How does SLR photography choose aperture according to weather conditions?

Cloudy day 1 1 act 4

Dark clouds top 5.6.

It snows and rains.

Under the direct sunlight, the sun is shining.

ISO, t (shutter), f (aperture)

100, 1/ 100, 16

100, 1/200, 1 1

100, 1/400, 8

100, 1/800, 5.6

100, 1/ 1600, 4

Cloudy weather, outdoor sunshine

ISO, t (shutter), f (aperture)

100, 1/ 100, 1 1

100, 1/200, 8

100, 1/400, 5.6

100, 1/800, 4

100, 1/ 1600, 2.8

Cloudy, under the outdoor sky.

ISO, t (shutter), f (aperture)

100, 1/ 100, 8

100, 1/200, 5.6

100, 1/400, 4

100, 1/800, 2.8

100, 1/ 1600, 2

Be outdoors when it rains or before it rains.

ISO, t (shutter), f (aperture)

100, 1/ 100, 5.6

100, 1/200, 4

100, 1/400, 2.8

100, 1/800, 2

100, 1/ 1600, 1.4

Shutter table:1100, 1/200, 1/400, 1/800,11600,/kloc.

Aperture table: 1, 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8,1,16, 22 (the exposure is halved according to the first shift).

The calculation method is: ISO is unchanged, the shutter speed is reduced by one step (that is, the shutter speed is multiplied by 1/2) and the aperture is increased by one step.

This law should be adjusted according to air pollution and time. Take Sunny 16 as an example. It can only be used between 9: 30 am and 3: 30 pm in winter, and 8- 1 1 is used for self-test.

115-1/30 is the safety shutter for remake TV.

Sunny/kloc-cloudy on 0/6,1/cloudy on 0/4,/kloc-dusk on 0/4, genting 5.6, rainy and snowy at dusk, indoor president for two seconds, living room stage shutter eight.

1, sunshine 16 rule. That is, when shooting a subject in bright and uniform sunlight, the shutter should be set to the reciprocal of the sensitivity and the aperture should be F 16. Based on this, it can be estimated that video websites use F22 aperture at the seaside and F 1 1 on cloudy days.

2, moonlight 1 1, 8, 5.6 rules. There are many exposure combinations for shooting the moon. But the most popular combinations are 1 1, 8, 5.6. When the shutter speed is the reciprocal of the sensitivity, F 1 1 aperture is used for the full moon, and F8 and F 5.6 are used for the separation of the half moon and March/April.

3, camera jitter rules. A safe shutter speed is the reciprocal of the focal length. If you use a 50 mm lens, if you shoot by hand, the speed should be at least 1/60 (of course, the anti-shake head is not counted). If it is lower than this speed, please use a flash, tripod, or find its ta to support the camera.

4. 18% gray luminosity. Using 18% medium gray plate to measure light will bring the best consequences. If there is no gray board, you can open your palm to the sun, measure the light reading of your palm and add an exposure lens. There is almost no difference in results between different skin colors. )

5. The law of depth of field. Focusing on the first third of the whole depth of field can get the maximum depth of field. Because the depth of field behind the focus is twice that before the focus.

6, digital printing size rule. The best print size of digital photos should not exceed the sum of the length and width of pixels divided by 200. If you need film festival quality photos, please divide by 250.

7. exposure rules. The classic advice is: make sure that the high-light area is exposed correctly, and the low-light area follows ta. This suggestion applies to inversion and digital cameras. Negative film, especially color negative film, had better increase exposure by one step.

8, fast flash output rule. When using a flash without active output control, set the sensitivity of the flash to twice that of the film, measure the light on the main body, select the aperture of the whole picture, and set the same aperture for the flash. Under this setting, the shadow area of the photo will be one step lower than the brightness of the subject.

9, the flash distance rule. Distance multiplied by 2, sensitivity multiplied by 4. For example, in qq chat room, the effective distance of ni flash is 20 feet when the sensitivity is 100. If ni needs a flash distance of 40 feet, you need to use a film with a sensitivity of 400.

10, pixel doubling rule. To double the resolution of a digital camera, the number of pixels should be quadrupled.

1 1, dynamic capture rule: this is an empirical formula of angle and speed. If the movement of an object along the lens axis ni can be captured with a shutter of (1125), then its movement perpendicular to the lens axis (from one side of the viewfinder to the other) can be captured with a shutter of (11500) two levels higher than that of (125).

12, sunset metering rule. When shooting a sunset, you should measure the upper part of the sunset, but don't let the sun enter the viewfinder. If you want the sunset in the photo to appear one hour later than the actual one, you can subtract 1 from the exposure compensation.

The "sunshine 16 rule" does not refer to the rule of using aperture in landscape photography, but is only a rule that is easy to remember and meets the correct basis of photography requirements. Then, using the law of reciprocity, the shutter and aperture are combined to meet the photographer's conception requirements.

Among many excellent photographic works, few works use the aperture of F22 (no one said that it can't be used), and the aperture of F 16 is even rarer. In addition, in landscape photography, most people (not all) don't need a small camera like 135, but at least a medium-sized camera like 120.

Medium-sized cameras have a scale lens of 80~ 1 10 mm, so some features are different from those of small cameras. If the same aperture is F 1 1, the absolute aperture is very different. The diffraction phenomenon of light is only aimed at the absolute aperture.

Whether the manual function of digital camera is useful depends on whether it can show different consequences from the active function. If they are all the same, it is obviously useless. If there is a big difference, it will be very useful. Whether ni is used or not is a completely different concept.

It is said that the best aperture is F8. In fact, the best aperture of many lenses is around 5.6. At the same time, the aperture used is different for different photography. Landscape photography generally uses the aperture below F 1 1, so there is a "sunshine rule of 16" in photography, that is, in places with sufficient sunshine, the aperture of F 16 is used, and the shutter speed is the derivative of ISO value.

Sunshine 16 method is an estimation method of outdoor exposure. Because the manual operation without photometry has been used for a long time, the estimated exposure parameters are used. Now I'll introduce my estimation method to you, and you can try it (it's all based on experience, and you can control it by trying more):

1. sunny day (subject has obvious shadow) -f 16+ shutter (film ISO countdown)

2. Thin clouds (the main body has a faint shadow)-f11+0+shutter (ISO reciprocal of film)

3. Thick clouds (the subject has almost no shadow) -F8+ shutter (ISO reciprocal of film)

4. Cloudy day -f 5.6+ shutter (movie ISO countdown)

Please note the following points:

1. The above estimated values are applicable to two hours after sunrise and two hours before sunset in spring and autumn; Reduce the aperture by one gear in summer and open it by one gear in winter.

2. In the sun, it is practical when the front of the subject is illuminated, and an aperture is added when the side is illuminated; When the back is illuminated, add 2-3 apertures.

3. Opening in the sun can refer to exposure on cloudy days.