How many young scientists in the world have won two Nobel Prizes?

Marie Curie, the female winner of the Nobel Prize in Science: 1903, 19 1 1 won the Nobel Prize in physics and chemistry respectively. Ilan Aurio Curie: 1935 won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. Currie: 1947 won the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine. Meyer: 1963 won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Hodgkin: 1964 won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. Roya: 1977 won the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine. Mcclintock: 1983 won the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine. Levi Montalcini: 1986 won the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine. Lyon: 1988 won the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine. Nu slein Fulhard: 1995 won the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine. 190 1 year van't hoff (Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff,1852-1911), a Dutchman, studied Emile correlation between chemical kinetics and solution osmotic pressure/kloc-. 1852- 19 19) Germans study the synthesis of sugar and purine derivatives 1903 (Sir Willum Ramsey,1852-1919) 1852-161860-1907) German, found cell-free fermentation phenomenon 1908 E. Rutherford (ernest rutherford,1871. Wallach (Friedrich Wilhelm ostwald, 1853- 1932), a German, studied catalysis, chemical equilibrium, reaction rate 1932, studied the catalytic reaction of organic deoxidation 19 13 Werner (A. 1866- 19 19) Swiss, who studied the coordination of atoms in molecules and put forward the coordination theory1914 T.W. Richards Therdore William Richards, 1968-141864-1941) German, studied thermochemistry and put forward the third law of thermodynamics 192 1 Soddy (/kloc-0). The isotope 1922 Aston (Francis Willian Aston, 1877-65438) was studied. The composition of cholic acid 1928 (Adolf Windaus, 1876- 1959) was studied. 1865- 1940), England, to study sugar fermentation and its relationship with enzymes. Ajler (1865- 1940) is Swedish and studies coenzyme1930h.fischer (uails fischer,1881-kloc-0/945) is German. German who synthesized heme 193 1 year Bosch (karl Bosch,1874-19441994-1949), High-pressure method applied in research chemistry 1932 Langmuir (1881-kloc-0/957) American, 1934 American who studied surface chemistry and adsorption theory (harold clayton urey, 1893-19811884-1971) Dutch, studying dipole moment and X-ray diffraction 1937 Haworth (Sir Walter Haworth,/. 1889- 197 1) Swiss, studying carotenoids, riboflavin and vitamin B21938 R. Kuhn (1900- 1967) German, Study carotenoids and vitamins 1939 Adolf butenandt (1903 ——) Germans, study sex hormone Leopold Ruzika (65438 in Virtanen (1895- 1973) Finns who discovered heavy nuclear fission phenomenon in sumner (/. Northrop, USA (189 1-), and Stanley, protein, USA (1904- 197 1), which discovered crystalline protease, prepared performance enzymes and viruses. Protein 1947 (Sir Robert Robinson, 1886- 1975), UK, studying alkaloids and other plant products1948 (Arme Wilhelm Kauri in Tiselius, 1902- 197 1) Sweden, studied electrophoresis and adsorption analysis of he and serum protein 1949 (William American, 195 1 years ago, diene synthesis was discovered (Edwin Mattison McMillan,/kloc. Seeburg (Glenn Siddall Seeburg, 6540). Discover and study transuranium elements, such as americium, curium, thulium, californium, etc. 1952 A. Martin (Arcger Martin, 19 10-), an Englishman, invented Richard Synge (19655). Invented partition chromatography 1953 staudinger (188 1- 1965). Germans put forward the concept of macromolecules 1954 Pauling (190 1-). Studying the nature of chemical bonds 1955 Vignau (Vincent du Vignaud1901-Kloc-0/978) Americans, synthetic peptides and hormones 1956 Semenov (Nikolay, 1896-) American Hinsherwood (1897-1967) studied the chemical kinetics of gas phase reaction (chemical kinetics 19 17-) British Peruz (19/7-). Study on Catalytic Polymerization of Ethylene and Propylene Ziegler (Kafl Ziegler, 1898- 1973) Germany, Study on the Catalytic Polymerization of Ethylene and Propylene1964 D.C. Hodgkin (19/KLOC-0-) (Germany) Structural Determination of Vitamin B 12, a biochemical compound against pernicious anemia. Robot Burns Woodward (1965 British Norrish who studied extremely fast chemical reactions (/KLOC-0). Kloc-0/978), British Porter (1920-) who studied extremely fast chemical reactions, American Onsager (1903- 1976), founded the thermodynamics theory of irreversible process (1969), and British Derek Harold Richard Barton (. Norwegian hassell (1897-) and Argentine Luis Federico Leloir (1906-) studied the three-dimensional conformation of organic compounds. Discovering glyconucleotides and their role in carbohydrate synthesis 197 1 years ago, herzberg (1904-) was a Canadian who studied molecular spectra, especially the electronic structure of free radicals 1972, that is, Christian Borhermer anfinsen,1. To study the basic theory of enzyme