What is a comment that can mobilize thousands of troops?

Commentary is also called storytelling. According to old storytellers, it was created by Wang Hongxing, a Beijinger during the Yongzheng period, and it was popular in Beijing, Tianjin and northern provinces. Tongzhi years, spread to Shenyang. Liu Shiying's "comment" in Das Kapital says:

Say comments, say gestures.

Pretend to be monkey like Wukong.

A few pairs of shoes, just pull.

The knife is on the head and the gun is straight.

Say cornice, look at fingers.

Wang Kuisheng has arrived.

The first two sentences are comments about the performance of body movements. In the middle four sentences, it is said that there are two ghost books, the biography of Jigong written by Journey to the West. The last four sentences refer to the performance characteristics of "robe with book" and "short book" Wang Kuisheng in the last sentence is one of the "eighteen champions" of the fifth generation of storytelling in Beijing, and he is good at talking about the biography of Jigong. He accepted Gu Chunshan as one of the "five springs" in Shenyang. In the same book, it is also mentioned that another storyteller, Zhao Wendong (it should be Zhao Wendong), once performed in the storytelling hall in shishi city, Shenyang.

There are more than 30 kinds of traditional bibliographies in Qing Dynasty, which can be roughly divided into three categories: First, robes are attached to books (about historical books), including Wan Guo, Western Han Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty, Three Kingdoms, the Great Sui and Tang Dynasties, Stealing the Golden Gun of Horse (also called), Faithfulness and Yue, Ming Yinglie and Zheng Jinchuan (also called "Victory Map"). The second is short stories (case-solving chivalrous books), including Water Margin, Three Chivalrous Men and Five Righteousness, Small Five Righteousness, Big Eight Righteousness, Peng Gongan and Shi Gongan (also known as Five Women and Seven Chivalrous Men). Third, there are books with ghosts and gods, such as God List, Journey to the West, Legend of Ascending Immortals, and Liaozhai. Among them, Zheng Jinchuan is a story about the Qing army's conquest of the Tusi rebellion in Jinchuan. Five Women and Seven Women was adapted by Beijing artist Shuang Houping and Bai from the novel Shi Gong An in the late Qing Dynasty. After the book was spread to Shenyang, local artists edited and performed the sequel "Dragon and Tiger Journey to the East", which is a legendary story about Emperor Kangxi's eastward journey to Shengjing, and the heroes captured his uncle who rebelled against the Three Kingdoms. The story of Five Little Boys Going to Kanto takes place in Changchun City and Lishu County, Jilin Province (formerly known as Fenghua County), and the story of Ten Heroes Going to Kanto takes place in Yibo Town, Shangzhi County, Heilongjiang Province (formerly known as Hezhu County), which reflects the northeast customs and is deeply loved by the northeast audience. There are also two great Manchu books: Jurchen Spectrum Review, which is divided into three episodes. The first half is the myth and legend of the origin of the ancient Jurchen nationality; The middle part is the story of Akuta, the founding emperor of Daikin. The second half is the story of Nurhachi and Huang Taiji, the king of the late Jin Dynasty. This book was later lost in Shenyang and found in Heilongjiang Province in recent years. Ma Yachuan's recorded manuscript has one million words. This book can be said to be a heroic epic of the Jurchen nationality. The Biography of General Sabusu is the story of the famous soldier Sabusu during the reign of Kangxi. Fu Jia Chuan is about 300,000 words.

In the early years of the Republic of China, the storytelling field of Fengmian Ximenlian (now Cheng Xishun).

The storytelling performance has four advantages: speaking, expressing, praising and commenting. Tell a story; Table is the character in the performance book; Praise is a kind of praise that describes people and scenery; Comments are comments on the right and wrong of the plot in the book. Among them, books about the Three Kingdoms in the Western Han Dynasty are all about the present, and there is little action. Those who play short books such as Water Margin have more actions. The artist has three props: a fan, a handkerchief and a wake-up call. Fans can be used for swords and spears, and can also be used for imperial edicts after opening. Handkerchiefs can replace letters, etc. Awakening wood can be used for mallets, wine glasses and silverware, and tapping on the console table can be used for knocking at the door.

