About Romance of the Three Kingdoms and; Several problems of

This is your summer homework, isn't it?

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Liu Bei: Chen Shou's evaluation of Liu Bei is: "Hongyi is generous, knows people and treats scholars, and is a hero in the style of Gao Zu." And entrusted the whole country to Zhuge Liang, but with the same mind, sincere monarch and minister serve the public and prosper in ancient and modern times. If you have no right to do something, you can't catch Wei Wu. Because the cardinality is too narrow. However, he "persisted, and he would never do it." "In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the author described Liu Bei as a representative of the benevolent, and he was the orthodox successor of the imperial power in the Han Dynasty. Therefore, he tried his best to describe Liu Bei's kind, generous and kind personality, which was extremely exaggerated, but while highlighting his kindness, he fell into incompetence and gave people the feeling of incompetence and hypocrisy. Liu Bei in TV plays is often Lacrimosa. Although crying and tears show Liu Bei's benevolence and righteousness, they give people the impression that Liu Bei's world is crying, distorting Liu Bei's true image as a "lean" and "outstanding person".

Guan Yu: In history, Guan Yu was an "enemy of ten thousand people" and a tiger general. He did his duty, and his grievances were clear. He is famous for his loyalty, but he is "righteous and proud", with more courage and less wisdom. After Ma Chao surrendered to Liu Bei, he was named General of the Day. When Guan Yu was in charge of Jingzhou, he wrote a book with Zhuge Liang, "Ask who can compare with the super talent." Zhuge Liang wrote back that Ma Chao is a great man in the world, but he is not as good as Guan Yu's "peerless", and Guan Yu "keeps books to entertain himself as a guest." This is a typical brave and foolhardy military commander's character.

Cao Cao: In history, Cao Cao has been in charge of the army for more than 30 years, but he has never let go of books. He is good at poetry, cursive script and Go. Live frugally and don't pay attention to clothes. Discuss with others, laughing and laughing. "Honor should be rewarded, generous daughter; Nothing can be done, nothing can be done. " He is a first-rate politician, strategist and writer in the history of China. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, these good aspects of Cao Cao's character and morality are ignored, while his cruel and treacherous side is exaggerated. Therefore, Luo Guanzhong's Cao Cao is a typical treacherous, cruel, willful and suspicious villain.

1. Don Quixote vs. Windmill:

The first thing he met was that there were thirty or forty windmills in the countryside. This is a Spanish farmer who uses wind power to push a stone mill to grind wheat and feed. Don Quixote regarded it as thirty or forty giants, regarded the wings of the windmill as the giant's arms, and tried to fight forward. Although Sancho shouted a windmill to stop him, Don Quixote's mind was full of monsters and things like that, and he ignored it. He pounced on the first windmill and inserted his spear into its wings. Just then, a gust of wind blew, and the windmill broke his pike into several pieces, and Don Quixote was thrown out, both man and horse. Thanks to Sancho's help, he finally got up from the ground. That day, they spent a bad night in the forest.

2. Don Quixote vs. Sheep

Two flocks of sheep came on the road. Don Quixote regarded the cries of rams and ewes as "the rustling Ma Si, the sound of horns and drums", and regarded the sheep as the left and right armies that appeared in front of him. He grabbed the pike and rushed up like lightning, stabbing it. In this way, he killed many sheep. Finally, he was knocked down by the shepherd and knocked out three or four teeth. When all this happened, Sancho tugged at his beard, cursing his bad luck and following such a crazy master. After the shepherd left, he didn't go up, helped Don Quixote up, and complained that his master shouldn't disturb himself. Don Quixote explained to him that he had been cheated by the magician. The magician was jealous of his victory and turned two opposing armies into two flocks of sheep. In the evening, Don Quixote dispersed another funeral procession, because he regarded the dead in the car as the murdered knight.

This is the fifteenth day after Don Quixote went out as a ranger for the second time. He persuaded Sancho Panza, a short, fat and bearded farmer, to be a servant. Don Quixote allowed him to be the governor of this island in the future. Sancho's family is poor, and he wants to try his luck. Besides, when a servant earns money, he agrees. So Sancho rode his mule and set off with Don Quixote's thin horse.

Zhang Fei's:

Yi Shi Yan Yan.

