What are the requirements for the planting environment of yacon? How to plant it?

Yacon, alias Yagong, Chrysanthemum and Cynanchum atratum, contains more than 20 kinds of amino acids and rich minerals and trace elements. It can clear away liver-heat and toxic materials, and enhance the immune function of the body. At present, it can be planted all over the country. ?

I. Requirements of Yacon on Planting Environment

The growth period of yacon is 10 month, and it has the characteristics of strong light resistance, moderate and low temperature resistance, and no fear of frost and cold. The most suitable environmental temperature for the growth of yacon is 65438 08 ~ 24℃. Its tuberous roots germinated about 2 months after sowing, and began to swell when the temperature was higher than 65438 06℃, and reached the peak at 20 ~ 25℃. Yacon is not cold-tolerant, it is easy to be frozen at 0℃, and its stem will die when it encounters frost.

Yacon is suitable for growing in low latitudes and mountains above 1000m above sea level. The annual average temperature is below 18℃ and the relative humidity is between 80% and 85%. The temperature difference between day and night is relatively large, mainly in places with night tide and fog, because fog is most conducive to the growth and storage of Yacon. Yacon requires high water quality, otherwise it is not conducive to the growth of Yacon. The growth of yacon needs loose and breathable red sand and sandy loam, and other soils are not of the best quality even if their roots grow big. ?

Second, the cultivation techniques of yacon

1, scientific land selection and fine soil preparation.

Because the roots of yacon need a lot of oxygen when they swell, and yacon is afraid of water and drought, so it needs loose soil. Yacon is not resistant to continuous cropping, and it should have been planted in light loam without Yacon. Choose plots with abundant sunshine and convenient drainage, or choose terraced fields with gentle slopes. The altitude is preferably above 1000m, the soil is fertile, the soil layer is deep (above 50㎝), the soil is neutral or slightly acidic, and the soil preparation should be fine, uniform and loose, which is conducive to the full development of roots and the expansion of tuberous roots.

2. Select seeds to accelerate germination and raise seedlings in time.

Seed potatoes with smooth surface, no spots and no mildew should be selected before seedling raising, and it is suggested to soak them in potassium permanganate at a ratio of 0.03% for disinfection. Then spread 1 layer of fine sand on the bottom, arrange seed potatoes, cover with two layers of sand, and repeat this for several times, then cover with film for moisture preservation and heat preservation, and cut into pieces and sow after germination. When dicing, pay attention to cutting according to the standard of 40 ~ 80g per block. Each seed stem must have more than 1 bud eyes. Handle the cut seed stems carefully, and be careful not to hurt the buds. Cover the wound with plant ash after cutting to prevent infection. Under normal circumstances, each seed tuber of yacon can reproduce about 30 plants.

The sowing period of yacon is from late February to early April. It is best to use nutrition bags for seedling raising in small arch shed. When the seedlings grow to 12 ~ 14 ㎝, they can be transplanted. Pay attention to watering the roots when transplanting.

3. Sow in time.

Trench the sorted plot according to the row spacing of 1 ~ 1.2m, with the required depth of 20cm, and evenly sprinkle a layer of quicklime in the trench or hole. It is suggested that each ton of farm manure and humus should be mixed with 30 kg of lime for decomposition and fermentation, and 20 kg of special organic micro-fertilizer should be added after fermentation. The amount of land used per mu is more than 2000 kilograms. After applying sufficient base fertilizer in ditches or holes, ridging should be carried out. After ridging, dig planting holes at 0.8 ~ 1 m and place seed potatoes or transplanted seedlings. Note that the seed potato should be placed flat in the ditch or hole, and the bud eye must face up. After pouring the root water, cover the soil with a thickness of about 5㎝, and no tubers can be found.

4. Tian Tuan management

Ridge-raising in intertillage: After planting yacon, when the seedling height is 20㎝, water it to conserve moisture, and combine with weeding, gradually raise the ridge to about 30㎝. When the rhizome swells, intertillage and weed, and cultivate the soil while weeding. Be careful not to expose the swollen roots outside the soil.

Fertilizer and water management: Because the water demand of yacon is relatively small in the early growth stage, it will increase sharply in the middle and late growth stage, so irrigation should be carried out in time. Therefore, it is required that the water quality of irrigation should be good and there should be no pollution, otherwise it will easily cause root rot. When the weather is dry, always pay attention to watering, and pay attention to the accumulation of water in the plot during the rainy season. Yacon is a short-term domesticated plant, and it does not need much fertilizer during the whole growth period. The fertilization principle of yacon is: base fertilizer, no nitrogen topdressing, and appropriate potassium topdressing. When the root system of yacon enters the period of rapid expansion, it is suggested to apply 0.5 ~ 1.0 kg sulfur-containing compound fertilizer to each hole. Potassium sulfate 1.0 ~ 1.5 kg.

Pruning management: When the stem length of yacon is about 1 m, some tillers will appear. If the fertility of the plot is relatively high and the planting density is relatively high, it can be carried out step by step, removing redundant paper strips and controlling the aboveground parts to promote rhizome expansion. If the soil fertility is thin and the density is thin, pruning is not needed.

Step 5 harvest

Yacon is mature when there are five small Huang Juhua flowers at the top. In the south, you can leave seeds if you don't dig, and you can dig with seeds in March of the following year. In the northern region, the yield can be increased by keeping the branches and leaves mature for a period of time. Harvest in time before the frost and snow come. When harvesting, the branches should be cut off first, and the foundation pile of 20-30cm should be left. Be careful not to hurt the root block when digging. After digging, the root block should be hoisted together with the pile foundation, and then the edible root block should be removed. Then the whole seed potato is stored indoors for sand storage, or stored in the cellar, and then cut when planting or raising seedlings in the next year. After the root tuber is dug out, it can be stored like a sweet potato until April of the following year, and it can be stored for 5-7 days. After the yacon is ripe, the fructooligosaccharides contained in it are completely transformed, and the meat becomes orange, which will make it sweeter to eat.

6, the prevention and control of pests and diseases

There are few diseases and insect pests in yacon, and there is basically no disease during the whole growth period. Occasionally there are stem rot, aphids, cabbage worms, red spiders and so on. Seedling stage. It is suggested to spray 72% phenylurea manganese zinc wettable powder 800 times, 4.5% cypermethrin 1500 times and 1.8% avermectin EC 300 times respectively. If we want to control soil silkworm and flower beetle, soil silkworm can be sprayed with quicklime after raising soil moisture, and if flower beetle eats leaves, it can be sprayed with 5% carbendazim brown sugar water. In addition, we should also pay attention to prevent the harm of wild animals, such as wild boar.

The above are the requirements for the planting environment of yacon and the planting management measures. I hope I can help you. If you have any questions, you can also leave a message in the comments area for our discussion.