chemistry, Stanford Moore (1965438+.1921-), an Englishman, studied organometallic compounds1974 p.j. Flory (Faul John Flory,10-/. Cornforth (19 17—) made of nylon 66 1975, an Englishman and a Swiss, studied the dissipative structure theory in thermodynamics in the preparation of stereochemistry1978 p.d. Mitchell (1920—). Study on the process of energy transfer in biological system1979H.C. Brown (Herbert Charles Brown, 19 12-) American, georg wittig (1897-) German, W. Gilbert (walter gilbert, 1932-) Mixed DNA was first prepared by boron and phosphorus compounds in Paul Berg (P. Burt, 1926-), and frederick sanger (19 18-), an Englishman, established chemical and biological analysis methods of DNA structure. Establishment of chemical and biological analysis methods for DNA structure 198 1 years ago, Kenichi Fukui (19 18-) was Japanese and Roald Hoffmann (1937-) was American. Conservation of molecular orbital symmetry 1982 Aaron Klug (English, 1926-), American 1983 Tao Bei (henry taube, 19 15-), American Merifield (192). American Carrle (19 18-), American Dudley R. Hercshbach (1932-), American Li Yuanzhe (1936-), German Polani (1929). The French (Jean-Marie Lehn, 1939-) synthesized low molecular weight organic compounds with special properties, which contributed to the research and application of molecules. Donald Cram (19 19-) Americans synthesized low-molecular-weight organic compounds with special properties, which made contributions to molecular research and application. 1988, German Robert huber first determined the three-dimensional structure of the photosynthesis reaction center. Revealing the structural characteristics of the pattern-binding protein complex Johann Deisehofer, a German, first determined the three-dimensional structure of photosynthetic reaction center and revealed the structural characteristics of the pattern-binding protein complex. German Hartnett Michel first defined the three-dimensional structure of photosynthetic reaction center. The structural characteristics of protein complex with mode combination are revealed: 1989 Cech (T.R. Cech) American, S.Altman American and1990 E.J. Cory American. The contribution to the theory and method of organic synthesis has greatly enriched the theoretical treasure house of organic chemistry 199 1 Richard R.Ernst Swiss, the important contribution to the development of Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1992 Rudolf. Cooter. Marcus, an American, founded and developed the theory of electron transfer reaction 1993, Kerry Muhlis, an American, created a new biological research method with the basic concepts and methods of chemistry (michael smith), a Canadian, created a new biological research method with the basic concepts and methods of chemistry (1994 George Auracher), an American, discovered the use of super acids to keep carbon. Crutzen (1995) is a Dutchman and Molina (1arioilina) is an American, who has made outstanding contributions to the study of atmospheric chemistry, especially the formation and decomposition of ozone. Outstanding contribution to the study of atmospheric chemistry, especially the formation and decomposition of ozone (F. Sherwood Rowland) American, outstanding contribution to the study of atmospheric chemistry, especially the formation and decomposition of ozone (1996) Robert F. Cole American, Discovery (Fuller Ball C-60) Richard E. smalley American, Discovery (Fuller Ball C-60) Harold. Discovery (Fuller Ball C-60) 1997 Paul Boyer Americans discovered the formation process of "energy molecule" adenosine triphosphate John E Walker British discovered the formation process of "energy molecule" adenosine triphosphate jens skou Danes discovered the enzyme with balanced concentration of sodium and potassium ions in cells 1998 Walter Cohen Americans proposed the density action theory as a simplification. The calculation of atomic bonds laid the foundation. In 1970, John Popper, an Englishman, designed a computer program which was widely used later. The calculation method he developed enables people to theoretically study molecules, their properties and how molecules interact in chemical reactions. The process of breaking and forming chemical bonds in chemical reactions is photographed by laser scintillation camera. In 2000, Americans in Alan Heeger?? Conductive polymers (conductive plastics) were found. American Allen Mark Diamid discovered conductive polymers (conductive plastics) in Hideki Shirakawa and Japan. Discovery of conductive polymers (conductive plastics) Study on Japanese Chiral Catalytic Hydrogenation in Noyori Ryori 2001; Study on Barry Sharples Chiral Catalytic Reaction Discovered and Made by Americans: In 2002, American John B. Fen developed Koichi Tanaka, a method to identify macro-morphology and analyze its structure. The identification and structural analysis methods of biological macro-morphology have been developed. Kurt Woosrich, a Swiss, measured the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution