+What are the historical sites in Beijing?

Beijing is a famous national historical and cultural city with a history of 3,000 years. Beijing was once the capital of six dynasties in history. During the more than 2,000 years since Yan State, many magnificent palace buildings have been built, making Beijing the city with the largest number of royal palaces, gardens, temples and tombs in China. Among them, the Forbidden City in Beijing was called Oi Miyagi in Ming Dynasty and the Forbidden City in Qing Dynasty. It used to be the imperial palace of Ming and Qing dynasties, where 24 emperors lived. The magnificent building perfectly embodies the traditional classical style and oriental style of China. It is the largest existing palace in China and even the world, and it is a precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The Temple of Heaven is famous at home and abroad for its reasonable layout and exquisite architecture. It is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties "worship heaven" and "pray for the valley". It is the largest existing ancient sacrificial building complex in China and a precious heritage of world architectural art. The Summer Palace is a famous tourist attraction in Beijing. Yuanmingyuan is the most famous imperial garden in China. It enjoys a high reputation in the history of Chinese and foreign gardens and has high artistic value. Known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". The Ming Tombs are the largest imperial tombs in Beijing, with 13 Ming Tombs, especially the Ming Tombs excavated in modern times, which are huge and spectacular.

traditional culture

Siheyuan and Hutong Siheyuan are the floorboards of traditional houses in the north, with the main house, inverted house and east-west wing surrounding the Intermediate People's Court to form a plane layout. The quadrangle in Beijing originated from the quadrangle in Yuan Dynasty, which is the most important residential building in old Beijing. The narrow hutong formed between quadrangles with blue tiles and gray bricks is the famous old Beijing hutong. Temple fayuan temple

Religious temples in Beijing are all over the capital. The existing famous ones are Fayuan Temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju Temple and Badachu. Taoist Baiyun temple, etc. Islam, niujie Worship Temple, etc. The Lama Temple of Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), the Catholic Church of Forty Stores, the Catholic Church of Wangfujing, etc. Christian Gangwa Church, Chongwenmen Church, etc. Central Axis Beijing Central Axis refers to the central axis of Beijing in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and Beijing's urban planning is characterized by symmetry around Miyagi. The central axis of Beijing starts from Yongdingmen in the south and ends at the Bell and Drum Tower in the north, with a length of about 7.8 kilometers. From south to north are Yongdingmen, Qianmen Arrow Tower, Zhengyangmen, Zhonghua Gate, Tiananmen Gate, Duanmen, Wumen Gate, Forbidden City, Shenwumen, Jingshan, Di 'anmen, Houmenqiao, Drum Tower and Bell Tower. From Yongdingmen, the southern end of this central axis, there are the Temple of Heaven and the Xiannongtan. Ancestral temples and social altars; Donghuamen and Xihuamen; Andingmen and Deshengmen are symmetrically distributed with the central axis. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous architect in China, once said: "The unique grand order of Beijing is produced by the establishment of this central axis." Yongdingmen Gate, Zhonghua Gate and Di 'anmen Gate were all demolished after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and Yongdingmen Gate Tower was rebuilt in recent years. The city was built in Qianmen Street, the "Tianjie" of the Ming Dynasty from 65438 to 0550.

