Works reflecting the patriotic war of the Soviet Union

Tragic Heroic Poems —— Soviet art works with the theme of the Great Patriotic War

Name: Postwar Rest

Author: Neprintsev

The Soviet Union's four-year anti-fascist war (1941.6.22-1945.5.9) was cruel and tragic. Many cities and villages were bombed into ruins, and nearly 20 million people gave their precious lives. In this just war, the patriotic enthusiasm and fearless sacrifice spirit of the Soviet people, which "moved the world and shocked ghosts and gods", will be recorded in human history forever.

As soon as the war broke out, the artists took action at once. They went to the battlefield or took up arms to fight the enemy. Or use your own works to do propaganda and agitation at the front. After the German fascist army went deep into the hinterland of the Soviet Union, the whole people mobilized to fight, and there was almost no difference between the front and the back. In the hard years of the war, Soviet artists overcame all kinds of unimaginable difficulties, persisted in artistic creation, exposed the cruelty, malice and weakness of the enemy in time with their works, publicized the justice of the anti-fascist war and inspired the people's fighting spirit. Thousands of posters became the fastest and sharpest weapons at that time. They are posted on the streets and vehicles in cities and rural towns, as well as in trenches and tunnels at the front. Because of its distinctive theme, concise language and strong sense of form, it has a strong appeal among the masses. Many works have become classics in 20th century posters. For example, at the beginning of the war, Toidze's Motherland-Mother is Calling (194 1), Cook Renick's competition (the pen name of three artists' long-term cooperation), Ruthlessly Smash and Destroy the Enemy (194 1), and Motherland-. In "Red Army Soldiers Save Us", helpless children and mothers shouted for help to the Red Army soldiers, and the image was touching; "Crushing and Destroying the Enemy Ruthlessly" was created on June 23rd, 194 1 year, the day after the war broke out. This is a picture that strengthened people's confidence in winning. After winning the battle of Stalingrad, the turning point of the Soviet anti-fascist war, Cook Renick created a cartoon poster "I lost a gold ring" (1943). In the picture, Hitler is represented as a frustrated folk witch, and the background is the map of the Soviet Union and the strategic town of Stalingrad outlined with red lines, which looks like a "golden ring". I Lost a Gold Ring is a well-known Russian folk song. The author sharply satirizes Hitler's helplessness and sadness in a humorous way with a well-known lyric.

There are also many excellent oil paintings created during the war. At that time, the young artist а Jieinka created a series of large-scale oil paintings reflecting the Great Patriotic War with abundant energy and high enthusiasm, including "Moscow Suburb 194 1 Year1Month" (194 1) and. The significance of the battle to defend Moscow is well known, and the work reflecting this battle is also the gouache painting Defending Moscow by the famous painter Nisski (1942). On the picture of Jainka, it shows Moscow19411in June. The fortifications and vehicles in the snow show that Moscow is invulnerable. Sevastopol is a seaport city of Crimea in southern Ukraine, a naval base and military fortress of the Soviet Union. 1942 From June to July, the German army besieged Sevastopol for a month, and the city was almost in ruins. Jienka's Battle of Sevastopol shows the fierce battle scene of the Soviet Union's counterattack against the Germans. The characters are realistic and exaggerated, the picture is grand and magnificent, and the artistic image is extremely expressive.

Even the works created by Soviet artists in the war years pay great attention to reflecting the fighting life at that time and shaping various characters. The famous oil painting Mother of Guerrillas (1943) was created by the famous painter с gerasimov. In the smoke, the heroic mother, faced with the brutal raids by guerrillas, showed the fearless spirit of preferring death to surrender, and her image was heavy and dignified, like a monument. гггггггггггггггггггггггггг. The title of this painting is after the fascist plane flies (1942). A well-known old painter к Ewan's ingenious oil painting "1941kloc-0/65438+1Review of Moscow's Red Square on October 7th" (1942) depicts the siege of Moscow and fascist enemy Enemy at the Gates. As usual, a grand commemoration of the October Revolution was held on Red Square. Another famous old painter Colin used the well-known national hero image to symbolize the justice of the Great Patriotic War. His triptych "alexander nevsky" (194 1- 1943) depicts the image of an archduke who defeated foreign invasion in Russian history, in order to express people's reverence for contemporary heroes and their belief in winning.

Soviet sculptors reacted equally quickly to the war. They actively participated in the creation of anti-war works. There are also many sculptures that have survived to this day and have been recorded in the art history, including Mugina's Women Guerrillas (1942), Manizer's Zoya (1942) and Lishev's Handling the Wounded Soldiers (1942).

The anti-fascist war educated and tempered the Soviet people, their selfless dedication and the victory of the war greatly inspired and inspired their patriotic enthusiasm. People's hard performance in this war has become a valuable spiritual wealth of the whole nation. The Great Patriotic War has become an eternal theme in Soviet Russian art, especially in the 1950s and 1960s after the war, a large number of works representing the Great Patriotic War emerged in Soviet art.. The vast majority of artists who created these works were baptized by this war. Some of them personally participated in the front-line battles, and some even suffered serious injuries. The Soviet government also actively encourages artists' creation from both material and spiritual aspects. The Ministry of Culture of the Soviet Union, the All-Soviet Artists Association and local governments all organized artistic creations with the theme of the Great Patriotic War in a planned way, and national and local art galleries all listed the collection of these artworks as an important task. Therefore, the theme of the Great Patriotic War occupied a major position in Soviet artistic creation. These works of art have two basic characteristics:

First, it mainly describes and portrays heroes, describes the patriotism and sacrifice spirit of ordinary people, but at the same time, it does not avoid the disasters and sufferings suffered by the people, and describes them from the perspective of human nature. Everyone is familiar with the Soviet movie Flying South in Wild Goose and It's Quiet at Dawn here. In these films, we were deeply moved by the rich feelings and the complexity of human nature shown by ordinary Soviet soldiers and people. There are similar descriptions in works of art.

