Edison 12

Thomas Alva Edison (1847 ~ 193 1): Although Americans only studied in school for three months in their lives, they invented electric lights, telegrams, phonographs, movies and so on 1000. Through diligent study and diligent thinking, he became a famous inventor and was known as the "king of invention".

Edison was also a great entrepreneur. 1879, Edison founded "Edison Electric Lighting Company". 1880, incandescent lamps went on sale. 1890, Edison merged its various businesses into Edison General Electric Company. 189 1 year, Edison's thin filament and high vacuum incandescent bulb were patented. 1892, Tom? Houston Company and Edison Electric Lighting Company merged to form General Electric Company, which opened the hegemony of General Electric in the electrical field for a century.

all one's life

Edison was born in1February, 847 1 1, Milan, Ohio, in the midwest of the United States. My father is descended from Dutch, and my mother is a primary school teacher, descended from Scots. When Edison was 7 years old, his father lost money in the tile business, so his family moved to Otterborg, a suburb north of Huron, Michigan. Shortly after moving here, Edison suffered from scarlet fever and was ill for a long time. It is believed that this disease is the cause of his deafness. Edison went to school at the age of eight, but after only three months of study, he was dismissed as an "imbecile" by his teacher and expelled from school (he was ordered to drop out of school for being "stupid"). From then on, his mother was his "mentor" and decided to teach his son to read and write, and to educate him to be honest, love his motherland and love mankind. Because of his mother's good educational methods, he became interested in reading. He not only reads widely, but also reads all kinds of books. At the age of eight, he read the works of Shakespeare and Dickens, the most important playwrights in the English Renaissance, and many important historical books. By the age of nine, he could quickly read difficult books, such as Parker's philosophy of nature and experiment.

Edison's earliest interest in natural science was in chemistry. 10 years old, he loved chemistry. He collected about 200 bottles and saved every penny to buy chemicals and put them in bottles. At the age of 1 1, he experimented with his first telegram. In order to make money to buy chemicals and equipment, he began to work. At the age of 12, he got a job selling newspapers on the train and traveled between Portron, Michigan and Detroit. While selling newspapers, he also deals in fruits and vegetables. Whenever he is free, he goes to the library to read books. 186 1 year, the American civil war broke out. Edison, who just turned 14 years old, bought an old money printing machine and used the convenience of taking the train to run a tabloid (weekly) Herald to convey the war situation and news along the way. The first issue of this weekly is printed on the train. He is also a journalist, editor, typesetter, proofreader, printer and publisher. The tabloids are very popular, and he also gained talent, knowledge and experience from his intense work, and earned a lot of money to continue his chemical experiments. With the money he earned, he set up a chemistry laboratory on the baggage car. Unfortunately, when he was doing an experiment on the train, the train suddenly bumped, causing a piece of phosphorus to fall on the board and cause burning. The conductor came to put out the fire and gave him a heavy slap, which made him deaf. He was kicked off the train when Edison was 15 years old. Another way of saying it is: Unfortunately, once a chemical caught fire, he was thrown out of the car with his equipment. Another time, when Edison tried to board a freight train, a conductor grabbed him by the ear and helped him get on the train. This action led to Edison's lifelong deafness. )

Frustration did not discourage Edison. He fell in love with the telegraph again. After repeated research, he invented the automatic power recorder at 1868, which was his first invention. Later, he invented two new types of telegrams. 1877, he invented the carbon telephone transmitter to make the original telephone sound clearer. In addition, he invented the phonograph. People call him a magician.

1878 In September, Edison began to study electric lights when he was 3 1 year old. At that time, the gas lamp had replaced the kerosene lamp, but the flame flickered and when it was extinguished, it would produce harmful gas; Arc lamp has also been invented and used in public places, but it is not suitable for indoor use because it hisses when burning and is too bright. At that time, many European and American scientists were already exploring to make a new and stable luminous body.

Edison studied the arc lamp and announced that he could invent a satisfactory lamp, but he needed money. At that time, he was a man with 170 invention patents, and his inventions brought huge profits to capitalists, so a consortium was willing to provide him with financial assistance. After thousands of failures, in April of 1879, he improved the rod-shaped and tubular lamps of his predecessors and made a glass ball. 1879 65438+1Oct. 2 1 He fixed a carbon-treated cotton thread in a glass bulb, pumped out air, sealed the mouth, applied current to make it glow, and a new lighting object appeared.

From 1880 to 1882, Edison designed light sockets, buttons, fuses, current breakers, electric meters, chandeliers, and also designed main line and branch line systems, making the world's largest generator at that time, establishing the first power plant in new york and opening up the first civil lighting system. Later, he and george eastman invented the movie camera together. Edison's three great inventions: the phonograph, the electric light and power system and the movie camera enriched and improved the civilized life of mankind.

