What items do you need to do for general inspection? What hospital is more reliable?

This belongs to the physical examination. Generally, large hospitals have special physical examination departments, which are specially used for physical examination. Generally, I go to the physical examination on an empty stomach in the morning, which can be completed in half a morning to one morning. Most of the departments of physical examination are independent, which is different from the usual outpatient service. Only a few items may go to the clinic for examination. You can check the contact information of the physical examination department and consult related matters through the homepage of major hospitals and online reservation system. Some need to make an appointment, some don't, and check directly when people arrive. You can learn about this by telephone.

Physical examination items generally include liver function, blood sugar, blood lipid, renal function, abdominal B-ultrasound, male B-ultrasound, female B-ultrasound, routine hematuria, hepatitis screening, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, internal medicine, surgery and otolaryngology. Men and women are different. Generally, there are some separate events for men and women. In addition, hospital physical examination generally has various levels of packages, from ordinary to full set, and the fees are different. You can choose according to your physical condition.

If you want to know more about the physical examination items, please refer to the following, and please ignore those that are not needed:

Bleed

Take a blood sample.

X-ray examination of physical examination items

Through chest X-ray fluoroscopy, the diseases that can be screened out include tuberculosis, lung tumor, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, bronchiectasis, tracheal dilatation, ventricular hypertrophy, aortic arch protrusion, scoliosis and the diagnosis of chest bone diseases. If the frontal chest X-ray examination is normal, but there is a long-term cough with bloodshot sputum, it is necessary to add a lateral chest X-ray examination.

Bone mineral density of physical examination items

People's bone mineral density reaches its peak around the age of 30, and then the bone is lost year by year, leading to the looseness and fragility of bone structure, and gradually "osteoporosis" appears. Therefore, it is best for normal people to have a screening every year after the age of 30.

Five ultrasonic examinations

Detection of common sub-items in physical examination items

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Physical examination item stomach

Imported capsule endoscope

It is called "Intelligent Capsule Gastrointestinal Endoscope System" and "Medical Wireless Endoscope". Capsule endoscopy has the advantages of convenient examination, no trauma, no lead, no pain, no cross infection and no influence on the normal work of patients. It broadens the vision of digestive tract examination, overcomes the shortcomings of traditional insertion endoscope, such as poor tolerance, inapplicability to the elderly, infirmity and critical illness, and can be used as the first choice for the diagnosis of digestive tract diseases, especially small intestine diseases.

Physical examination items abdomen

Check whether there are lesions in gallbladder, liver, pancreas, spleen and kidney. It mainly examines eight parts, including liver, intrahepatic bile duct, common bile duct, gallbladder, kidney, hepatic portal vein, pancreas, spleen and others. Detect fatty liver, liver cirrhosis, hepatolithiasis, unexplained abdominal pain and other diseases.

Prostate ultrasound

Physical examination item prostate

Prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, prostate cancer, prostate cyst, prostate abscess, prostate tuberculosis, prostate calculus, etc.

Electrocardiogram of physical examination items

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to track the potential changes related to heartbeat, so as to judge whether there are abnormal conditions such as atrial or ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, irregular pulse, pericarditis and systemic diseases.

Physical examination items: 5 items of internal medicine.

(heart, lung, liver, spleen, nervous system, etc. ) exclude medical diseases or find signs of medical diseases through physical examination.

Physical examination item 7 operation item

(Skin, spine, limbs, thyroid, breast, anus, external genitalia, etc. ) Understand the basic situation of surgical system through palpation and physical examination.

Physical examination items: 4 ophthalmology items.

(Vision, color discrimination, external eye, intraocular pressure, fundus, slit lamp examination, etc. ).

The eyes are an important tool for transmitting external conditions to the brain. To know whether they are normal or not, it is necessary to have an eye examination. Understand whether there are lesions in fundus and blood vessels through fundus photography; Such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, cataract, optic neuritis and optic atrophy.

