Dynasty), Wenxi Temple, and Haizhu Fort on the island. In the early years of the Republic of China, it was turned into Haizhu Park. It is a famous tourist destination in history and a place for dragon boat racing.

Legend has it that Haizhu Stone was transformed from beads left by merchants from foreign lands, so it is also called walking bead stone. Zheng Huinan of the Qing Dynasty wrote the poem "Sea Pearls and Stones": "Jia Hu held a Mani Pearl and accidentally flew it into the East Sea.

There is no secret to the treasure's psychic ability. Lu Li spits out brilliance every night. The white pearl floats out of the scroll In the garden, Pearl, the daughter, dare not pick the pearls.

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It is actually a huge reef composed of Cretaceous red gravel. It is located in the area of ??Zhi Aiqun Building in Yong’an Hall along Jiangxi Road today. It is more than 130 meters long and more than 50 meters wide. It was formed due to long-term river erosion. *** Like pearls, the water reflects the waves and shines brightly. When visiting Haizhu Temple, Haicui made a poem to describe the poem: "The dragon in the South China Sea does not love pearls, and the water's heart holds up the night light." He said that Haizhu stones are also beautiful at night. It will shine.

Due to the changes in the tide of the Pearl River, it seems to be floating on the sea, which is very beautiful. Liang Qiaosheng, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, said: "Suddenly a stone floats in the middle of the river, breaking through the two currents of the red tide. ”

What a dynamic scenery! Haizhushi is also famous because the famous poet Li Subaru of the Southern Song Dynasty (also known as Wenxi) studied here. There is Wenxi Temple built on the island, and he wrote "Wenxi Preserved Manuscripts" .

He is the first scholar in the history of Guangzhou, and has successively held the positions of doctor of university, school secretary, and minister of civil affairs. Therefore, some people say that you can get the top prize by studying in Wenxi Temple.

Haizhu Stone (Island) is the core attraction of the eight scenic spots of Yangcheng in the Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty: "Pearl River Autumn Moon (Color)" and "Pearl River Quiet Waves". There are more than 50 poems about it in the past dynasties. The traditional central axis of the ancient city is from Yuexiu. The traditional central axis of the ancient city is about 5 kilometers long from Zhenhai Tower, Sun Yat-sen Monument, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Municipal People's Congress Standing Committee Building, Municipal *** Building, People's Park, Haizhu Square to Haizhu Bridge.

It started when Zhao Tuo of the Nanyue Kingdom built the Yuewang Terrace, Yuewang Palace, and Yuewang Well. In the Southern Han Dynasty, there were Huluan Road and Youtai. In the Ming Dynasty, there were Guanyin Pavilion and Zhenhai Tower. From Yuexiu Mountain to People's Park and Uprising Road, the Yuan Dynasty , Ming, Qing, and the Republic of China until the liberation, it was an important place for government offices. It took more than two thousand years to gradually form. During the Republic of China, four landmark buildings, including the Sun Yat-sen Monument, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, the Municipal Government Office Building, and the Haizhu Bridge, were built. Chen Gongyin of the Qing Dynasty used the phrase "the peaks from the north of the Five Ridges are on the ground, and the water floating in the sky to the south of Jiuzhou" to describe the mountains and rivers of Guangzhou City. The "peaks on the ground" he said are Yuexiu Mountain, and the "water floating in the sky" is the Pearl River ( In ancient times, it was called the sea. Before the Cultural Revolution, Guangzhou residents called it crossing the sea from Hebei to Henan.)

Some experts described this central axis as "a shoulder pole lifting up mountains and rivers", which fully illustrates this central axis. The historical weight of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall is the largest memorial hall in my country (with 5,000 seats), and it is also a world-famous traditional large-roofed building that combines Chinese and Western styles. 6. Why are the historical buildings on Shamian Island in Guangzhou completely scrapped?

A fire broke out on Shamian Island in Guangzhou, and the historical building was completely destroyed.

On the evening of September 25, a fire broke out in a residential building on Shamian Island in Liwan District, Guangzhou. Residents at the scene pointed out that Shamian North Street. From the front, the house fire had burned through the roof, and the historical building was completely scrapped.

The Guangzhou Fire Department has 14 fire squadrons, 24 fire trucks, and more than 160 fire officers and soldiers involved in fighting the fire. The building that caught fire was an old house with a brick-concrete structure. It burned very quickly and could easily collapse. It was impossible to attack the fire from inside.

As of 12 o'clock in the evening, the open fire had been extinguished, and firefighters immediately extinguished the remaining fire and carried out operations. The fire scene was cleared. No casualties were found yet.

Historically, Shamian Island was a concession of Britain and France. Before and after the Second Opium War in the 1860s, Britain and France chose this piece of land in the middle of the Pearl River. The small sandbank (quite close to the "Thirteenth Bank of Guangdong", China's only foreign trade zone during the Qing Dynasty's isolation period) was used as a concession address and was filled into an island. In the next half century, Britain and France acquired Shamian Island. Many privileges, *** related institutions and companies moved in in large numbers, major consulates and political and financial organizations were established here, and unfair treatment was given to the nearby Chinese people for a long time. Therefore, Shamian Island later became The target of violence and attacks by national liberation movements in China and even nearby countries.

In 1942, Japan handed over the Shamian British Concession, which it occupied after the British declared war, to the pro-Japanese Wang Jingwei regime (commonly known as the Wang Puppet regime). In 1943, France's Vichy regime withdrew from the French Concession and handed it over to Wang Jingwei's regime.

In the same year, the Chongqing Kuomintang, which insisted on resisting Japan, made a separate contract with the British to take back the British concession. After the end of World War II, the newly established French Charles de Gaulle *** officially announced that it would return the Shamian French Concession to the Republic of China.

In 1996, the Shamian building complex was designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit. In 1997, the State Council listed Shamian as a national cultural relic protection zone.

History has been completely burned in one conference. To protect cultural relics and protect history, we need to keep the alarm bell ringing.