Edison died on 193 1, 10,18 (10,9) at the age of 84. However, so far no one can break his record of holding 1099 invention patents, and people call him the king of invention.

cause of death

Cause of death: uremia

Venue: West Orange, USA; Buried in: West Orange, USA

1 931August1day, Edison felt unwell. According to the doctor's diagnosis, he suffers from many diseases at the same time: chronic nephritis, uremia and diabetes. The medical bulletin published in the The New York Times on August 4th said, "Mr Edison is like a ship sailing in a dangerous channel. Maybe he can get through safely, or he may hit the rocks. 65438+1October 65438+March Edison hit a "reef" and fell into a coma. 193 1 year1year1October 18, Edison died at the age of 84.

The reason why Edison invented the electric light.

When Edison was a child, his family was very poor. At that time, candles and kerosene were very expensive items, almost all of which were imported. Then Edison thought and thought every day, and finally came up with a good idea, because the cheapest thing at that time was power supply. So Edison connected the light emitter with the power supply, producing light for lighting, which benefited the poor all over the world.

The story of Edison

One snowy night, Edison's mother suddenly fell ill, and his father hurried to call a doctor. The doctor said, "Your mother has acute appendicitis and needs surgery." . At that time, there were only oil lamps without electric lights, and the light of oil lamps was very dim, so if you were not careful, you would open the wrong knife. Edison suddenly had a good idea. He took out all the oil lamps at home and put a mirror behind him to let the doctor finish the operation smoothly. The doctor said, "Son, you saved your mother with your wisdom and cleverness." Edison took his mother's hand and said, "Mom, I want to be a sun at night."

So Edison inspired the idea of inventing the electric light bulb.

The Journey of Life, Invention and Science

1862 In August, Edison rescued a dying boy on the train track with fearless heroism. The child's father is grateful for this, but he is willing to teach him telegraph technology because he has no money to reward him. Since then, Edison has forged an indissoluble bond with this mysterious new electric world and embarked on a scientific journey.

1863, Edison worked as a telecom operator in Stratford Hub Station, the main railway line. From 1864 to 1867, I worked as a telegraph operator in all parts of the central and western regions and lived a life similar to wandering. Footprints include Stratford, Adrian, fort wayne, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Nashville, Tennessee, Memphis, Louisville and Huron.

1868, Edison came to Boston as a telegraph operator. In the same year, he obtained the first invention patent. This is a device for automatically recording votes. Edison thought that this device could speed up the work of Congress and would be very popular. However, a member of Congress told him that they had no intention to speed up the agenda, and sometimes voting was slow because of political needs. From then on, Edison decided never to make any inventions that people didn't need.

At the beginning of June 1869, he came to new york to look for a job. While he was waiting for a summons in the broker's office, a telegram broke down. Edison was the only person there who could repair the telegraph, so he got a better job than he expected. On June+10, 65438, he and Pop established "Pop-Edison Company", which specializes in scientific instruments for electrical engineering. Here, he invented "Edison Universal Printing Machine". He dedicated this printing machine to the manager of a big company on Wall Street. He wanted to charge 5000 dollars, but he didn't have the courage to say it. So he asked the manager to give a price, and the manager gave 40 thousand yuan.

Edison used the money to build a factory in Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, which specializes in manufacturing all kinds of motors. He worked all night. He trained many capable assistants, and at the same time, he happened to meet diligent Mary Stilwell, his first bride in the future. In Newark, he invented wax paper and mimeograph. From 1872 to 1875, Edison invented the two-pole and four-pole telegraph successively, and helped others to make the world's first English typewriter.

1876 In the spring, Edison moved to Monroe Park in New Jersey again. He built the first "invention factory" here, which "marked the beginning of collective research". 1877, Edison improved the telephone invented by Bell and put it into practical use. He also invented the phonograph, one of his favorite projects. Telephone and telegraph "are a revolution to expand human sensory functions"; The phonograph is one of the three great inventions that have changed people's lives. "From the imagination of the invention, this is his extremely significant invention achievement." At this time, people called him "the magician of Monroe Park".

When Edison invented the phonograph, after numerous failures, he finally made a breakthrough in the study of electric lights. 1879, 10 year1October 22nd, Edison lit the first electric lamp with wide practical value. In order to prolong the life of the filament, he tried more than 6,000 kinds of fiber materials and found a new luminous body-Japanese bamboo filament, which can last for more than 1000 hours and achieve the purpose of durability. To some extent, this invention is the pinnacle of Edison's life. Then, he created a power supply system, which made the distant lights distribute electricity from the central power station, which was a great technical achievement.

