Who in history have contributed to the telephone?

17th century

In 1684, the famous British physicist and chemist Robert Hooke first proposed the principle of visual communication in a speech at the Royal Society. He suggested that when communicating, hang the letters of the text to be transmitted and the coded symbols representing various meanings on a high wooden frame, so that the other party can see and receive them. But this suggestion has never been realized.

18th Century

On February 17, 1753, the idea of ??using electric current for communication was first proposed in a magazine called "The Scotsman", and the article was signed C.M. In 1790, the outstanding French engineer Claude Chape and his brothers successfully developed a practical communication system based on the principles of visual communication proposed by Hooke. This system could send messages throughout France. In 1793, the French Chappé brothers set up a 230-kilometer-long carriage line between Paris and Lille to transmit information via relay. This is a communication system consisting of 16 signal towers. The signal operator uses ropes and pulleys to manipulate the different angles of the bracket to express relevant information. On August 15, 1794, a visual communication method called "remote communication" was used for the first time between Lille and Paris, France. In 1796, the Englishman Hughes proposed a method of transmitting voice via microphone relay and named it Telephone, a name that has been used to this day.

1830s

In 1832, Russian diplomat Schilling built a telegraph that used the deflection of the galvanometer pointer to receive information. In 1835, American Morse invented the telegraph machine that used electromagnetic principles for telegraph transmission. In June 1837, the Englishman Cook obtained the first patent for the invention of the telegraph. The telegraph machine he made was first used on the railway. From 1837 to 1838, Morse also invented the Morse code, a code that represents numbers and letters by "turning on" and "cutting off" current.

1840s

In 1843, Morse built a telegraph line from Washington to Baltimore, with a total length of 64.4 kilometers. On May 24, 1844, Morse sent the first telegram in human history to Baltimore from the Capitol Building: "What a miracle God has created!".

1850s

On August 28, 1850, the first submarine cable was launched by brothers John and Jacob Brett in the Sea of ??Gris-Nez, France. However, only a few telegrams were sent before the operation was interrupted. It turned out that a fisherman hooked up a section of cable with a trawl net, cut off a section and happily showed off this rare "seaweed" specimen to others, saying in amazement that it was filled with gold.

1870s

On March 10, 1876, American Bell invented the telephone. "Mr. Watson, come and help me" became the first human sentence to be transmitted by telephone. voice. At that time, Bell spilled acid from the microphone onto his leg. 1878, Handheld Telephone: This telephone was made in Germany in 1878 by Werner Siemens. Its earpiece and microphone are one, and they are used alternately when listening and speaking. 1879, Box Telephone: This telephone was equipped with a magnetic generator produced by the Viaduct Manufacturing Company, made of mahogany, and had a columnar receiver. In 1879, a telegraph line was set up between Tianjin and Dagu Beitang Fort.

1880s

1880, Bell Telephone: This is the first telephone used in Europe. It replaced the telegraph and was more advanced than the magnetic engine telephone, which had a handle. 1881, 1882 Magneto-dynamo wall telephones: The telephone on the left is called the American Bell model, manufactured in 1881 and used by the International Bell Telephone Company in Copenhagen. Manufactured by L.M. Ericsson. This phone was popular at the end of the last century. On February 21, 1882, the Dango-Dabei Telegraph Company established a telephone exchange on the Bund in Shanghai. 1885, "Eiffel Tower" Magnetophone: This telephone was made in 1885 by L. M. Ericsson. At the time it was the first phone to be placed on a desktop. The microphone is mounted on a rotating arm, and a crank is used to connect to the switch. 1885, 1902, Magnetic Generator Wall Telephone: Made by Ferdinand E. Stensen in Copenhagen in 1885, it was the earliest telephone made by a Dane. This one was made by the Emil Mdlers Telephone Company in Hosen. 1885. Wooden frame desk telephone: manufacturer and origin unknown.