Physical examination items stomatology

10 (lip, cheek, tooth, gum, periodontal ligament, tongue, palate, parotid gland, submandibular gland, infratemporal gland) passed the physical examination, and dental diseases were excluded or signs of dental diseases were found.

Physical examination items Otolaryngology

Seven items (hearing, external ear, internal ear, nasal cavity, nasal septum, pharynx, larynx, etc. ) mainly includes: ear, nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, throat and other parts. Ears: eardrum rupture, otitis media, etc. Nose: sinusitis, curvature of diaphragm, tonsil lesions, etc. Throat: Polyps, nodules, laryngeal tumors, etc.

Physical examination items: 4 gynecological items.

Gynecological routine

Screening the size, color and shape of the cervix; Whether there is erosion, polyp, tumor and inflammation; And quantity, nature, color, smell, etc. And touch the elasticity, smoothness and tenderness of the vagina; And touch the uterus and accessories for tenderness and lumps.

Cervical smear

It is important to screen cervical cancer by cervical smear. The incidence of cervical cancer is high, but the mortality rate is not so high, mainly because of the effect of early detection and early treatment. Because cervical smear examination is an effective method to screen cervical cancer, all women who have sex should be examined once a year.

Infrared scanning of breast

Mammography is an X-ray instrument used to observe compressed breasts. This X-ray examination can find many breast lesions that cannot be touched by hands, and the probability of finding early breast cancer is quite high.

Physical examination items Gynecological B-ultrasound

Gynecological ultrasound examination can find out whether there are lesions in reproductive organs such as uterus and ovary. Screening diseases: diseases such as hysteromyoma, hysterofibroma, uterine cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer, ovarian cyst and ovarian cancer can be found.

Physical examination items blood routine

White blood cell count (WBC) is mainly used for defense. If white blood cells increase or decrease, they need to be classified as bacterial infection or viral infection or leukemia (commonly known as hematologic cancer).

The value of lymphocyte white blood cell classification (LYN) is helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.

granulocyte

Red blood cell count Anemia or blood loss will affect the number of red blood cells.

High values may lead to polycythemia or thalassemia;

The low value may be anemia.

Hemoglobin (HGB) is mainly used to check whether there is anemia.

Hematocrit (HCT) refers to the percentage of red blood cells in the blood, which can help us to understand the degree of anemia more correctly.

Mean red blood cell volume (MCV) is a reference index to distinguish various anemia.

Average erythrocyte hemoglobin content

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

Red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW) When the size of red blood cells changes greatly, RDW will increase, which can be used as a reference for the diagnosis of anemia.

High platelet count (PLT) may be related to polycythemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, myelofibrosis, splenectomy, chronic infection or acute infection recovery period. When the platelet value is too low, aplastic anemia with bleeding tendency and poor coagulation may occur.

Mean platelet volume

Platelet distribution width (PDW)

Platelet hematocrit (percentage)

The value of the classification of monocytes and leukocytes is helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.

Relative percentage of lymphocytes (LRR%)

Relative percentage of granulocytes (RPR%)

Relative percentage of monocytes (MPR%)

Physical examination items urine routine

The normal value of urine specific gravity (SG) in adult urine is1.010 ~1.030. Low specific gravity urine: seen in diabetes insipidus, polycystic kidney disease or those who use diuretics and drink too much water. High specific gravity urine: seen in diabetes, congestive heart failure, dehydration, vomiting.

Urine PH When fresh urine is normal, it is weakly acidic, with an acidity of about 5 to 8. If the pH value is greater than 8, the urine is alkaline, and there may be urinary tract infection, inflammation or poor renal function. If the pH value is less than 5, the urine is acidic and may be in a state of starvation or ketoacidosis.

LEU test paper is used to detect whether there are white blood cells in urine. If the white blood cells in the urine increase, it means that there is inflammation in the urinary tract, which can be explained by urine protein and nitrite. However, women often test positive for vaginal secretion pollution, so the perineum should be cleaned before collecting urine.