His first discovery in pure science appeared in 1883. When testing the electric lamp, he observed what he called the Edison effect: in a lighted bulb, charge travels from the hot filament through space to the cold plate. Edison applied for a patent for this discovery in 1884, but did not study it further. Scientists nearby developed the electronic industry, especially radio and television, by using the Edison effect.

Edison tried to do for his eyes what the phonograph did for his ears, and the movie camera was born here. Using a piece of celluloid film newly invented by George Heasman, he took a series of photos and projected them on the curtain quickly and continuously, creating the illusion of movement. He experimented with movies for the first time in the laboratories of 1889 and 189 1. 1903, his company produced the first feature film great train robbery. Edison did a lot of work for the establishment and standardization of the film industry.

After Edison moved his laboratory to West Orange in 1887, he founded many commercial companies, manufactured products and popularized his various inventions. These companies later merged into Edison General Electric Company, which was later called General Electric Company. Since then, his interests have turned to fluorescence, ore mashers, magnetic separation of iron, storage batteries and railway signaling devices.

During World War I, he developed a torpedo device, a flamethrower and an underwater periscope.

1929 10 2 1 On the 50th anniversary of the invention of electric light, people held a grand celebration for Edison, and famous scientists such as Albert Einstein of Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) and Madame Curie of France (born in Poland) congratulated him one after another. Unfortunately, at this celebration, Edison suddenly fainted because of excessive excitement during his defense. Since then, his health has gone from bad to worse 193 1 year1October 18 The scientist who made great contributions to mankind died of illness at the age of 84.

Edison's cultural level is extremely low, but his contribution to mankind is so great. What is the secret here? In addition to curiosity, he also has an instinct to experiment by himself, that is, he has unlimited energy and courage to work hard beyond ordinary people. When someone called Edison a "genius", he explained: "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration." He organized many people of different professions in the "invention factory", including more than 65,438+000 scientists, engineers, technicians and workers. Many of Edison's great inventions were achieved by collective strength. His achievements are mainly attributed to his diligence, creativity and collective strength. In addition, his wife also played a very important role.

Edison only attended primary school for three months in his life, and his knowledge came from his mother's teaching and self-study. His success should also be attributed to his mother's understanding and patient teaching since childhood, which made Edison, who was originally considered an imbecile, become a world-famous "king of invention" when he grew up.

According to statistics, about 1300 inventions in Edison's life were officially registered in the Patent Office. 188 1 is the highest recorded year of his invention. This year, he applied for filing 14 1 invention, and there was a new invention every three days on average.

The life of the great inventor Edison tells us that great achievements come from hard work.

As time goes by, Edison will not be forgotten. His life is glorious, and everything he has is for mankind. Edison made up his mind to make electric lights when he was a child. He saved his mother with wisdom, and there was still time for surgery.

Important invention achievements

Edison and his invention (1) synchronous transmitter.

Early telegrams could only transmit one message at a time, but could not exchange signals at the same time. Because Edison himself was a telegraph technician, he began to improve the traditional telegraph and made a double telegraph. 1874, he developed a quadruple telegraph, which is also a synchronous telegraph. At that time, before the development of radio, synchronous transmitter was a major breakthrough.

(2) improve the telephone

As we all know, the modern telephone was invented by Bell. In fact, the telephone can send and receive clearly, thanks to Edison's repeated experiments, which broke through the traditional pattern and made a toner transmitter, which improved the sensitivity, volume and receiving distance of the telephone in one fell swoop. Otherwise, you will often say hello when you call now! Hey! I can't hear you. I can't hear you clearly.

(3) the phonograph

1877 One night in February, the staff of Mengluoyuan Laboratory trembled slightly, not because of the cold, but because they heard the phonograph leave a sound for the first time. This great invention needs no more introduction, and everyone can understand how wide its application is. The French government also awarded Sir Edison the title! Later, Edison made many improvements to the phonograph until the drum was changed to a bakelite turntable. This is not a year or two, but after decades of continuous improvement!

(4) Electric lamp-the messenger of light

/kloc-at the beginning of the 0/9th century, people began to use gas lamps, but gas was supplied by pipelines. Once it leaks or is blocked, it is very prone to accidents, and people are very eager for the reform of lighting. In fact, Edison set himself an impossible task: in addition to improving lighting, he must also create a power supply system.