1890s

1892, electric folding cabinet table phone: This kind of phone is mostly used in homes, hotels and phone booths. 1892 "Eiffel Tower" telephone with handset: This is a true classic telephone, made in 1892 by L. M. Ericsson. This phone spread all over the world, with nearly a million units produced.

1893, "Coffee Pot" Telephone: There are only a few examples of this phone in Denmark, and it is the most attractive and valuable for collectors. In 1895, the Russian Popov and the Italian Marconi respectively invented the wireless telegraph. On May 18, 1897, Marconi successfully conducted radio communications across the Bristol Channel. 1899, Digital Mechanical Wall Telephone: This digital mechanical telephone comes in both wall and table versions.

20th Century

1900, upright desk phone: This round-belly desk phone is made of nickel-plated bronze. There is a sturdy piece of bakelite underneath the hanging rod. It also has a peripheral earpiece to show off. 1900, Upright Tapered Desk Phone: This phone was nicknamed the "oil can" because of its shape. 1900, 20-wire split phone: This model is the so-called 20-wire split phone. For intercom use only, manufactured in Sweden by L. M. Ericsson. In 1900, China's first local telephone was launched in Nanjing; Shanghai and Nanjing Telegraph Offices opened local telephones, with only 16 telephones at that time. 1901, Magnetic Generator Desk Telephone: This model was manufactured in Copenhagen in 1901 by Ferdinand E. Stensens Telefonfabrik. Pay attention to its earpiece, hanging separately on a hook. Perhaps it was because the quality of telephone access at that time was not high and sometimes one had to listen with two ears. In 1901, Marconi achieved wireless communication across the Atlantic Ocean. 1902, Kellogg Corner Desk Telephone: This corner desk telephone was mostly used in homes, offices and phone booths. It was manufactured by the Hardwood Telephone Company of the United States. I bought it from a farmer in a small town in California. 1902, Public Battery Wall Telephone: This type of telephone does not require you to turn the handle, pick up the receiver and speak directly to the operator. It was purchased from an antique store in San Francisco. In 1903, the wireless telephone experiment was successful. 1904, “Spider” civilian band telephone: L. M. Ericsson’s first civilian band telephone. 1904, Magnetic Generator First Line Telephone: This telephone was manufactured in 1904 by L.M. Ericssom. This phone allows four users to share one phone line. From 1904 to 1905, Russia set up radio stations in Yantai and Niuzhuang, China. Chicago's tree-style desk phone, 1905: This desk phone was known as the "Potty" because of the bulge in the middle of the handle. 1905, Porch Intercom: This was a Connecticut Telecommunications Company 32-door porch intercom. 1905, 11-digit dialing desk telephone: It used an 11-digit dialing method. On November 8, 1907, French inventor Edouard Belland demonstrated his development result-photo fax in the building of the French Photographic Association. 1907, "German model" radio band telephone: manufactured in Germany in 1907 by E.Zwuetysch & Co. The emergence of this telephone can solve the problem of long waiting time for calls to a certain extent. 1907, Magneto-type Telephone: This telephone was manufactured in 1907 by L.M. Ericsson. Note: When answering a call, hang the handset on a separate hook. This was the unified standard for phone manufacturers at the time. 1908, CH-08 loudspeaker telephone: introduced by KTAS.

1910s

1910, Interphone: This was an upright tabletop interphone produced by the S.H. Couch Company for inter-office communications. 1912, office queuing machine: This telephone can have 17 extensions at the same time through the main unit. Each extension can make calls, and the extensions can also be connected to each other. 1912, CH-08 wall telephone: This telephone was produced in 1912 and was made by the Danes in Copenhagen. It can automatically send and receive telegraphs. 1912, Magnetic Generator Telephone: A telegraph and fax telephone manufactured by L.M. Ericsson, often used in remote areas or small islands. 1914, Magnavox anti-noise desk phone: The unique design of this phone was that when you spoke into the microphone, the sound passed through a small hole in the top of the phone, causing the vibrating plate in the phone to vibrate. Noise is canceled when it enters the microphone. Its dual rotating earpieces help block unwanted noise. 1914, Magnavox anti-noise desk telephone model B1: also has noise canceling function. 1914, Magnetic Generator Telephone: Made in Horwens in 1914, it could be used for telegraphs and faxes. 1915, Veau desk telephone: unknown. 1915 Homemade wall telephone: This phone was found on an abandoned farm in East Oregon. There are nearly 20 abandoned farms in the area with traces of telephones hanging on their walls. In 1919, Palm and Berland invented the "crossbar connector." Ten years later, in 1929, the world's first large-scale cross-border telephone exchange was built in Sundsvall, Sweden.

