Common sense of landscape painting composition

1. What are the composition types of landscape sketches?

The main points of landscape painting composition are: through the painter's observation and taste, to understand or imagine their own natural images, and to mobilize various painting methods to arrange and combine the natural images on the screen in an orderly manner according to certain visual laws. This form allows readers to feel the author's thoughts and intentions smoothly through the screen.

The composition itself is hard to say whether it is good or bad. The key is to see whether this form of composition accurately and vividly expresses the painter's intention to know natural objects, and whether it can be recognized and accepted by the viewer. So composition is a skill just like other painting methods. In a sense, composition is a bridge and intermediary between painters and appreciators.

When you come into contact with colorful natural scenery, especially when you see many images worthy of expression, you should choose a point of view and a way to express only the simplest ideas in composition, and you can mobilize all means to express and enrich your intentions. This is the general feature and law of landscape sketch.

Generalization and selection are commonly used methods in composition and drafting. Generalization is to simplify complex scenery and generalize all-inclusive scenery into several levels.

The choice is to keep the most interesting main scene and the auxiliary scene that can serve as a foil, while the content or image irrelevant to the overall situation is weakened or abandoned as much as possible. Pay attention to the balance of the picture when composing and drawing.

Balance means that the vision, content, weight and image arrangement in the picture should be balanced and coordinated, and the picture should not be uneven and dull.

2. Photography knowledge: How to compose a landscape photo (photo)

Composition is the first step in photography. Although the law of photographic composition is not dead, understanding composition can avoid some primary mistakes. When looking at a good work, you can also understand why the photographer wants to shoot like this, which is also very helpful for your own promotion. This paper introduces the composition of photographic works. Although this paper focuses on the composition of landscape photography, landscape composition is the most complicated one, so after mastering these rules, many of them can be applied to other types of photography.

Charming scenery

1) charming scenery

The first step in composition is to find an attractive landscape. Photography is not simply picking up the camera and pressing the shutter. Before you press the shutter, you should ask yourself, what attracted you to this scene? Is it a color? Cloud? Reflection? Or sunset? . . . After determining the theme, the next step is how to express it. Usually, the subject should be large enough to attract attention. If the subject is too small, it can't be a subject. At this time, it is necessary to use a longer focal length or post-cutting to deal with it. Avoid centering 2) Avoid centering.

The most common mistake that beginners make is to put the most attractive scenery in the middle. Indeed, the scenery in the middle is the easiest to attract people's attention, but a good photo should attract readers' attention and guide them to other places. If an attractive object is placed in the middle, it is easy to focus only on that object and make the picture dull. At the same time, try not to put the horizontal line in the middle of the picture, because it will easily lead to unclear priorities and not knowing whether to express the sky or the ground. But sometimes when the sky and the ground are equally important, I also put the horizontal line in the middle.

3. How to compose scenery photography?

The composition of landscape photography is simply that the photographer chooses the shooting range facing nature with the camera lens.

It should deal with the relationship between three-dimensional space, height, width and depth in the picture to highlight the theme and enhance the artistic appeal. Because landscape photography is influenced by many factors such as time, weather, light, shape, distribution and color of objects, it is not an easy task to properly handle the position, light tone and color of a photo.

(1) Scene Don't shoot the same scene and scenery with the same focal length lens. Because of the different shooting distances, the shooting range is completely different, which constitutes different scenes. People generally divide it into five types: distant view, panoramic view, middle view, close view and close view.

Foresight: it covers a wide range of scenery, can reflect the vastness and profundity of scenery, and is conducive to showing grand scale and majestic momentum. Panorama: The shooting range of panorama is smaller than the foreground, which is conducive to showing the whole picture of the shooting scene and reflecting the characteristics of its environment.

Relatively speaking, panorama can strengthen the performance of the subject more than vision. Mid shot: Mid shot is smaller than the long shot and panoramic shot, and much smaller than the long shot. The panorama is vast and far-reaching, but the scene image on the screen is larger and the subject is clearer, which not only highlights the subject, but also pays attention to the environment and atmosphere to a certain extent.

Close shot: The close shot range is small, but the imaging is large, which can show the details of the scene. Less response to the surrounding environment.