So he and his partners in Luomeng Garden made more than 600 experiments on heat-resistant materials and more than 600 kinds of plant fibers 1600 times before they made the first carbon filament light bulb, which can burn for 45 hours at a time. Later, he constantly improved the manufacturing method on this basis, and finally introduced a bamboo filament light bulb that can ignite 1200 hours.

In the mid-1980s, Edison's electric light career was successful, which brought him a greater reputation than any previous achievements. Before the mid-1980s, he seldom made mistakes. After that, despite his great achievements, failures are common. One of Edison's most commendable behaviors is that he criticized alternating current, saying that alternating current has side effects and may cause death and injury, but he did not specify. Therefore, some people say, "It is very contradictory for a person like him who has made many inventions to attack other people's new inventions. "He opposed the use of alternating current in favor of direct current, so he lost in a fierce and stubborn argument. On the one hand, it reflects Edison's stubborn and old-fashioned shortcomings after he became famous.

(5) Copying machine

At first, Edison invented paraffin paper, which was only widely used as packaging material for food and candy. Later, he tried to carve the outline of the words on wax paper to form a wax lettering paper tray, put white paper under the paper tray, and then rolled it off the wax lettering paper with an ink roller. A wonderful thing happened, and clear handwriting appeared on the white paper. Later, after many improvement experiments, Edison began to mass-produce the copier he invented at 1876, and all of a sudden, institutions, schools, institutions and organizations adopted this template mimeograph. Because Edison's copier is very popular all over the world, Edison deeply realized that he should invent things that people generally and deeply need.

Chronology of major events

1868 10 year 10 month 1 1, invented the "voting counter" and obtained the first patent right in his life.

1869, 10 In June, we established "Pop-Edison Company" with friends.

1870, he invented the universal printing press, granted the patent right and obtained $40,000. Set up their own manufacturing plant in new york.

1872- 1876, he invented the electric animation telegraph, the automatic recording telegraph method, the double four telegraph method, and made the wax paper carbon resistor.

1875, the acoustic analysis resonator was invented.

1876, a laboratory-the first industrial research laboratory-was established in Menlo Park, New Jersey. This is the creation of the modern concept of "research group". Invent carbon rod microphone. Apply for a patent for automatic telegraph.

1877, the telephone invented by Bell was improved and put into practical use in Monroe Park. Obtained three patents: puncture pen, pneumatic stylus and ordinary stylus. On August 20th, he invented the phonograph, which proved to be Edison's favorite project.

1878, Edison claimed to have solved the problem of electric lighting. The Royal Society held a phonograph exhibition. Improve the phonograph, design microphone, loudspeaker, aerial speaker, sound engine, tuning engine, microcalorimeter, taste tester, etc. On February 65438+9, 2009, he obtained a patent for the phonograph. In July, Professor Parker from the University of Pennsylvania and I went to Wyoming to observe the total solar eclipse and measured the temperature around the sun with the thermometer he invented. In August, I returned to Monroe Park and resumed my scientific research and experiments. Britain approved Edison's patent application for "recorder". Visit William Wallace in Connecticut in September. Began to study the invention of electric light. 654381October 5th filed a patent application for platinum wire "electric lamp".

1879 ——1880, after many hardships, invented the high resistance incandescent lamp. An improved generator. Design new current distribution method, circuit arrangement and calculation method. Invent the electric lamp holder and switch. The method of magnetic separation of ore was invented.

1879 On August 30th, Edison and Bell demonstrated their telephone equipment in the town hall of Saratoga Creek. So Edison's telephone number is clear. 101October 2 1 day, invented a high-resistance incandescent lamp, which was continuously lit for 40 hours. 1 65438+1October1applied for the patent of carbon filament lamp. 65438+February 2 1 new york Express reported Edison's incandescent lamp. On February 25th, 65438, Monroe Park held a public electric light show for 3000 tourists from new york.

1880, research helicopter. Obtain a patent for the invention of electric light. Making magnetic ore sieve. 654381October 28th, the patent of "power transmission and distribution system" was put forward. /kloc-in February of 0/8, Scripps published the article "Edison's electric light" and officially published the invention of electric light. In May, the first "Columbia" ship illuminated by electric lights made a successful trial.

In February 65438, new york Edison Electric Lighting Company was established.

188 1 year, the headquarters of Fifth Avenue in New York was established. Set up an incandescent lamp factory in new york. Set up manufacturers of generators, underground wires and electric lamp parts. Test the tram in Monroe Park.

1882, the present three-wire distribution system was invented. Patent application 14 1. The first central factory was established on September 4th. 65438+At the end of February, more than 50 small power stations/kloc-0 were established in all parts of the United States.

1885 filed a patent for wireless telegraph on May 23rd.