Beijing City is the general name of the capital defense buildings in the late Ming and Qing Dynasties in the history of China. It consists of Miyagi, Imperial City, Inner City and Outer City, including city walls, gates, urns, watchtowers, enemy platforms, moats and many other facilities. It was once the most complete ancient city defense system in China. Beijing city gate is the general name of Beijing city gate in Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to the different grades and building specifications, it is divided into four categories: Gongchengmen, Huangchengmen, Inner Chengmen and Outer Chengmen. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were four gates of Miyagi (called six), four gates of Imperial City (called six or seven), nine gates of inner city and seven gates of outer city in Beijing. There is a folk saying that there are nine doors inside and seven doors outside. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, Beijing was gradually demolished. Except for Miyagi, only Tiananmen Square was retained, and only Zhengyangmen, Deshengmen archway, Southeast Corner and Chongwenmen were left in the inner city. All the outer cities were destroyed and only Yongdingmen was rebuilt. Peking Opera Peking Opera is the quintessence of China. The origin of Beijing Opera can be traced back to several ancient local dramas. 1790, the four major local operas in Anhui-Sanqing, Sixi, Chungong and Chunchun-were performed in Beijing and achieved unprecedented success. Huiban often cooperates with artists in Hubei, so a new kind of drama was born, which is based on the Hui tune "Huang Er" and the Han tune "Xipi" and combines the essence of local dramas such as Kunqu Opera, Shaanxi Opera and Bangzi. This is Beijing Opera. In the course of 200 years' development, Beijing opera is more and more like Beijing in lyrics, intonation and rhythm. The erhu, Jinghu and other musical instruments used also integrate the characteristics of many ethnic groups and eventually become a mature art. Beijing opera is an art that combines singing, dancing, martial arts, music, art and literature. It is similar to western opera, so it is called "Beijing Opera" by westerners. Shizeng Zhang, a traditional arts and crafts artist from China: Originally named Shi Zeng, now lives in Beijing. Shizeng Zhang, the great disciple of Fan Ceng, a master of calligraphy and painting, is a historical precedent for painting into books, and he is the leader of China classical traditional figure painting. Eight Views of Yanjing Eight Views of Yanjing refer to the eight old landscapes in Beijing, including Jimen Smoky Tree (West Tucheng), Lugou Xiaoyue (Lugou Bridge), Jintai Zhao Xi (Jintai Road), Qiongdao Chunyin (Beihai Park), Juyong Diecui (Badaling), Taiyou Qiufeng (Zhongnanhai), Yuquan Tu Tu (Yuquan Mountain) and Xishan Qing Xue (Xishan Qing Xue). The Eight Scenes in Beijing were first mentioned in the ancient book Ming Chang Yi in the Jin Dynasty. Later, the Eight Scenes of Yanjing were mentioned in local chronicles such as Wanbu Miscellanies (Ming) and Chronicle of Chen Yuan (Qing). The early Eight Scenes are slightly different from the old age. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong personally presided over the revision of the Eight Scenes of Yanjing and ordered the monument to be built for the Eight Scenes of Yanjing.

prescribe a diet

Beijing is the eighth largest "food city" in the world, ranking first in the mainland. Beijing's flavor snacks have a long history, a wide variety, exquisite materials and fine production, and are famous far and near. "Du Men Zhu Zhi Ci" in the Qing Dynasty said: "The three big money sell flowers, cut cakes, and have a bowl of sweet porridge in the morning before eating tea and noodles; Sweet-eared frozen fruit fried cake, baked sesame seed cake hanging on the stove loves to nest, and the fork that has just been fired is called Bobo. The wonton of steamed dumplings is full of vegetables, and the newly added dumplings are good ... "These snacks are sold at temple fairs or street fairs, and people will come across them by accident, which is vividly called" eating "in old Beijing. The representatives of Beijing-style snacks include bean juice, bean-flavored noodles, sour plum soup, tea soup, steamed stuffed bun, tuckahoe cake, preserved fruit, candied haws, Aiwowo, pea yellow, snowballing, enema, fried belly, fried liver and so on.

sports

Beijing has hosted the first, second, third, fourth and seventh National Games, 1990 Beijing Asian Games and Beijing Olympic Center during the Olympic Games: Bird's Nest and Water Cube.

The 2nd1Universiade, the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the 2008 Beijing Paralympic Games. In 2009, there were 6 149 stadiums in Beijing (Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics). Mainly for the National Stadium (Bird's Nest), National Swimming Center (Water Cube), Beijing Olympic Water Park, Capital Gymnasium, Workers Stadium, Beijing University Gymnasium, Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium, Beijing Shooting Range, Fengtai Softball Stadium, Yuetan Gymnasium, National Tennis Center, Wukesong Gymnasium, etc. In the 1950s, there were only four sports in Beijing: football, basketball, volleyball and table tennis, with less than 100 athletes. At present, there are 28 sports teams in Beijing, with excellent athletes 1075, and a number of famous athletes such as Zhuang Zedong, Lang Ping, Song Xiaobo, Li Rongrong, Nie Weiping, Xie Jun, Yangling, Li Na, Zhang Yining, Gao Hongbo, Chen Yang and Shao Jiayi have emerged. By the end of 2002, Beijing athletes had won 149 world champions, 144 Asian champions and 592 national champions (Beijing Sports Bureau). On June 365438+1October 3 1 in 2009, Beijing Guoan Football Team, representing the highest level of the three major balls in Beijing, won the 2009 Super League championship. The 1st World Wushu Fighting Games was held in Beijing from August 28th to September 4th, 20 10. This is the largest international sports event held in Beijing since the 2008 Olympic Games, with as many countries and regions participating as 106. Jackie Chan and Jet Li made their debut at the opening ceremony of the first Wushu Festival on 28th.