and introduced nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Among them, John B. Fen and Koichi Tanaka will each win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry of 1/4, and Kurt Woosrich will win the remaining 1/2. In 2003, American Peter Agre and American roderick mackinnon discovered the water channel of cell membrane, which made a pioneering contribution to the research on the structure and mechanism of ion channel. This is an important discovery, which opens the door to biochemical, physiological and genetic research on water channels of bacteria, plants and mammals. List of winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics over the years The reasons for winning the prize were1901w.c. Roentgen X-rays were discovered in Germany. 1902 H.A The discovery and research of Lorenz Zeeman effect in Holland P. Zeeman Holland 1903 H.A becquerel France discovered the radioactivity of natural uranium element P. Curie France's research on radioactive substances found the radioactive elements polonium and radium, and thorium was also radioactive. Madame Curie France 1904L. Argon 1905 P was discovered in Rayleigh, England, when studying gas density. Learnard German Cathode Ray Research1906 J J Tang Musun Britain measured the charge-to-mass ratio of electrons through the study of gas conductivity 1907 A.A Michelson The United States created a sophisticated optical instrument and used it for spectrometric research. And accurately measure the speed of light 1908 G. Ripman and France invented the natural color photography technology using interference phenomenon 1909 G. Marconi and Italy invented the wireless electrode and its contribution to the development of radio communication. Braun, Germany 19 1 0J.D. Van der Waals, Netherlands studies the equation of state of gas and liquid.10666 8+091Kloc-0/W. Deduction and study of Wien's law of thermal radiation/Kloc-0.10080880807 2 N.G Darren, Sweden invented the automatic gas regulator for igniting the beacon light. M.V. Laue, Germany discovered that the diffraction of Roentgen rays through crystals is not only used to determine the wavelength of X-rays, It is also used to prove the atomic lattice structure of crystals: 19 1 5 w.h. The crystal structure was analyzed by roentgen rays in Prague, England19/7 c.g. The secondary roentgen radiation for identifying elements was found in Bakla, England 1998 explained the empirical law of electromagnetic radiation/kloc. 9 J. Stark Germany discovered the Doppler effect in cathode ray and the splitting of atomic spectral lines in electric field1920 C. E. Gilholm France discovered the anomaly of nickel-steel alloy and its application in precision instruments1921A. Einstein Germany's contribution to modern physics, In particular, the photoelectric effect law 1 922 N. Bohr Danish oil drop experiment proves that the smallest unit of charge is 1924 K.M.G Swedish Sigban's discovery and research on roentgen ray spectroscopy 1925 J. Frank Germany discovered the regularity of electrons colliding with atoms G.L.Hertz Germany1 926J. B. Palin studied the split structure of matter in France, and found that sedimentation equilibrium was 1927 A. H. Compton. The United States discovered Compton effect. C.T.R Wilson invented a cloud chamber for observing charged particles in Britain, making the trajectories of charged particles visible. 1928 O.W Richardson's research on thermionic phenomena in Britain also found Richardson's law 1929 L.V de Broglie's theoretical research on French electronic volatility 1930 C.V Raman India studied light scattering and found Raman effect 1932 W Heisenberg founded quantum mechanics in Germany. It also led to the discovery of hydrogen allotropes 1933 E. Schrodinger's extensive development of Austrian quantum mechanics. P.A.M Dierik's extensive development of British quantum mechanics predicted the existence of positrons1935 J. chadwick discovered neutrons1936 V.F. Hess discovered cosmic rays C in Austria. Kloc-0/937 J.P. Thomas Musun discovered the interference phenomenon in the crystal irradiated by electrons through experiments 1938 E. Fermi Italy discovered new radioactive elements and nuclear reactions caused by slow neutrons1939 F.O. Lawrence developed a cyclotron in the United States and the results achieved by using it. Especially the study of artificial radioactive elements 1943 O. Stern, proton magnetic moment measured in the United States 1 944 i.i.rabbit, magnetism of atomic nuclei measured by * * * vibration method in the United States 1945 W, Paulio discovered Pauli incompatibility principle1 946p.w. bridgman and the United States developed high-voltage devices and founded high-voltage physics1947 E.V. Aptom and Britain discovered Wilson's cloud chamber reflected by Aptom layer and its discovery in nuclear physics and cosmic rays 1949 Yukawa Hideki Japan predicted the existence of mesons by mathematical methods1950 C.F. Powell's British research.