1920s

In July 1920, China Post launched a postal and telegraph service. 1920 Magneto Wall Telephone: This telephone, manufactured in 1904 and updated in 1920, featured a rotating red button that switched between answering and listening. 1927, D-08 semi-automatic telephone: the first dial telephone, its appearance will replace the manual calling system of the switchboard. The dialing device was installed in 1927 and it was first used in 1978. 1927, AC-powered ringing telephone: Made in Horsens, Denmark by Kristian Kirks Telefonfabrikker, still in use in the 1970s. 1929, automatic wall telephone: unknown. In 1929, the world's first large-scale cross-border telephone exchange was built in Sundsvall, Sweden.

1930s

In 1930, D-30 semi-automatic gold-plated telephone: This telephone was manufactured by a Danish company in 1930. Its special feature was the gold-plated surface. At that time Most phones are dark, and this phone has a dialing mechanism. 1930, FL-30 automatic telephone: Made in Denmark in the 1930s, it used alphabetic dialing. This type of phone is about 48 years old. 1935, automatic telephone: This telephone was used to communicate with telecommunications exchanges in remote areas. Its design was influenced by the American telephone industry in the 1930s. In 1937, the British man Reeves proposed a method of transmitting voice information using all combinations of pulses (pulse code modulation).

1940s

1943, Model CB-43 telephone; this telephone was manufactured in Denmark by Kristian Kirks Telefonfabrikker and had two ring tones designed internally to differentiate between Calls from inside and outside the city. In October 1945, the British A.C. Clark proposed the idea of ????stationary satellite communications. In 1946, Eckert and Mauchly built the world's first electronic computer. In 1947, Bell Labs in the United States proposed the concept of cellular communications, dividing the mobile phone service area into several cells, and setting up a base station in each cell to form a cellular mobile communication system.

1950s

In December 1950, the long-distance open-line international trunk line project in Northeast China was completed, and the cable carrier circuit from Beijing to Moscow was opened. F-51 autodial telephone, 1951; this telephone was built by Kristian Kirks Telefonfabrik after World War II. 1952, F-52 automatic dialing telephone: Made in 1952, it was made of ivory and later plastic materials instead of the black bakelite material of the past. In July 1954, the U.S. Navy used the reflection of radio waves on the lunar surface to conduct a telephone transmission test between two places on the earth. In 1956, communications services were established between Washington and Hawaii. In 1956, a telephone cable was laid on the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean between the United Kingdom and Canada, making long-distance intercontinental telephone communications a reality. 1956, "Ericofon" automatic dialing telephone; this telephone was designed and manufactured by Swedish L.M. Ericsson and named Ericofon. It is made of new materials and is much lighter than traditional phone receivers. On October 4, 1957, the former Soviet Union successfully launched its first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1. In August 1958, the first domestic 12-carrier telephone equipment was successfully developed at the Shanghai Post and Telecommunications Equipment Factory.