In 2 13, Zhang Fei, Zhuge Liang, Zhao Yun and others led Jingzhou soldiers into Shu to reinforce them. When I arrived in Jiangzhou, I met Yan Yan, the general of Liu Zhang. Yan Yan was captured alive by Zhang Fei, who was moved by Yan Yan's bravery and unyielding, and was listed as a guest by Zhang Fei. The army continued to divide the counties, and then advanced into Chengdu to meet Liu Bei. When Liu Bei became the Lord of Shu, he gave Zhang Fei 500 Jin of gold, 50 million Jin of silver 1000, and 50 million yuan of brocade 1000 horses.

Beat Zhang He.

In 2 18, after Cao Cao defeated Zhang Lu, Cao Ying's famous Zhang He led his army into the northeast of Yizhou, which, although belonging to Yizhou, has always been the territory of Zhang Lu. Liu Bei then appointed Zhang Fei as the Brazilian satrap and sent troops to fight against it. The two armies confronted each other for more than 50 days. Later, Zhang Fei led more than 10 thousand elite soldiers and invited Zhang to fight. Because of the narrow mountain road, Zhang He was defeated, abandoned his horse and climbed back to Nanzheng with more than ten people. This battle not only expanded Liu Bei's territory, but also kept the gateway of Shu, which turned Yizhou into safety. Zhang Fei immediately took part in the war against Hanzhong. In 2 19, Liu Bei was called the king of Hanzhong and worshipped Zhang Fei as the right general, so he had a holiday. Soon, Guan Yu was killed by Sun Quan.

Dangyang bridge

Zhang Fei's bravery in Historical Records is also generous, and he is often praised as "the general of bears and tigers", "the enemy of ten thousand people" and "the tiger minister of the world". In fact, the world often ignores the other side of Zhang Fei's personality. In addition to being brave, Zhang Fei is also a man who pays attention to strategy. As the saying goes, he is bold but cautious. Take the evacuation of Changbanqiao as an example. At that time, he only had more than 20 cards in his hand. In the face of millions of enemy troops, it's no use shouting skyshatter if you don't do anything. He knows how to arrange these more than 20 cavalry, tie branches to ponytails and run around in the Woods. There was a time when "the dust head was raised behind the forest in the east of the bridge", which made Cao Jun bridle his horse's head and dare not approach it. Obviously, the plan succeeded. Intriguingly, General Jun did not put this credit on Zhang Fei's head, but "even Zhu Gekongming's plan". It can be seen that in people's minds, they think of it when they frown. This is Zhuge Liang's patent. In fact, Zhang Fei's brow has been greatly wrinkled several times. This time, Zhang Fei knew how to spread false news and used body double's plan to confuse the old villain Yan Yan. Finally, he was captured alive and made his first contribution to Sichuan. Then, in the seventieth "Zhang Fei outwitted the Wakouguan Pass", he actually knew how to confuse the enemy by pretending to be drunk, and also engaged in a series of counterattacks, which made Zhang He, who was known as both wise and brave, completely defeated. Zhuge Liang was very optimistic about him and praised him as "General Zhang Can who was resourceful".

This is Zhuge Liang's

make three calls at the thatched cottage/repeatedly request sb to take up a post

Xu Shu enthusiastically recommended Zhuge Liang (also known as Zhu Gekongming) to Liu Bei. Liu Bei was very happy and decided to visit him. At that time, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong outside Xiangyang City. Liu Bei went to Longzhong with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, but unfortunately Zhuge Liang went out and didn't see him. A few days later, Liu Bei braved the wind and rain to visit again, and Zhuge Liang wandered around with his friends. Liu Bei was a little disappointed when he didn't see Kong Ming twice, but in order to achieve great things, he longed for talents. He arranged a third visit. Zhuge Liang didn't go out this time, but he didn't wake up after sleeping in the thatched cottage. Liu Bei stood humbly on the stone steps until Kong Ming woke up. Zhuge Liang was moved by Liu Bei's sincerity and promised to go out to help Liu Bei. Finally, he achieved something. "Visiting the thatched cottage" was later used to express sincere invitation to others. Sometimes he said that he had visited many times before seeing each other.

