Commonly used measuring instruments

There are many commonly used measuring instruments. First, the theodolite is introduced. According to the reading device, it is divided into vernier theodolite, optical theodolite and electronic theodolite. Theodolite is widely used in control, terrain and construction stakeout measurements. The Chinese theodolite series includes six models: DJ07, DJ1, DJ2, DJ6, DJ15 and DJ60. When special accessories are attached to the theodolite, it can be composed of a laser theodolite, a slope theodolite, etc. In addition, there are special gyro theodolite, mining theodolite, photographic theodolite

Levels are widely used in measurement work such as control, terrain and construction stakeout. The series of Chinese level standards include: DS05, DS1, DS3, DS10, DS20 and other models ("DS" means "geodetic level", "05, 1, 3,..." respectively represent such instruments in millimeters. Accidental errors in the median height difference per kilometer of level measurement). When special accessories are attached to the level, a laser level can be formed.

Platform instrument is the main instrument for manual ground surveying and mapping of large-scale topographic maps. It consists of collimator, plate and bracket. Attaching an electromagnetic wave distance measuring device to the collimation instrument can make the operation more convenient and faster.

Electromagnetic wave distance meter is an instrument that uses electromagnetic waves to carry ranging signals to measure the distance between two points.

Those with a measuring range of 5 to 20 kilometers are called medium-range rangefinders, and those with a measuring range of less than 5 kilometers are called short-range rangefinders. The accuracy is generally 5mm+5ppm, and it has the characteristics of small size, light weight and high accuracy. Since the 1960s, rangefinders have developed rapidly.

In recent years, the accuracy of the two-color precision photoelectric range finders produced has reached 0.1mm+0.1ppm. Electromagnetic wave rangefinders have been widely used in control, terrain and construction stakeout measurements, doubling the field work efficiency and distance measurement accuracy.

The electronic speed measuring instrument is composed of an electronic theodolite, an electromagnetic wave range finder, a microcomputer, a program module, a memory and an automatic recording device. Measuring instruments.

There are two types: integral type and combined type. The integrated electronic speed tester is an integral combination of various functional components. It can automatically display slope distance and angle, automatically calculate and display horizontal distance, height difference and coordinate increment, and has a high degree of automation. Combined electronic speed measuring instrument, that is, electronic theodolite, electromagnetic wave distance meter, computer and drawing equipment and other separate components, can be combined as needed, which has both high automation characteristics and greater flexibility.