Nitrite (NIT) determines whether there is bacterial infection in the urinary system; If there is nitrite reaction, further microscopic examination is needed to know what kind of bacterial infection it is.

Urinary protein (PRO) is normal, there are trace proteins in urine (150mg/ day), and the test paper is negative (-). If it is positive (+), it may be: physiological proteinuria: excessive muscle exercise, too long cold bath time, and too much protein intake. Postural proteinuria: Some people have proteinuria after standing for too long. Pathological proteinuria: renal inflammation, nephrotic syndrome, high fever, toxemia of pregnancy, etc.

Urine sugar (GLU) Under normal circumstances, no sugar in urine is negative (-), or a small amount of sugar appears. If urine sugar is positive (+), it is necessary to consider whether it is diabetes, and continuous follow-up examination must be carried out.

Urinary ketone bodies (KET) are formed due to incomplete fat metabolism. No KET in normal urine is negative (-). If KET is positive (+) in urine, it is more common in patients with diabetes, hunger, fever, long-term diarrhea and vomiting. Dieters who restrict starchy foods will also have ketone bodies in their urine.

Uridine (UBG) If the level of uridine in urine is too high, it may indicate hemolytic jaundice, acute hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and other diseases. If there is no urine urobilinogen in urine, it may indicate biliary obstruction.

Bilirubin (U-BIL) is negative (-) because there is no bilirubin in normal urine. When there is bilirubin in the urine, it is positive (+), indicating that there may be biliary obstruction or liver disease.

Urine red blood cells (ERY) determine whether there is blood in urine. No blood in urine is negative (-); If there is blood in the urine, it is positive (+), which may be urinary calculi, renal inflammation or urinary system cancer. However, if the urine sample is placed for a long time, women in physiological period, etc. , which may cause false positives; If you eat a lot of vitamin C, it will cause false negatives.

Physical examination items liver function

The value of serum transaminase (ALT) sGPT represents the degree of liver cell injury. The value of patients with acute hepatitis may be as high as 500 ~ 1000 iu/L, in addition, chronic hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer and so on. It can also cause high values.

Aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) is an enzyme in the body, which exists in organs or cells such as liver, heart, brain and blood cells. High sGOT means that there may be lesions in these areas.

Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an enzyme existing in liver, pancreas, spleen and kidney, which is most commonly used to screen abnormal liver function and cirrhosis, especially alcoholic liver disease and drug-induced liver disease.

Total protein (TPO) is used to check nutritional status, liver function, renal function and infection.

Albumin (ALB) Albumin is used to maintain the osmotic pressure of plasma, which is made in the liver. Therefore, when diseases, diarrhea and malnutrition occur in the liver, albumin will be significantly reduced.

Globulin (GLO) may increase or decrease during infection, liver disease, nephropathy, autoimmune diseases and cancer, which should be explained by doctors in combination with other test results.

Albumin/globulin (A/G)

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme in the body. When cells are damaged, the ALP value increases. Although the ALP value can be as high as 2 ~ 3 times, it is still normal for developing children or adolescents. When the value is high, it may be hepatobiliary problems, bone cancer or bone metastasis.

A high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) value indicates that you may have myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, liver injury, muscular dystrophy, leukemia, anemia or cancer, which usually needs to be judged in combination with other examination items. The limit of normal value is 10%, so it is necessary to judge what disease it is if it exceeds 50 units.

When total bilirubin (TBS) is high, there may be hepatobiliary problems or hemolytic diseases. If the skin turns yellow, it is called jaundice.

When direct bilirubin is high, there may be hepatobiliary problems.

Physical examination items: 4 blood lipids.

Total cholesterol is the most representative fat in the body. When the serum cholesterol content is too high, it is easy to cause hypertension, arteriosclerosis and stroke; If the content is too low, anemia, liver disorder and malnutrition may occur.