Close-up: Close-up is a part of an object, which is conducive to depicting nuances and is more delicate than close-up. Close-ups can't reflect the environment in which the object is located.

Distant, comprehensive, middle, near and special landscapes have different effects on the performance of natural scenery. We should be flexible according to different situations.

In general landscape photography, the first three landscapes are the most common. It is conducive to displaying vast grasslands, oceans, deserts and plateaus. It can represent mountains, rivers and lakes, and reproduce places of interest, bamboo buildings and felt houses.

Close-ups and close-ups are not absolutely impossible to use in landscape photography. Under certain conditions and circumstances, adopting the practice of "seeing the big from the small" can play the role of "taking one as ten", and can also shoot good scenery films and produce unexpected effects.

(2) The shooting angle has a great influence on the composition of the pattern, and the change of shooting angle can make the picture effect completely different. The shooting angle contains two meanings, one is the change of horizontal angle and the other is the change of vertical angle.

The horizontal direction can be divided into front, side and back, and the vertical direction can be divided into flat shot, overhead shot and reverse shot. Heads.

The front is shooting from the front of the object, reflecting the object from the front, which is conducive to expressing the symmetrical beauty of the object and can produce a solemn, dignified and quiet feeling. However, the complete positive direction will make the picture lack perspective and feel that the picture is too dull.

Side. Side faces can be divided into positive and oblique sides.

On the front side, the camera and the main body are at 90 degrees. It can show the outline lines of the front of the object, but the picture lacks three-dimensional sense and space sense.

The hypotenuse is the most used angle in photography, which can make the picture have a strong perspective effect. It is helpful to express the three-dimensional sense and space sense of objects.

The inclined sides may have different inclinations. Therefore, it is necessary to compare and choose the best angle when shooting, so as to fully show the scenery.

Come back. The back is taken from the back of the subject.

In landscape photography, we often say that it is better to shoot the light from behind after crossing the mountain, and it is easy to shoot the sand dunes from the opposite side. Many natural scenes are not clear before and after, and we really need to find the best shooting angle around them.

Flat shot. Flat shooting means that the camera and the subject are on the same horizontal line.

The visual height of flat shot is consistent with people's usual sight. People feel familiar, close and have an immersive visual experience.

Flat shooting can make the subject block out some unnecessary scenery in the distance, thus highlighting the subject more. Flat shooting can reduce the perspective deformation of the scene and make the scene appear real, natural and friendly in the picture.

Shoot up. Shooting up means that the position of the camera is lower than the horizontal height of the subject, and the camera lens is lifted up to shoot.

Shooting up can exaggerate and emphasize the height of the object, making it look tall and have a rising visual effect. Shooting up will overlay the shot scene with the sky, making the blue sky and clouds as the background, thus giving the picture a bold feeling.

Take a bow. Aerial photography means that the position of the camera is higher than the horizontal height of the subject.

The camera lens shoots from top to bottom, also called bird's eye view. Overhead shooting can make the foreground, middle scene and background in nature take in everything in a glance, and fully display it on the same picture.

It helps to create a rich sense of hierarchy and deep sense of space on the screen, and also helps to show the beauty of lines in various ways of the earth. For example, shooting undulating deserts, winding rivers, terraces and so on.

Different shooting angles have different expressive force. According to different shooting themes, different landscapes and their characteristics, we should choose the best shooting angle, maximize the perfection of the picture and enhance the artistic appeal. (3) Lines and lines play a great role in composition, especially in landscape photography.

Lines not only make the structure of the picture vivid, diverse and beautiful, but also play an important role in creating a sense of depth, highlighting the theme, highlighting the main body and expressing forms of the picture. It is also one of the important factors that affect the perspective effect.

Lines in photography are often not as direct and obvious as paintings, and many people ignore their existence. In other photographic works, lines often appear in different forms, such as color blocks and ribbons, and even exist in the picture as hidden lines to play their roles.

Lines can connect scattered and isolated scenes in the picture, making it more complete. Lines can also make a dull and dignified picture lively.

The extension of horizontal lines can make the picture look broad, while vertical lines make people feel towering. Curves can increase the softness of the picture.