There were no fewer than twenty lyricists in Shenyang in the Qing Dynasty. Poets in Qing Dynasty handed down the cross of "Hong, Chen, Guang, Qian, Rui, De, Zhi, Jie, Kuan and Zeng". The first four generations of artists were all in Beijing, and the fifth to seventh generations of artists performed in Shenyang in the late Qing Dynasty. The fifth generation artists are divided into three branches: Rui, Wei Xiao and Mao. Niu Ruiquan, who came to Shenyang to perform, is one of the "Nine Ruis" and often says "loyalty and righteousness". The aforementioned Wang Kuisheng is one of the "Eighteen Qualities", which is commonly known as the "Gong Peng case". The sixth generation artists are divided into three schools: Germany, Spring and Feng. In the 18th Prize, five people came to Shenyang to perform, including Dai Deshun, Blue German Army, Xu Desheng, Feng Dequan and Zhang Desheng. Among them, Dai Shunxing Qi, known as "Dai", is a disciple of Niu Ruiquan. In the early years of Guangxu, he came to Shenyang from Tianjin to perform. He often says that his calligraphy skills are superb and many people want to learn from him. What he handed down should be "knowledge, understanding, tolerance and Zeng". According to the custom of "throwing branches" to accept disciples, he must invite scholars and uncles in the custom. Because of the inconvenience, he set up another portal in Shenyang, and handed down the four characters of "Guangdong, Qing, Tong and Hao". He has successively received disciples such as Chen Yuezhen, Ma Yueqing, Wu Yueqing, Li Yueming, and Huang, so there is a saying that "Dai broke through the Kanto and set up another portal". Ma Yueqing (1854— 1930), the seventh generation descendant of Yue artist, is Dai Deshun's nephew and enjoys the highest reputation. One day, he was talking about the Great Sui and Tang Dynasties in a teahouse. Suddenly, a frightened horse ran across the street outside the door and the audience were distracted. Mr Ma is right about Luo Shixin-a fierce head makes a clever head. Speaking of the hammer and the stick hitting each other, he shouted and the whole audience was quiet. From then on, he got the nickname "Ma" and became a celebrity in Shenyang. Later, in the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), he was among the best in the Shenyang Ci critic examination and became a storyteller in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.

Carved version of the long review.

Tu Guanghui, an artist of Xiaoqingmen (equivalent to the third generation of Wang Men's comments), preached "Five Lights" and then "40,000 disciples". Among them, Feng Wanchun and Xing Si also performed in Shenyang in the early years of Guangxu, and accepted two apprentices, Cheng Fengxiang and Hou.

Beijing Tianqiao artist An Taian (stage name "Monkey An") specializes in Journey to the West. He handed down the words "courage, swimming, Taoism and righteousness". In the early years of Guangxu, Yong sent artists, Wu Yongchun, Han and others to perform in Shenyang successively. There are two sentences in the book "Guang Yan Tan": "Zhao Wendong is good, and Han comments on the south of Gulou". The above sentence can prove that Shenyang lyricist Zhao Wendong plays sanxian at the same time, accompanied by drummers. Han once told a story in the south teahouse of Shenyang Gulou. According to the late Shenyang crosstalk artist Bai Wanming (1896-1985), he met Zhang Yongfu when he was a teenager and said that The Journey to the West was the most like a monkey, which made people laugh.

In addition, the unpublished draft of Ten Counties in Shenyang also mentioned Wang Zhanshan, a poet who specializes in Liaozhai. He established his own family in Shenyang in the late Qing Dynasty.

After the Republic of China, Shenyang's comments were mainly based on traditional books. After 1930s, books such as Three Heroes and Five Righteousness, The Fighter Map of Yongzheng and Seven Righteousness of Golden Knife Club, which were edited and performed by Tianjin artists, spread to Shenyang. The martial arts novels published at that time were also adopted by critics, and books such as Burning Red Lotus Temple and Tsing Yi Woman appeared. Zhang Qingshan, a native of Shenyang, has compiled books such as The Water Margin and The Swordsman Map of Hongwu. The sequel books compiled by this artist include The List of Gods in the Back Set and The Continued Five Righteousnesses. In the early 1940s, due to the lack of stringed instruments in Xihe Drum, many actors switched to storytelling, which was called "Xihe storytelling". Therefore, many long books of Xihe Drum have also been changed into storytelling bibliography, and the bibliography has increased to about 100.