international exhibition

Beijing is the only international conference city in China that ranks among the top 10 in the world (released by ICCA 2010). There are 2 1 exhibitions certified by UFI, accounting for more than 1/4 of the national total. 20106-July, Beijing * * * held 5/kloc-0 large-scale international exhibitions, a sharp increase of 4 1.7% over the same period last year. Auto china is on par with Detroit, Frankfurt, Geneva and Tokyo, and the world's top five auto shows. Beijing Auto Show ranks first in the world.

News and publication

There are two national radio stations (china national radio and China Radio International), two national television stations (CCTV and China Education Television), 1 municipal radio station (Beijing People's Broadcasting Station) and 1 municipal television station (Beijing TV Station) in Beijing. In 2009, 259 newspapers and 2,898 periodicals were published in Beijing, both at the same level as at the end of last year. Published 17 10000 books, 34000 more than last year.

Film and television industry

The birthplace of China's films is Daguanlou in Beijing Dashilan. Beij is that largest ticket warehouse city in China, with the lar number of cinemas and screens in China. Huairou District, the film capital of China, has 60% of the country's film production capacity, the largest film studio in the world, and the largest film shooting and post-production base in China and even Asia.

Edit this entertainment

Beijing's cultural life is rich and colorful, and various performances and international exhibitions emerge one after another. Beijing Opera, known as the "national quintessence" of China, has a history of more than 200 years. Its gorgeous costumes, beautiful singing and ever-changing facial makeup are impressive. The famous National Grand Theatre, Chang 'an Grand Theatre, Huguang Hall, Laoshe Teahouse, China Peking Opera Theatre, Mei Lanfang Grand Theatre and poly theatre are all Wangfujing Street.

There are often traditional Peking Opera performances. The nightlife in Beijing is equally wonderful. Houhai, Sanlitun and Nanluoguxiang Bar Street are all good places. The Beijing Planetarium was completed on September 29th. 1957. Its facilities include planetarium, foyer, exhibition hall, lecture hall and observatory.

Scenic spots/tourist attractions

Beijing is the city with the largest number of world heritage sites (6 sites) and the first capital city with a world geological park. Beijing is rich in tourism resources, with more than 200 tourist attractions open to the outside world, including the world's largest Forbidden City, the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, the Royal Garden Beihai, the Royal Garden Summer Palace and Yuanmingyuan, as well as Badaling Great Wall, Mutianyu Great Wall and Gongwangfu, the world's largest quadrangle. There are 7309 cultural relics in the city, 99 national key cultural relics protection units (including the Great Wall and the Beijing section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal), 326 municipal cultural relics protection units, 5 national geological parks and 0/5 national forest parks. The World Cultural Heritage Forbidden City, the Great Wall, Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site, the Temple of Heaven, the Summer Palace, the Ming Tombs World Geopark Badaling Great Wall and Beijing Fangshan World Geopark are among the top ten scenic spots in China.

Badaling-Ming Tombs, Shihuadong National Historical and Cultural City Guozijian Street, China Historical and Cultural Street, Gubeikou Town, Xie Jie, Dai Yan, Mentougou District, Miyun County: Xianxia Village, Lingshui Village and Liuliqu Village, Zhaitang Town, Grand Canal; Beijing Yunju Temple Pagoda, Tibetan Sutra Cave and Stone Sutra; Beijing Ancient Observatory; Beihai Park; Lugou Bridge

Customized specialty

Beijing is one of the four ancient capitals in China. There are many local folk customs: Beijing snacks, Peking Opera, Jingyun drum, cross talk, stage play, iron plate fast book, cloisonne, tooth carving, hairy monkey, Qi Diao, cricket and cricket cage, sugar blower, dough mixer and so on.

museum

Beijing is the "Museum Capital", with the registered museum 15 1, ranking second in the world (after London). The National Museum is the largest museum in the world. The Forbidden City is one of the five largest museums in the world. Capital Museum, China Millennium Monument, Beijing Planetarium, China Science and Technology Museum, Natural Museum, China Art Museum, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Hall, Military Museum, Aviation Museum, etc.