1960s

In January 1960, China’s first set of 1,000 vertical and horizontal automatic telephone exchanges was put into use at Wusong Telephone Exchange in Shanghai. In 1960, American physicist Maiman used powerful ordinary light to illuminate artificial gemstones and created a laser that was 10 million times stronger than sunlight. In 1962, the United States successfully developed pulse code modulation equipment for multiplexed telephone communications. In 1965, the first computer-controlled program-controlled telephone exchange came out in the United States, marking the beginning of a new era of telephones. In 1966, the British-Chinese Kao Kun proposed the idea of ??using glass fiber for long-distance laser communication. 1968, F-68 automatic dialing telephone: This telephone was the most common telephone in the 1970s. It was originally designed in the 1960s and was widely manufactured in Denmark. In 1969, the Beijing Long Distance Telecommunications Bureau successfully installed China's first fully automatic long-distance telephone equipment. In 1969, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense proposed a plan to develop the ARPA network. It was completed and put into operation in 1969, marking a new era in the development of computer communications.

1970s

In 1970, the world's first program-controlled digital switchboard was opened in Paris, France, which marked the full practicality of digital telephones and the arrival of a new era of digital communications. 1970, F-68 push-button dial telephone: the first push-button telephone used in Denmark. This telephone used numerical buttons instead of the original dialing method.

In 1972, the Consultative Committee on International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT) first proposed the concept of Integrated Services Digital Network - ISDN. In 1974, the construction of the China-Japan submarine cable began. This was the first international submarine cable that China participated in the construction. In 1975, the vertical and horizontal automatic telephone switching equipment developed and designed by China passed the national certification and began mass production. 1976, Model 76E/DK80 push-button dial telephone: originally manufactured in 1972 by Jutland Telephone Company. In March 1976, China's first large-capacity transmission system, the 1800-channel coaxial cable carrier system, was completed and put into production in Beijing, Shanghai, and Hangzhou, with a total length of 1,700 kilometers. In 1978, China's telephone capacity was 3.59 million, users were 2.14 million, and the penetration rate was 0.43%. In 1979, F-79 push-button dialing charge phone: This phone is between ordinary phones and public phones. It is mainly used in service places, hotels and other similar places to prevent theft and make calls.

1980s

1980, DA-80 push-button dial telephone: The design of this phone marked the true entry of electronics theory into the telephone industry. In 1982, GSM was established in Europe with the task of formulating standards for pan-European mobile communication roaming. 1982, portable telegraph phone: This phone was manufactured by Ericsson Wireless Systems. At that time, it could only be used in countries such as Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Its appearance opened up a new world for future GSM mobile phone systems. In 1982, China's first batch of coin-operated public telephones appeared in bustling streets such as East and West Chang'an Street in Beijing, with 22 coin-operated public telephone booths installed. In December 1982, China's first 10,000-door program-controlled local telephone switching system introduced from Japan was put into use at Fuzhou Telecommunications Bureau, establishing China's first introduced program-controlled telephone bureau. In 1983, the AMPS cellular system was opened in Chicago, USA. 1983, DanMark 2 Button Phone: Manufactured in 1983, the DanMark 2 was the embodiment of state-of-the-art technology in the 1980s. It has many functions, such as phone number memory function, redial function, monitoring function, and 24 kinds of ringtones.

The 21st Century

In 2002, the first fixed-line smart phone COM2008 was born in China and mass-produced. Fixed-line smart phones

This series of phones was later officially collected by the China Telecommunications Museum. The relevant person in charge of the Telecommunications Museum commented like this at the time: "Ordinary phones can generally only carry out voice communication, but business smart phones can not only carry out smooth voice communication, but also integrate mobile phones, PDAs, computers, etc. (business office) Function, it becomes an information receiving terminal. It also has the characteristics of a business phone such as a large screen, handwriting function, and network function... What the Telecommunications Museum is most interested in is the field of telecommunications displayed by this business smart phone. The latest development results, the collection of this phone is of certain value to study and understand the development of my country's telecommunications industry, and we predict that not only office phones will be replaced by business smart phones in the future, but also all fixed-line phones will develop in this direction. " In 2006, the A7688 series of multimedia smart phones were multimedia smart phones with color screens

This series of fixed phones added network interfaces, bringing fixed network phones into the multimedia network information era.

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