From 1887 to 1890, the cylinder phonograph was improved and more than 80 patents on phonograph were obtained. Engaged in the manufacture and sale of phonographs, records and sound machines.

1888, invented the phonograph.

1889, participated in the Paris Centennial Exposition. A variety of electrified railways were invented. Complete the movie machine. Edison

1890 ——1899, design large stone crusher and grinder. I personally directed the large-scale development of iron ore by new methods in Ogden Mine.

189 1 year, he invented "Edison concentrator" and started his own mining career. Obtained the patent of "mobile film projector". On May 20th, the first successful movie mirror was shown to the public at Edison Laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey.

1893, the world's first film "studio" was established in the courtyard of Edison's laboratory.

1894 On April 14, the first movable cinema projector was opened in new york.

1896 On April 23rd, the film was released for the first time in Koster-Baier Concert Hall in new york, which was warmly welcomed by the public.

1902 vehicle power test uses a new type of battery, the journey is 5000 miles, and it can run on one charge 100 miles, which is successful.

1903, Edison's company produced the first feature film great train robbery.

1909, the research on storage battery that lasted for ten years was finally successful. Send a fax or telegram. Obtained the design patents of raw material machine, fine grinding machine and long kiln.

1910-1914 years, the disc phonograph was completed without damaging records and diamond records. Complete the sound film machine.

19 10 years, invented the "disc record".

19 12 years, invented the "talking movie". Developed into a phonograph.

1914-1915, invented the comprehensive manufacturing method of carbonic acid, and combined the phonograph and dictation recorder into one as a teletypewriter, so that one party's telephone can automatically record the other party's speech. Homemade benzene, indigo oil, etc.

In1915-1918, as many as 39 inventions were completed, the most famous of which were torpedo mechanism, flamethrower and underwater periscope.

1927, completed a long record.

1928 successfully extracted rubber from weeds.

193 1 year1October18th, Edison died in west orange at the age of 84. 193 1 year1October 2 1 day, lights were turned off all over the United States to show condolences.

Genius is 1% inspiration plus 99% sweat, but that 1% inspiration is the most important thing. Edison

If you want to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference, prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry. Edison

Love will not become indifferent because of reason, nor will it be lost because of ambition. This is the second life; It permeates the soul, warms every blood vessel and beats in every pulse. Edison

Friendship can enhance happiness and relieve pain, because it can double our happiness and share our troubles. Edison

I never want to give up the life I fought for. I attach great importance to the experience gained in the struggle, especially the pleasure gained after overcoming difficulties. A person will feel useful and comfortable only after going through difficulties first and then stepping into wealth. Edison

Life is short, there are too many things to do, and I want to race against time. Edison

Honor is an excellent quality, so only noble, positive and well-educated people have it. Edison

Education is to the soul what sculpture is to marble. Edison

Nothing really valuable in the world can be obtained without hard work. Edison

Climbing high will make you feel inferior, and thinking too high will make you unable to succeed. Therefore, successful people must cultivate a cool head and focus on everything. This is the key to success. Edison

Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. Edison

People who don't make up their minds to cultivate their thinking lose the greatest pleasure in life. Edison

Surprise is the seed of science. Edison

No expedient measure can make people escape from real labor thinking. Edison

If I have more or less inspired the efforts of some people, and our work has more or less expanded the scope of human knowledge, thus adding a joy to the world, then I will be satisfied. Edison

My philosophy of life is work. I want to reveal the mysteries of nature and benefit mankind. In our short life, I don't know what is better than this kind of service. Edison

Life is short, and our best reward for this short life is work. Edison

My philosophy of life is work. I want to reveal the mysteries of nature and serve mankind. In our short life, I don't know what is better than this kind of service. Edison

Reading is to the mind what gymnastics is to the body. Edison

When a person is young, he can accomplish nothing without thinking. Edison

Positive and unsatisfied are the first necessities of progress. Edison

Failure is what I need, and it is as valuable to me as success. Only when I know all the methods to do a good job, do I know what the methods are. Edison

There is a solution to any problem, and nothing is unimaginable. If it is really hard, you can only blame yourself for being a fool and a lazy person. Edison

The so-called genius is deceptive, and hard work is true. Edison

Life is short, and our best reward for this short life is work. Edison

Climbing high will make you feel inferior, and thinking too high will make you unable to succeed. Therefore, successful people must cultivate a cool head and focus on everything. This is the key to success. Edison

Many people miss opportunities by pretending to be "hard work". Edison

Most people are unemployed because these jobs are covered with "hard work". Edison

Inventors think of inventions that are mostly impractical, and only inventions that are naturally produced by social needs are meaningful. Edison