How to use the paraxial camera to "think about shooting"

1. About composition, what you see is what you get, and the sideline is not. No matter whether the SLR focuses farthest or recently, the viewfinder looks through the lens, so the problem of difference is ignored. Paraxial viewfinder has a composition frame, which is generally suitable for farthest focusing. When focusing recently, the center of the picture moves to the lower right, and the picture shrinks, but the viewfinder can't see it. Advanced paraxial has parallax correction, such as CONTAX G 1\G2, such as Leica M6 and above. If you look closely, you will know that the composition frame is in the middle when focusing farthest, and it will automatically move to the lower right corner when focusing recently, but the macula of the central point will not move, so when focusing recently (taking CONTAX G2+G45 lens as an example, the recent focus is 50CM), the central point of the picture should be located in the lower right corner of the original central point, because the lower right corner of the composition frame is closest to the lens, no matter whether it is farthest or nearest, so the parallax in this part is the least. It can be used as a reference for the whole composition, and the upper left corner and the original central point (macula or central focus frame) are greatly affected by parallax, the upper left corner is the largest, the lower right corner is the smallest, and so on. Only by paying attention to this point can the composition accuracy be achieved when focusing recently.

In addition, as long as the SLR is equipped with a lens, the viewfinder is actually the size of the lens. On the other hand, the paraxial is different. Generally, there are only 28, 35, 50, 90, 135 standard frames. When you encounter shots like 15, 2 1, 40, 60, 75, and 100, the paraxial will have a more realistic frame.

2. As for focusing, what you see is what the SLR gets. As long as the scenery seen by the viewfinder is clear, there is no problem. The focus on the paraxial macula is in the form of a split image. The viewfinder is always clear except for the scenes in the macula, and the focus is successful only when the scenes in the macula overlap, so it is easy to focus on objects with obvious corners, such as pillars and chairs, but it is difficult to focus on pure plane objects, such as finding a reference object that can be overlapped on a whole white wall or a huge sphere. Macula can only judge the coincidence of the edges of the sphere, but in fact, the sphere is facing the convex arc of the lens, and it is impossible to see whether the focusing is successful (this situation only occurs under the condition of the scene depth with the maximum aperture). In this case, we need to think about it, which requires the photographer to have certain spatial distance judgment ability. For example, the sphere in the above picture, we can first use the macula to make the edge of the sphere overlap, and the focus is on the space on the edge of the sphere. Then we can intuitively observe the extent to which the sphere protrudes from the side of the lens, and then fine-tune the lens (99% of paraxial lenses are calibrated by distance scale and depth of field, which can be referenced), and make an estimation in our mind, so that the focus finally falls on the convex arc. Therefore, when shooting the above special scenes, we must first conceive the distance and spatial position. Another solution is simply to estimate the depth of field, narrow the aperture and look at the Jing Shenbiao of the lens. As long as the subject is within the depth of field (generally, the aperture receives F5.6, and the scene is clear within at least 5 meters of the depth of field). In this case, as long as the error before and after focusing is about 2.5 meters, it is very clear, and it is not necessary to accurately estimate the position of the focus to 65438+ like the maximum aperture.

3. Regarding metering, the metering of SLR is to meter the light entering the lens inside the fuselage. Leica, CONTAX G series, HEXAR RF, IKON and other advanced side shafts are similar to SLR, but other side shaft machines are more about measuring light outside the fuselage. The advantage of in-lens photometry is to measure where the lens is facing, and external photometry is to measure the average illumination of a certain area. Ordinary outdoor scenes can be solved by sunlight 16, which is not explained much, but in some scenes, such as the weak sunlight projected from the window at the end of a long corridor, sunlight 16 is weak. The photometry in the lens can accurately measure the value of the projected sunlight or the edge, and the photometry outside the fuselage measures the corridor, the projected sunlight, the dark corner and other places as the average illuminance value of a plane. In this case, the photometric values obtained by entering two steps are different from those obtained by leaving two steps, while the photometric values in the lens are basically unchanged, and the exposure of the photos taken by them is completely different.

Therefore, in order to achieve accurate photometry, the paraxial solution for external photometry of the fuselage is to be close to the photographed object at a certain distance, so that the average photometric value of the fuselage is close to the illuminance value of the object itself, and then to be far away from the object for composition after recording, or to be equipped with an exposure meter for spot photometry. The paraxial of metering through the lens is just like a SLR, just shoot.

Of course, after a lot of shooting, it is possible to establish accurate photometry cognition in the brain, which is the so-called human flesh photometry skill. Classical photographers are generally good at human flesh photometry. After all, from the invention of the camera to the appearance of the camera with metering function, there was no metering in those decades, especially in the battlefield of World War II where Leica shined, and photographers did not have enough time to do machine metering. Those classic photos are almost all obtained by photographers' human flesh metering.