Professional ethics VS social ethics, how should photographers choose?

The difference between ethics and morality is different attributes.

1, ethics is the principle of self-rational control behavior in individual life and the insurmountable standard bottom line of individual animal sexual instinct. Like laziness,

In real life, laziness is neither moral nor legal, but it is not a behavior advocated by human reason, or it is just an inertia of animals. On the premise of not breaking the law or violating morality, it violates the active biological will of life, that is, it is not an act advocated by human reason, so it is not a basic virtue or virtue advocated or should have by human beings. Therefore, the laziness of a lazy person is a violation of the virtue of normal people or an anti-ethical behavior, that is to say,

Morality is an external rule that individuals should follow in real life, that is, morality is only a mutual agreement or a rule that equal individuals should abide by. It is between moral norms and social management regulations such as laws, regulations and professional norms. It is not only the advanced form of ethics and morality, but also the downline of social behavior norms, that is, when the agreement of society or group reaches the limit of legalization or professionalization, it will no longer be a moral category, thus violating the provisions of legalization or professionalization. It should be punished accordingly, but there is no socialized court for morality, and the moral court still exists, just as Kant said, it exists in everyone's heart. For example, in real life, people are often able to do their duty to raise their children or offspring like animals, but a certain proportion of people are unwilling to pay tribute to their elderly and frail parents, which is consistent with ordinary animals to some extent. In fact, as a person, such behavior is not necessarily illegal (legal sanctions) or immoral, but it is a serious violation of ethics-the difference between people and animals. People who can't do this basic ethics, perhaps no one can expect him to have noble morality or complete personality, so his individual in social life is incomplete or his virtue can't be guaranteed.

2. Ethics emphasizes the order and rules between biological individuals in family or social life. In addition to China's traditional ethics of father and son being close, husband and wife being different, young and old being orderly, and friends being faithful, its internal connotation includes the dignity and responsibility of the father, the role and obligation of the son, etc. In social life, many times individuals do not get along or meet in law, occupation and interest. Therefore, there is no social relationship between individuals at this time, which is purely biological. For example, helping the old and taking care of the young, the behavior of being helped when an individual suddenly encounters unpredictable things and needs help, and so on. Especially the pure natural behavior choice when the individual is in an unequal state, and your rescue for a stray cat or dog, injured bird, etc. This is the connotation of humanitarianism and the basic appearance of ethics. In the existing civilization of mankind, the only ethical organization is the International Red Cross, which has no political color, no national concept, no interest intention, and no difference between people or individuals. Its essence is only one: to help all human beings in need ethically! Of course, other things that some countries or some people do in the name of the International Red Cross are not the purpose of the establishment of the International Red Cross.

Morality is based on the principle of individual independence, emphasizing the equality and rules of individual self and realizing mutual or relative fairness and justice. Therefore, the subject of morality is the individual self, and there is no concept of collective morality, that is, moral practice itself can only be a scalar individual virtue, which cannot be owned or possessed on behalf of others.

3. Ethical obligation and practice are two-way, that is, any behavior implemented under the ethical premise itself, giving and receiving, and the contribution of one party, and the other party also needs to accept such contributions, such as love, care, charity, etc. The obligation and implementation of morality is one-way, that is, it can only be done or not, so morality only gives and does not accept; For example, you can't throw rubbish casually, you can't throw things in high-empty rooms, or you can't make loud noises in public places. They do not belong to the category of ethics, because each individual should clearly know the possible consequences of these behaviors in his mind, so individual self-restraint is the premise of morality. However, if these behaviors are restricted by laws and regulations in life, they will no longer be moral categories, that is, they will rise to the legal norms of social management or group management. Therefore, moral obligation is as simple as obeying the law.

4. Ethics is objective, that is, it often has relatively fixed rules or constraints on the implementation of the behavior of the parties, and there are factual judgments that must or cannot be affirmed or denied; However, morality often has obvious subjectivity, that is, the criteria for judging and implementing moral behavior change with individual changes, because everyone has different factors that determine moral judgment, such as his own value, emotion and rationality. Therefore, as Kant said in his third proposition, moral legislation is self-centered, so it is not social, so it is impossible to ask others to implement your own moral standards like you, or that moral implementation itself is heteronomy, that is, the establishment of morality. The implementation of morality itself is self-discipline, that is, morality is a self-righteous factual judgment based on self-will.