Convergent lines can add a deep feeling to the picture, and can also guide people to divert their attention and highlight the main body. The arrangement of lines can produce a sense of rhythm, and the intersection of lines can produce a sense of hierarchy.

The lines on the screen are thick, thin, curved, straight, thick, light, virtual and real.

4. Oil painting landscape composition techniques

First, the mode of opinion composition

1, head-up type

The viewpoint is generally between the desktop and the top of the still life. It usually gives people a natural, simple and close feeling. Classical oil paintings often use this form, putting rich and varied still life shapes on the same horizontal line, seeking unity and rhyme beauty in change.

2. Overlooking type

The viewpoint is usually under a still life or a table. The lower the viewpoint, the more obvious the sense of insignificance on the object, giving people a precious, towering and sacred feeling. Generally used for praise and promotion. Caravaggio's Fruit Basket is this type of work.

3. Overlooking type

The viewpoint is usually on the picture or still life. As the viewpoint moves up, the scope of observing and expressing the still life table is wider, from two-dimensional space to three-dimensional space, which reduces the overlap, concealment and hierarchical relationship of still life. Like panorama and close-up, it reveals fullness, unobstructed view and a sense of coming.

Second, the triangle composition mode

An upright triangle is the most stable. The composition of equilateral triangle is generally that the main object is placed in the center and the still life is evenly placed on the left and right sides, forming a symmetrical and stable pyramid. In the composition of isosceles triangle, the golden ratio relationship is generally used to divide the space of the picture in order to achieve a stable and changeable visual effect.

Third, the cycle composition mode.

The visual feature of a circle is that the center of the circle is prominent, and the vision naturally moves to the center of the circle, which has a sense of gathering and closing. Because the tension of the circle is balanced, and the visual attraction of every point on the circle is balanced flow, it feels full and complete. Generally, it is a symbol of life, movement, order, eternity, ideal, unity, richness, perfection, happiness, unity, harmony and romance.

Fourth, the square composition mode

Its visual characteristics are rationality, regularity and order. Square table, square still life modeling, still life combination or the combination of still life and space environment can all produce square composition.

Square composition can be divided into three types. Vertical rectangular composition has the spirit of integrity, solemnity, loftiness and elegance. The horizontal rectangular composition gives people the feeling of being broad, stretched, generous and peaceful. Third, the square composition gives people a sense of balance, integrity, unity, eternity and simplicity.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) s-shaped composition mode

1, find the twists and turns of the picture structure, and form the internal relationship of opening and closing, echo, rhythm and rhythm.

2. Stretch in an S shape in the depth level of the picture structure. For example, the trend of using still life or interlining, from near to far, will intermittently induce your sight to experience interest and charm.

5. How to draw a good landscape sketch?

Some Understanding of Landscape Sketch After mastering the composition, color, footwork and performance skills in gouache still life sketch, we can say that we are ready for outdoor landscape sketch.

The purpose and task of outdoor sketching and indoor sketching are not exactly the same, and the conditions for sketching are also different. Indoor still life sketching, the object is relatively simple and static, you can arrange sketching topics according to different degrees and requirements, and you can also observe and study calmly in stable light and environment.

The objects and conditions of outdoor landscape sketch are much more complicated. Choosing your own scenery is the first question. Can you choose the scenery with painting performance value in the vast nature? In landscape teaching, at the beginning, teachers often choose a relatively simple landscape that can be painted. Within the specified range, students can determine the angle, horizon position and the size of the framing space, which can reduce the burden of the first landscape sketch and facilitate teachers' guidance.

Then you can gradually turn to your own independent scene selection and painting stage. The difficulties often encountered in landscape sketch are: how to choose the scenery and determine the composition.

Rich images, diverse textures, changeable climate, light and complicated colors in nature, and how to deal with the vast and far-reaching spatial relationship are all new topics in gouache basic training and new requirements for landscape painting practice. With the progress of landscape sketching, we might as well choose a relatively simple and flat scenery for sketching practice at the beginning.

The scenery is simple, which is convenient to concentrate on studying the color law of external light and shaping strange images. Plain scenery is convenient for painters to understand the relationship between heaven and earth and between color and space, that is, the change of hue, temperature and powder content of the same color at different distances and spaces.