Get along well (like a duck to water)

Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage and invited Zhuge Liang (Kong Ming) to come out of the mountain. After that, "eat at the same table and sleep in the same bed." He talks about world affairs all day long and regards Kong Ming, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei as his teachers. He was very unhappy, so he said to Liu Bei, "Kongming is young, how can he learn from his big brother?" You're really good at him, and you've never seen him show his hand! Liu Bei advised them, "I got Kong Ming like a duck to water, not to mention my two younger brothers. "Like a duck to water" means finding a person who shares my interests, or finding an environment suitable for my career development. For example, Professor Li asked Zhang Ming to be his assistant, which was like a duck to water. The progress of research projects has been accelerated, and one problem after another has been overcome.

Be a novice

Soon after Zhuge Liang, the new official, went to Xinye with Liu Bei, Cao Cao sent Xia Houdun with a hundred thousand troops to Bowangcheng to approach Xinye. Liu Bei called Zhang Guan to discuss how to meet the enemy. Zhang Fei was unconvinced by Liu Bei's statement that he could "be like a duck to water" and said angrily, "Why not send water to meet the enemy?" Liu Bei said, "Be smart when dealing with Kong Ming, but be brave when dealing with the second brother." Kong Ming was afraid that Zhang Guan and others would not obey orders, so he asked Liu Bei for a sword and seal to show that he had mastered military power. Those who did not obey orders would be beheaded. Kongming sent troops to attack Bo Wangpo, Cao Bing, and defeated Xia Houdun. This beautiful victory made Zhang Guan admire Zhuge Liang, and from then on, he sincerely obeyed his orders. In Chapter 39 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there is a poem praising Zhuge Liang: "Wang Bo fights fire with fire and directs a pleasant joke." The idiom "young man" originally meant that Zhuge Liang won the battle as soon as he came to power, but later it was used to describe that he had just entered social work and lacked practical experience. For example, although he is a "young man", he is energetic and eager to learn, and he soon became familiar with the business and made achievements.

Wise advice

In order to control the kidnapping of Liu Bei, Sun Quan accepted Zhou Yu's "honey trap", pretending to betrothed his sister to Liu Bei who had just lost his wife, and tricked Liu Bei into going to Nanxu to find a wife. Then I plan to put him under house arrest and send someone to take Jingzhou back as a hostage. Liu Bei was suspicious when he met Sun Quan's emissary, but Zhuge Liang reassured him and confidently said that he would "use a little trick to make Zhou Yu half-funded." Wu Hou's sister is also a young master; Jingzhou is foolproof. "He asked Zhao Zilong to escort Liu Bei. When he left, Zhuge Liang called Zhao Zilong to his side, gave him three pieces of advice, and whispered to him, "You should accept these three pieces of advice to ensure that your master enters the Kingdom of Wu. There are three tips in the bag, which you can follow in order. Zhao Zilong followed suit and forced Sun Quan's sister to get married. "。 Later, Liu Bei and Mrs. Sun were escorted safely out of Wu and escaped from the tiger's mouth.

Later, Yu Liang.

Zhou Yu always wanted to kill Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, but his schemes were all destroyed by Zhuge Liang. Chapters 5 1 to 56 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms narrate the story of "Kongming San qi zhou Gong Jin". Zhou Yu was narrow-minded, but he had not recovered from the arrow sore, and finally died in anger. When he died, he looked up at the sky and sighed, "Since he was born in, how can he be bright!" " "It means" since there is a Zhou Yu, why is there another Zhuge Liang! This story leads to the idiom "a moment of beauty", which means that two people exist at the same time, with equal talent and ability, but they compete with each other.

Capture and release seven times

After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang ascended the throne, and Shu flourished. At that time, several counties in South China (now south of Dadu River in Sichuan and Yunnan and Guizhou) rebelled. Zhuge Liang personally led the army to crusade, and the war won a great victory. Finally, Meng Huo, the head of South China, continued to resist. Zhuge Liang learned that Meng Huo was not only brave in fighting, but also famous in various tribes, so he decided to give priority to the policy and win him over. Meng Huo was captured alive on his first encounter. He persuaded Meng Huo to defect, but he was not convinced. Kong Ming didn't force him to let him go and let him fight again. In this way, Meng Huo was arrested seven times. By the seventh time, Meng Huo finally convinced himself not to resist. Zhuge Liang ordered Meng Huo and tribal leaders to manage the original area as usual, without sending officials, which also created "worry-free" conditions for the Northern Expedition. "Capture" means capture, and "vertical" means release. The metaphor of "seven captures and seven verticals" means that you are sure to defeat the other side and control the other side strategically.