Triglycerides Triglycerides are mostly derived from fermented grains and carbohydrates (rice, bread and other cereals). When the neutral fat value is high, it is easy to suffer from diabetes, arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction and obesity.

HDL- cholesterol, commonly known as "good" cholesterol, has a protective effect on blood vessels. Blood content should not be lower than 40mg/dl (0.9 1mmol/L), otherwise it is easy to get arteriosclerosis.

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL- cholesterol) This is "bad" cholesterol, and the higher it is, the worse it is. It is an important index for prevent coronary heart disease and treating hyperlipidemia.

Physical examination item renal function

The final product of renal filtration metabolism, BUN, cannot be excreted normally when renal function is damaged, and the value of serum BUN increases at this time. However, this value is easily influenced by drug dosage and must be diagnosed together with other test values.

Creatinine Cr Creatinine is the main energy source of muscle movement and the substance of creatine decomposition. As long as the renal function is normal, creatinine will be excreted through urine. The excretion function of kidney can be understood by measuring creatinine.

The metabolites of purine in uric acid are the most in animal viscera. Excessive drinking, diabetes, gout, nephritis, lead poisoning, hyperthyroidism and other uric acid will be high.

Blood sugar of physical examination items

Fasting blood glucose refers to the glucose content in blood when fasting. It is the most basic method for screening diabetes. When the fasting blood glucose is found to be greater than110 mg/dl (6.1mmol/l) during physical examination, it is suggested that the fasting blood glucose should be measured again another day to make a definite diagnosis.

Hp

Helicobacter pylori antibody (Helicobacter pylori Ab) Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that grows in the gastric mucosa. The medical community has confirmed that this bacterium is closely related to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, partial gastric cancer and partial gastric lymphoma.

The general physical examination is to check the "Helicobacter pylori antibody", so it is more convenient to draw blood. If the antibody is positive, it has three meanings:

1. This bacterium is infected in the body and causes diseases.

This kind of bacteria is infected in the body, but it will not cause disease.

Bacteria have been eliminated, but antibodies have not disappeared.

Therefore, antibody-positive patients should go to the hospital for further examination, and the gastroenterologist should decide whether to take eradication treatment (using antibiotics).

The more popular reagents for physical examination in the market are all gold-labeled rapid detection reagents. The results can be obtained in a few minutes, which greatly reduces the trouble of the medical examiner and speeds up the efficiency of the medical examination hospital.

Physical examination item calcium (Ca)

Calcium (Ca) is mainly seen in malignant tumor, hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D poisoning, while it is mainly seen in osteomalacia, rickets, vitamin D deficiency and hypothyroidism. It should be read together with phosphorus (P).

Phosphorus (P) Phosphorus (P) Blood phosphorus should be read together with calcium. Calcium is elevated, and if phosphorus is also elevated, it is necessary to consider the possibility of malignant tumors; If phosphorus drops, it may be hyperparathyroidism or excessive vitamin D. When calcium decreases, if phosphorus also decreases, it may be osteomalacia, rickets or vitamin D deficiency; If phosphorus increases, it may be hypoparathyroidism or chronic renal insufficiency.

Physical examination items iron (iron/silicon)

Iron (Fe/SI) The determination of serum iron is mainly to screen whether there is iron deficiency in the body. If the serum iron is low, but hemoglobin is still in the normal range, it indicates that there is initial iron deficiency; If serum iron and heme are low at the same time, it means that iron deficiency anemia has occurred. High serum iron can be seen in pernicious anemia, thalassemia and hemolytic anemia. Excessive iron intake will increase serum iron.

Physical examination item thyroid gland

Triiodothyronine (T3) increases in hyperthyroidism and reduces tissue inflammation in hypothyroidism. Screening Thyroxine (T4) is a thyroid hormone. By analyzing its blood content, we can know the thyroid function, and it is best to read it together with TSH. T4 is increased due to hyperthyroidism, while T4 is decreased due to hypothyroidism.