Another article said that 19 14 years, there were 2 1 person who graduated from Fengtian storytelling drum calligraphy research association. 1923, Fengtian Municipal Office conducted a survey of teahouses in the city, and there were also more than 20 storytellers. According to the memoirs written by some old listeners in Liaoning Literature and History Materials, Shenyang Literature and History Materials and Shenyang Literature and History Research, Jin Qinglan, Qiao Qinggui, Li Tongfu, Gu, Duan, Song, Ding Qingjiu, Ding, Lu, Shi Xingkui, Zhao Delian, Ma Xingtian and Li Huachen are mentioned. During the Republic of China, Shenyang poets were divided into five schools:

First, sit and learn: that is, sit and talk about the present, and talk more about books such as the World Bulletin, the Western Han Dynasty, The Three Kingdoms, and Liaozhai. Mainly, there are not many performances. Often read the original text before explaining it. Books often win by "pulling songs", quoting idioms and allusions and spreading historical knowledge. Ding sent an artist representative for this purpose.

2. Handsome school: Artists dress well and perform generously on the stage, and Li Tongfu sends artists as agents.

3. Freak: Artists specialize in playing comic characters in books on the stage, and their performances are exaggerated and ridiculous. For example, Shi Xingyu is known as the "living male". Another example is Zhao Delian, who tells stories by the book and is nicknamed "by the book". He said that "Zheng Xue Li Dong", Tang Jun went out to play foreign trumpets and drums, regardless of ancient and modern times, most children liked it.

Fourth, the fighting school: this school of artists is good at "short writing", moving their hands and feet together, even kicking and hitting, adding many martial arts elements to make the performance more realistic. Jin Qinglan, who often talks about Lohan, sent artists to represent him.

Five, wave school: specializing in the love story of talented people and beautiful women, good at imitating the expression of ancient women. "Smoke Powder Plum" (whose real name is unknown), often referred to as "the wonders of ancient and modern times", sent an artist representative for this purpose. In addition, another artist is Mr. Tong, who performs in Xiaoheyan. He now finds that he can tell stories from daily newspapers, even if they are critical, and pay attention to current events.

Around 1920, Pan, Liang Dianyuan were also called "three great people".

Li Qingkui (1862— 1935) is the eighth generation of Shenyang people. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he served as an A Qing soldier, and in the early years of the Republic of China, he worshipped Ma Yueqing as a teacher, which was one of the "18th Celebrations" and made eleven trips. I often talk about books such as The Great Sui and Tang Dynasties, Stealing the Golden Horse Gun, Five Girls and Seven Girls, and The Story of Double Darts. Known as the "king of storytelling." 1920 was elected president of Fengtian Pingci Research Association. 1925 was elected as the first president of Fengtian Shuqu Improvement Research Association. He often goes to the viceroy's office to tell stories to Zhang. Zhang once gave him a plaque that read "Noble China". Shenyang book fans raised money to give him a silver shield engraved with "Xia Liu's Legacy Network", which means that he inherited the calligraphy skills of Liu Jingting, a storyteller in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. 1935, he was forced to tell stories in Changchun (then called "Xinjing"), the palace of the puppet Manchukuo. In the speech of "Touching the Monument by Yang", he deliberately changed the sentence "The general will die in battle" in the closing poem to "The general would rather die than be king" to laugh at the big traitor and the pseudo-prime minister Zhang Jinghui, showing the backbone of a storyteller. Soon after returning to Shen, he died of suffocation. His disciple Gu (1903-1972) wrote a secret history of the Qing Dynasty, and he was also a master.

Pan (1872— 1927) is from Beijing. Because it can tell many books, it is called "Pan Jishu Store". In the early years of the Republic of China, he visited Guangdong three times, but he didn't mention Li Qingkui and Liang Dianyuan twice. He returned to Beijing and studied hard for five years. Came to Shenyang for the third time. Pan, Li and Liang are fighting for books in the Dashuai Mansion, and they all say "The Legend of Loyalty and Righteousness". Win the championship in one fell swoop and become famous in the Kanto War. Zhang gave him 400 yuan, and he bought a quadrangle when he returned to Beijing.

Liang Dianyuan (about 1875- 1945), a native of Beijing, went to Shenyang to perform in the early years of the Republic of China. He said that each of the "thirteen outstanding figures" in the Sui and Tang Dynasties had "praise", which often caused a full house of applause. 1942 Shenyang storytellers Song, Ding, Lu and Shi Xingkui were rated as "Four Great Storytellers".