Live a simple life to show your ambition.

Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang for the second time and entered the gate of the thatched cottage. When he arrived at the middle gate, he saw a couplet written on the door: "Be indifferent to your heart, be quiet and far-reaching", which means to show your ambition by being indifferent and simple, and stay away from fame and fortune with peace of mind. This couplet shows one aspect of Zhuge Liang's moral cultivation. Zhuge Liang's "Warning Book" uses a double negative expression: "There is no ambition, no indifference, and the meaning is still unfinished. Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang of Wudang Mountain, was born in Yang Du County (now yinan county, Shandong Province), a land of evil spirits. At the age of fourteen, his brother and sister went to Zhang Yu County (now Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province) with their uncle Zhuge Xuan, and soon went to Xiangyang to defect to Liu Biao. After his uncle died, Zhuge Liang and his younger brother and sister were in a place called Longzhong, more than twenty miles west of Xiangyang City. He lived in Wollongong, Longzhong, and devoted himself to a hundred schools of thought, showing high knowledge and talent. According to Zhuge Liang's Collection, Zhuge Liang made friends with many famous people in Jingzhou at that time, and asked for advice with an open mind, and his knowledge became wider and wider. At that time, the famous China ancient classic scholar Si Mahui was called Mr. Water Mirror. He taught Taoism in Xiangyang and received many disciples. According to Xian Jian, Si Mahui read Zhuge Liang's classics. Enrich your knowledge. The public servant of Rushan Lingshan is proficient in politics and military affairs. I often ask him for advice. We will never finish learning his knowledge. You can ask him modestly. " Zhuge Liang was very happy, so he joined Si Mahui as a teacher. Zhuge Liang lived in 99 for a year, and didn't teach anything in 99, but Zhuge Liang still served his teacher respectfully until 99 decided that Zhuge Liang was indeed a student with excellent academic performance. Teach him two books, Sun Tzu's Art of War, Array Law and Lonely Prosperity. These books include Taoism, astronomy and meteorology, and the art of war. Most of them are knowledge that Zhuge Liang has never involved before, which has benefited him a lot. After a few months, Chen Jiu saw that he could understand the mystery of the books he taught, so he recommended to him: "There is a Wudang Mountain in Nanjun, with 72 peaks and 32 rocks." There are many Taoist masters living in seclusion between these two peaks, among which the most famous Arctic leader is good at Shu Lang, Yushu, Fu Ling and the Five Elements Taoism. What you study here is mainly the art of war, not Taoism, which is far from enough. If you go on like this, you will fall into the extreme left stream. So, I'll take you to learn more about Taoism by taking the Arctic leader as a teacher. He was also tested. Let him chop wood and fetch water to eat Polygonatum every day. After living like this for a long time, I saw its sincerity, gained the Tao, and went down the mountain to this world. After that, Zhuge Liang went to visit Calyx Nine and the leader of the Arctic, but without any result, he continued to live in seclusion. Si Mahui knew that Zhuge Liang had achieved great success, so when Liu Bei later traveled around the world in Si Mahui, Zhuge Liang was the first person recommended to him by Si Mahui. After that, Liu Bei's "three visits to the thatched cottage" and Zhuge Liang's worship of books finally showed a series of touching experiences of political and military talents. According to later generations, there seems to be a dispute between Nanyang and Xiangyang. According to Zhuge Liang, "Liang's home is in Dengxian County, Nanyang, 20 miles west of Xiangyang City, and its name is Longzhong. Second, Xiangyang borders today's Yicheng County. There is a place called Denglin in Yicheng with a long history. During the Three Kingdoms period, Deng Lin may be the name of Deng County, and it is very likely that Longzhong will be under the jurisdiction of this Deng County. According to Taoism, being born different, living different, seclusion different from managing the world, and Zhang Zifang different from Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang was a representative of the school of governing the country. Judging from Zhuge Liang's life's deeds, he studied in Calyx Nine and the Arctic Patriarch. Fu Zhuan et al. , all in his career of assisting Liu Bei to conquer the world. But the only thing he didn't learn was the ability to cultivate immortality, so that he died before he could enjoy life. Perhaps this is also the result of his teacher seeing that he is the material and ambitious to manage the world, so he teaches students in accordance with their aptitude!