About a brave heart

The Historical Background of Brave Heart

William wallace and Scottish War of Independence.

1297 In the winter, the northern part of William Wallace Land, which just defeated the English at Stirling Bridge, was swept away for a long time. Although there was a similar invasion in the war of 1296, it never reached the scale of Wallace. The loss caused by Wallace's attack and its influence on the local people were recorded by a contemporary chronicler: "At that time, in all provinces from Newcastle to Carlisle, all monasteries and churches stopped praising God. All monks, monks, priests, lords' bannermen and almost all subjects fled before the Scots. "(Remarks: 1) Wallace's victory posed a direct threat to England, making King Edward's efforts to annex Scotland almost go to waste.

The first is the succession crisis in Scotland.

During the reign of Henry III Edward I of England, England's father, the relationship between England and Scotland became very close because of the signing of the Treaty of York and two royal marriages (Alexander II married Joanna, Henry III's sister, in 122 1 and Alexander III married Margaret, Henry III's daughter, in 125 1). On March 1286, 18, King Alexander III of Scotland fell off a cliff and died. Because all his children died before him, his granddaughter, Princess Margaret, known as the "Norwegian girl" (her father was Norwegian King Eric II who hated priests) became the sole heir to the throne. Margaret was officially recognized as Queen of Scotland at the age of six, and the Scottish Parliament appointed a six-member committee, which will replace the Queen in governing the country until she grows up. The wily English Edward I of England (the Queen's uncle) proposed that Prince Edward of Wales marry Margaret, and Edward's proposal was echoed by the six-member committee. In their view, the combination of the young queen and the prince of Wales will surely become a new bond between Scotland and England. 1In July, 290, representatives of Scotland, England and Norway signed the Treaty of Bergham on the royal marriage between Scotland and England in Bergham, Tweed. In order to marry Prince Edward of Wales, Margaret left Norway for Scotland and arrived in Orkney Islands at the end of September. Unfortunately, however, she fell ill here and died soon (according to the historical materials quoted in A·O· Anderson's early historical materials, Margaret died in the arms of Bishop Bergen). .

After Margaret's death, Scotland lost its orthodox royal heir, and domestic aristocrats quarreled over the throne. In the event of a dispute between the two sides, William Fraser, a respected Bishop of St Andrews, a member of the six-member committee, invited Edward I of England of England as an arbitrator. Naturally, this "Justinian of England" didn't want to miss this godsend opportunity to intervene in Scotland's internal affairs, so he generously agreed. After Edward came to Edinburgh, he did not immediately fulfill the mission of arbitrator, but asked Scottish nobles to admit that they were the supreme patriarch of Scotland no matter who became king. The nobles who were carried away by the "king dream" completely accepted Edward's unreasonable demands, regardless of his naked ambitions for Scotland. Thirteen candidates competed for the Scottish throne, and ten of them were quickly eliminated by the English Edward I of England for various reasons. The other three candidates are descendants of David, the Earl of Huntington (the youngest son of King David I of Scotland), and male heirs of the Earl of Huntington's three daughters. The question is which daughter should I choose? Roibert Briuis (Note 3), the second daughter of Earl Kerrick, was appointed as the heir to the throne by Alexander II, and he was the most suitable candidate for the king in terms of lineage and qualifications. However, Edward I of England, an English arbitrator, did not think so. His ideal king of Scotland is a puppet at his mercy. How can a man who has endured the throne for decades like Robert Bruise be willing to be used by himself? So, in 1292, Edward I of England made john barry Orr king of Scotland. He was the grandson of the eldest daughter of the Earl of Huntington, and he was only 16 years old. According to the prior commitment, Barriol swore allegiance to Edward the day after he ascended the throne, and addressed him as the Scottish Supreme Patriarch.

A shrewd man like Edward I of England sometimes makes wrong judgments. He thought that Barrel would be obedient to himself, but as the king of a country, Barrel was not willing to be a puppet of the British. 1295, a war broke out between Britain and France. Edward I of England of England, like a courtier, ordered Barriol to lead the Scottish army to go to France with him. Not only that, he further put forward the harsh requirement that "Scottish merchant ships should not leave Hong Kong during the Anglo-French War". Barriol not only ignored his call, but also formed an alliance with France and Norway in July of that year (known as the Old Testament in history), which lasted until16th century. According to the Covenant, France provides Scotland with a subsidy of 50 thousand pounds a year. In exchange, Scotland spends four months a year trying to get rid of the shackles of England. Barriol's boldness angered Long Foot, who immediately launched a punitive war against Scotland. 1In March 296, King Edward I of England led his troops to capture Beric, the leading Scottish commercial city. The residents of this city rose up to resist, but they could do nothing. Beric fell on March 30th. After the British army entered the city, they burned, killed and plundered, and the cruelty was beyond measure. Thousands of victims. On April 27th, the English army led by John de Valene, Earl of Surrey, defeated Barriol's 40,000 troops at the Battle of Dunbar. Scots were all over the Dunbar battlefield, and many nobles were captured. Dunbar's fiasco decided Barriol's fate. 10 was forced to surrender to Edward I of England in July, and Longford imprisoned more than 2,000 Scottish dignitaries including him (Note 4). Soon after, he deposed Barriol, became the highest patriarch of Scotland, and established his own ruling institution in Beric. "Long Foot" ordered John de Waloen to lead his troops to stay in Scotland for a long time and divide his troops to guard the major castles in Scotland. At the same time, Edward I of England of England imposed a large number of loyal county magistrates and lords on Scots, and most of them were English. Edward I of England of England also took the "Squash Stone", a symbol of Scottish kingship, from a village called Squash and brought it back to London as a trophy. "Skun Stone", also known as "stone of destiny", was the "throne" of the ancient Scottish king when he was crowned. The Long Foot Order set the "Squun Stone" in a carved high-backed oak chair as a symbol of the occupation of Scotland. This chair is the famous "King Edward Chair". 1On August 22nd, 2997, Long Foot, who thought that Scotland was firmly in control, left Scotland with satisfaction and went to Flanders. Shortly after he left, the struggle against British rule began all over Scotland.