Lu (1891-1954) is the eighth generation storyteller. Formerly known as Lu, Shen Yang. During the Republic of China, I worked as a policeman, studied martial arts, and later worshipped Li as a teacher. I tell stories in the sea, specializing in Water Margin. He is a big man with a beard. When he came on stage to tell a story, he wore a gray cloth robe, cloth socks and monk shoes. He is called "Horuda". Besides performing in teahouses, he often tells stories to celebrities in class. After liberation, he joined the Shenyang Folk Quyi Troupe. The troupe recorded his oral Water Margin, but unfortunately it was lost in the Cultural Revolution.

Song Tong Bin (1900— 1978) is the ninth generation storyteller. Penglai, Shandong Province, formerly known as Song, went to the Northeast to make a living as a teenager. He loves Quyi and reads widely. At the age of 24, he studied under Chen in Tieling. At the age of 27, he performed on stage and occupied Shenyang for a long time. Said the list of gods, Journey to the West, Shui Bo Liangshan, incorruptible case-solving, Dahongpao and other books. He is the earliest radio storyteller in Shenyang. Won a "Broadcasting Thousand Days" medal. Disciple Liu (1926— 1988) got his true biography. He has edited and published books such as "Dragon Palace" (that is, "Clean Palace").

Ding (1902— 1974) is the eighth generation storyteller. A native of Jixian County, Hebei Province, formerly known as Ding. At the age of twenty, I was a teacher in Beijing. His elder opened a bookstore and there are many books at home. He is knowledgeable and knowledgeable. He often said that the two books, The World Bulletin and The Western Han Dynasty, were called Ding Western Han Dynasty, and he also said that short stories such as Burning Red Lotus Temple were also co-edited with Song Dynasty. Mr. Ding is a decent man. 1947, some local ruffians and hooligans want to exchange posts to become sworn brothers, and Mr. Ding was specially invited to attend. Ding didn't go, so someone sent a letter with a five-character poem on it: "As soon as the music entered, a group of heroes began. The princes will be in total, and they will worship the purple and gold crown. Read Duke Zhou's book, and your descendants will be senior officials. I got a gold seal and posted it in front of the street. " This is a poem with a crown, and the first words of the eight poems are linked together: "A group of bastards read (calves) and change (posts)." Hong's son (1922— 1996) inherited his father's career, that is, the Western Han Dynasty, and edited and published the book.

Shi Xingkui (1906— 1985) is a native of Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province. I studied in a private school when I was young. At the age of twenty, I joined the Feng Jun army. He reads widely and loves classical literature, especially The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and can recite the whole story. He often tells stories in various teahouses in Shenyang and keeps close contact with artists. At the age of 30, he studied under Zhang Huabin, a painter in Shenyang, and wrote books such as The History of the Three Kingdoms, The Great Sui and Tang Dynasties, The Biography of Qi Huangong, Heroes of the Yellow River, Women in Tsing Yi, Warlords Disastrous the Country, etc. The storytelling he said has vivid characters and humorous language. His History of the Three Kingdoms is called Funny History of the Three Kingdoms. According to comments, as soon as Zhang Fei appeared, there would be laughter under the stage; Said "biography of Jigong", commonly known as "little Jigong". He returned to his hometown Liaoyang in his later years. There are manuscripts handed down from ancient times, such as "Ji Gong Nao Xiang Fu" and "Juvenile Zhang".

At that time, the audience in Shenyang had four kinds of comments on the four artists who were specialized in "telling history books": "Ding Zhun (accurate), being a scholar (popular), being upright (decent) and Li Huachen being handsome (playful)".

1949 After the establishment of Shenyang Quyi Artists Association in March, Song was the president, Ding was the head of the storytelling group, and the storytelling research groups of Qiu Liansheng, Wang Qiren and Cheng Bingquan compiled some traditional bibliographies. After the founding of New China, Li Qingxi, Yang Tianrong of Anshan and Yuan Kuocheng of Yingkou, who are known as "the first storyteller in northern Shenyang", are all leading storytellers. In 1980s, Yuan Kuocheng, Chen Qingyuan, Tian Lianyuan and Liu Lanfang were called "the four great storytellers in Liaoning".