Modern culture

798 Art District, Beijing Music Festival, Tango, Goods, Baby Face, Banana Dance Club, Tang Hui, Sanlitun Bar Street, Houhai Bar Street, Nanluoguxiang, Lost in Beijing, Subway Passengers, Beijing Fashion Map, SOHO, etc.

Cultural attractions

Forbidden City, Great Wall, Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, Ming Tombs, Shichahai, Yuanmingyuan, Lugou Bridge, Mutianyu Great Wall, Simatai Great Wall, Jinshanling Great Wall, Juyongguan Great Wall, Jiankou Great Wall, Gongwangfu Garden, Qinchun Wangmi, Beihai Park, Peking University, Hutong, Beijing Zoo, Beijing Botanical Garden, Panjiayuan Antique Market, etc.

Religious culture

China is a country with freedom of religious belief and fully respects every religion. The religions in Beijing are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christianity. Temples, temples, temples and churches in Beijing are places where religious circles and believers conduct religious activities. The most famous ones are: Catholic East Hall, Catholic South Hall, Gangwacheng Christian Church, Chongwenmen Christian Church, niujie Mosque, Dongsi Mosque, Guangji Temple, Guanghua Temple, Baiyun Temple and Yonghe Palace. Buddhism: There are mainly Tanzhe Temple (the oldest temple in Beijing, built 800 years ago), Yunju Temple, Jietai Temple, Fayuan Temple and Guobao Temple. Taoism: Baiyun Temple (Quanzhen Road), Dongyue Temple (Zhengyi Road), Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), Lama Temple and Islam: mainly niujie Worship Temple, Dongzhimenwai Mosque and Dongsi Mosque. Catholicism: Xishiku Catholic Church, Xuanwumen Catholic Church, Wangfujing Catholic Church, Xizhimen Catholic Church and Dongjiaominxiang Catholic Church. Christianity: Chongwenmen Church, Gangwacheng Church, zhushikou Church, Kuanjie Church, Haidian Church, etc. Orthodox Church: St Nicholas Church (relic)

Shopping block

Beijing is the only mainland city selected as the world's 15 shopping capital, with more than 100 large and medium-sized shopping malls. Wangfujing Street, Qianmen Dashilan and Xidan Commercial Street are traditional business districts in Beijing. International Trade Mall, Oriental Xintiandi and Zhongguancun Plaza are newly emerging commercial giants in recent years. If you are interested in antiques, you can visit Liulichang or Panjiayuan's antique city. If you have a soft spot for foreign trade clothing, don't miss Xiushui Street and Yaxiu Clothing Wholesale Market. Cloisonne, jade and silk embroidery have a long history. Folk handicrafts, such as clay figurines, Peking Opera masks, kites, paper-cuts, etc., are all good gifts for relatives and friends.

Edit this section of science education.

Beijing is the largest scientific and technological research base in China, including China Academy of Sciences, China Academy of Engineering and other scientific research institutions, as well as Zhongguancun Science Park in Beijing, known as Silicon Valley in China, which accounts for one-third of the country's annual awards. From 65438 to 0998, Beijing High-tech Industry International Week, a large-scale international event with the theme of high-tech industry, was successfully held every year. Beijing is also the most developed area in China. By August of 20 10, there were 82 universities in Beijing, including Peking University, Tsinghua University, Renmin University of China, Beijing Normal University, Beihang University, Beijing Institute of Technology and China Agricultural University. The number of students in this college reached 577,000 in the whole year. There are 52 institutions of higher learning and 1 17 scientific research institutions in the city to train graduate students, and 209,000 graduate students are studying. Beijing has the third largest library in the world and the largest in Asia: the National Library of China. China Academy of Sciences Library and Peking University Library rank among the top five libraries in China.