Therefore, it is not appropriate to choose complex scenery to sketch from the beginning. In the selected sketch framing, some scenes that are irrelevant to the theme or hinder the perfect composition must be removed.

Therefore, it is often necessary to adopt artistic processing methods such as moving, adding or changing the image of natural objects in order to obtain a perfect and vivid composition and fully and intensively express the theme. In fact, the scenery in the framing is slightly changed, not created by imagination.

Sketching is still based on objective natural scenery, but it is not advisable to describe everything you see truthfully. Landscape painting can be divided into creation and practice.

The creation of landscape painting is to express people's thoughts and feelings by expressing nature. A good landscape painting creation is not limited to simply imitating the object, but based on the objective nature, creatively sublimates the beauty of natural form into the beauty of artistic form through the artist's unique feelings, and reflects the author's ideals, wishes and feelings.

There should be profound poetry and unique mood. The assignment of landscape painting is to sketch step by step according to the teaching requirements and purposes. Basically, we should choose the composition according to the object to express the natural image and color, so as to master the methods and performance skills of landscape painting.

Second, the purpose and task of landscape painting Landscape painting should have a clear purpose and requirements. Through sketching, we can fully contact with various problems in landscape painting, such as theme, scenery selection, composition, color, technique, artistic conception and so on.

Its basic tasks can be summarized as follows: (1) to cultivate the observation and perception of the beauty of natural scenery and improve the ability of material selection, framing and composition. (2) Understand the color law of external light and master the performance law of landscape color.

(3) Understand various factors that form a sense of distance and space: perspective, contrast between light and dark levels, contrast between cold and warm colors and purity, contrast between complex and simple shapes, and so on; Master the methods and skills of expressing space. (4) Understand the colorful tone and color relationship of natural scenery due to different conditions such as environment, season, climate and time, and master the rules and skills of its performance.

(5) Exercise the ability to shape the shapes and textures of various scenes with colors and strokes. (6) Understand some special techniques of gouache landscape painting.

(7) Feel and express the artistic conception and mood of the scenery. The choice of scenery in landscape sketching is naturally a complex world. It is not easy for you to choose a beautiful scenery to paint, especially for beginners.

Therefore, we should observe and know more about nature on weekdays, improve our ability to appreciate natural beauty, enhance all kinds of aesthetic knowledge and accomplishment, appreciate more landscape paintings, and add practical experience in sketching to be handy. At first, we should start with simple scenery and gradually improve the ability and level of scene selection in practice.

Scenery sketch has a wide range of subjects. Such as urban architecture, famous mountains and rivers, rural scenery, island fishing villages, river docks, ruins factories, mountains and hills, valley fields, garden beds, forest grasslands, street scenes and social life scenes of some characters.

There are custom scenes and scenic sketches with rich artistic conception. These scenes are closely related to people's lives, so landscape paintings depicting natural scenery are always loved by people.

The choice of scenery does not lie in how big the space is and how complicated the content is. In fact, some ordinary scenery, under the changes of season, climate, light and time, will show very touching poetry and painting. Every good scenery, such as mountains, rivers, islands, fishing villages, forests and the Loess Plateau, has different environmental characteristics and emotional appeal, which can give people different feelings such as exquisiteness, splendor, grandeur, silence, activity, elegance, simplicity, richness and beauty.

This feeling of nature is the motivation and basis for choosing scenery and materials. Some new things are always easy to attract people's attention and interest, and a very familiar environment is also easy for people to describe it, so many painters often like to sketch in some fresh places with unique scenery.

For example, Guilin, which enjoys the best landscape in the world, the beautiful Qingdao seashore, the beautiful Hangzhou Xizi Lake, the rivers, the black tiles and white walls, the quaint and elegant Jiangnan water town, the vast northwest grassland and the Hainan coconut grove with southern scenery, etc. However, there are also many painters who are committed to painting the scenery of a certain theme. They deeply experienced, observed and studied their favorite subjects, which was particularly profound and moving.

Therefore, there have been some paintings devoted to urban architecture, forests and oceans.