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is a hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the brain, which can stimulate the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine. TSH examination can screen thyroid function, and it must usually be explained together with thyroxine (T4). Generally speaking, TSH is decreased in hyperthyroidism; When this function is low, TSH rises.

Five items of hepatitis B in physical examination

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) can know whether you are infected with hepatitis B virus, whether you produce antibodies to hepatitis B virus, whether you should be vaccinated, and the effect after vaccination.

Hepatitis B surface antibody

Hepatitis B E antigen

Hepatitis b e antibody

Hepatitis B core antibody

Physical examination project tumor

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) CEA is a tumor marker. Usually, in the case of tumors such as large intestine, rectal cancer and pancreas, the value of this examination is the highest, and the value of other cancers may be higher, but the proportion is smaller. The test results should be combined with clinical symptoms and other references.

alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-a Lpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-alpha-if the value is high, it may be liver cancer or chronic hepatitis. But in proliferative diseases such as gastric cancer, teratoma, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, pregnancy or acute hepatitis, the value will be higher, so we must judge according to the clinical symptoms.

Prostate Tumor Marker (PSA) PSA is a "prostate specific antigen" and a tumor marker, which can be used to screen prostate cancer. Suitable for men over 50 years old.

Breast tumor marker (CA 15-3) CA 15-3 is an auxiliary examination of breast cancer. If CA 15-3 is normal, breast self-examination must not be ignored. The most important thing to prevent and treat breast cancer is self-examination. If you are in doubt, you should see a doctor immediately for further mammography. Because the highest positive rate of CA 15-3 is only about 50%, it should be carefully interpreted by professionals when it is used for screening, not by itself.

Pancreatic tumor marker (CA 19-9)CA 19-9 is a glycoprotein contained in cancer cells, which is mainly related to digestive tract cancer, and the positive rate of pancreatic cancer and gallbladder cancer is higher. The positive rates of various cancers (CA 19-9) are as follows: pancreatic cancer 84%, gallbladder cholangiocarcinoma 69%, colorectal cancer 39% and ovarian cancer 35%. In some benign diseases, CA 19-9 may increase: chronic pancreatitis 14%, cholelithiasis 1 1%, liver cirrhosis 17%, diabetes 10%, and renal insufficiency 9%.

Ovarian tumor marker (CA 125) CA 125 is a glycoprotein contained in cancer cells, which has a high positive rate (97. 1%) in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, so it is generally considered as a marker of ovarian cancer. In addition, CA 125 also has a high value in endometriosis, with a positive rate of 78.8%. The positive rates of CA 125 in various tumors are as follows: cervical cancer 20.9%, pancreatic cancer 48.6%, cholangiocarcinoma 38. 1%, liver cancer 42.9%, endometrial cancer 37.5%, gastric cancer 23.5%, colorectal cancer 10.6% and lung cancer 6.6.

Tumor specific growth factor > 7 1U/L was positive. Those who are positive in the initial examination should be rechecked once every five weeks for three consecutive times. If the concentration increases gradually, the probability of developing malignant tumor should be considered very high. TSGF can be used for general survey, auxiliary diagnosis and curative effect observation of various malignant tumors, as well as differential diagnosis and disease monitoring of benign and malignant tumors.

Magnetic resonance * * * Vibration magnetic resonance imaging system used in medical diagnosis equipment mainly includes magnet, gradient system, radio frequency system (including MRI spectrometer), computer system and patient system. Magnets add an external magnetic field to the nucleus, so that the nucleus in human tissue produces corresponding vibration frequency; The RF system provides RF pulses with the same precession frequency, causing nuclear magnetic resonance. Gradient system, computer system, etc. Then the imaging and processing are completed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can observe the image of the concentration or state of the nucleus with any cross section in the human body. Through the accumulated knowledge and experience, we can interpret the structure and physiological state of the imaging tissue and know whether the tissue is normal or not. Are there any lesions?