Second, carefully conceived and carefully created. Artists have gone through repeated brewing from material selection, sketch creation to finalization. Many works have stood the test of time and become masterpieces in the history of Soviet art.

1955, Neprintsev, a professor at Repin Academy of Fine Arts and a famous oil painter, created a multi-scene oil painting "Rest after the War". The conception of the work is inspired by the battlefield poem "Vasily Elkin" by the Soviet writer Twaldoski, which describes the scene of Soviet soldiers laughing when listening to a comrade-in-arms (following the example of Vasily Elkin) telling a story during the battle. Vasily Giorgin, a soldier in the long poem, was warmly welcomed by his comrades-in-arms because of his versatility and optimism. Long poems were widely circulated among the Soviet people, and Vasily Jorkin became a well-known hero. This painting by Neprintsev reproduces this magical hero with a visual image and scenes of his active comrades, and has made outstanding achievements in characterization and atmosphere contrast. This oil painting is deeply loved by the audience, its printed matter is widely distributed, and the original work is collected by Trechakov Gallery. Later, the Soviet government also commissioned the author to copy a variant painting of Rest after the War, which was presented to the China government as a national gift.

Artists and audiences of the older generation in China remember the letter from the front (1947) written by the oil painter а Laktyanov, which had a wide influence at that time, because this theme touched many people's hearts. During the war, people in the rear eagerly looked forward to letters from relatives in front every day, and every letter was also concerned by neighbors. People gathered together to read the letters from the front, silently wishing the front war to go smoothly and the soldiers to be safe and healthy. This is a common scene in the wartime rear. Ordinary villages, ordinary people, real scenes, simple images? Today, we reread this work and are filled with emotion.

в Kas Detsky's oil painting "Return" describes the victory of the Great Patriotic War in touching details. The soldier who just returned from the front warmly embraced his long-lost wife, his excited son hugged his father, and the soldier's old mother snuggled up behind the door, suppressing the feelings of sadness and joy.

A generation of young artists who grew up in the war became the backbone of Soviet fine arts and the representative of the new ideological trend in the 1960s. They reflect on the Great Patriotic War from a new angle, dig and explore the deeper significance of this theme, and seek the moral and symbolic significance of artistic language. Special mention should be made here of the works of Melnikov, Moiseyenko, Yablonskaya, Gallov, Gromike, Popkov and others younger than them. Melnikov's Farewell, Moiseyenko's Victory and Yablonskaya's Unknown Heights are all works that create a new trend in the history of Soviet art. These artists are not satisfied with the straightforward description of characters and plots, but pay more attention to the psychological description of characters and the symbolic significance of artistic language. At the same time, they also pay more attention to the formal beauty of painting.

At the end of 1960s, the ideological trend of "strict style" arose in Soviet painting. Writers and artists began to seriously think about history and reality, and emphasized the use of strict modeling in artistic style: they preferred straight lines, paid attention to color contrast, and emphasized the creation of atmosphere. Many works depicting the theme of the Great Patriotic War also adopted this style, among which the most representative works are Popkov's My Father's Military Coat and gromyko's Pripyat by the River. The former, through the military coat left by the young man's father, triggered philosophical thinking about the war trauma, and at the same time pinned deep memory on the heroic elders; The latter depicts the well-known battlefield between the Red Army and the fascist army in the past. By the quiet river, the mother is praying for her dead son, and the girl is calling for her dead relatives in the distance. This is a symbolic picture.

Building a sculpture monument for the victory of the Great Patriotic War, which always bears the great achievements of the Soviet army and people, has been a concern of governments at all levels in Russia since the war. In the past decades, dozens of sculpture monuments have been built in many places. Among them, the Monument to the Battle of Stalingrad (1967) and the Monument to the Defence of Leningrad (1975) have the largest scale and influence. They are all comprehensive art groups with sculpture as the main body. It took nearly 20 years for the monument to the Battle of Stalingrad to be put forward, conceived and completed. The creation team led by the famous sculptor Vuchetich completed it collectively. It was built on the Volga River, and the main sculpture of "Motherland-Mother" in Mamayev Highland is104m high. There are three interconnected squares and a "wall of ruins" on the highland, which is huge in scale. The Monument to the Defender of Leningrad is a collective creation under the leadership of the famous sculptor Anikushin. It was built in Victory Square on the outskirts of Leningrad. In the center of the square is a 40-meter-diameter circular building made of granite. The words "900 days" and "900 nights" are engraved in Arabic characters on the left and right sides of the entrance, symbolizing the majestic mountains and rivers of the heroic Leningrad people under the siege of the enemy.

The Great Patriotic War-an immortal great historical event, is also the eternal theme of artistic creation. Artists from the former Soviet Union and Russia draw courage, spirit and inspiration from it, and commemorate and praise it with their own creations, so as to arouse people's memory of history, oppose aggression and defend peace. Their artistic achievements deserve our admiration and study.