The problem of football

When you say "own goal", the opponent scores one point, but only if there is no foul, the ball is not out of bounds and offside. Seeing that you are not a fan, I will introduce some football knowledge to you.

"Own goal" is a very common expression in football, and everyone knows its meaning. The most popular thing is that I accidentally hit the ball into my own goal and gave the opponent a point! From a linguistic point of view, its origin is probably like this: English "Oolong" (a goal scored by itself) is similar to Cantonese "Oolong" in pronunciation, while Cantonese "Oolong" means "Wrong, Uribatu" and so on. In the 1960s and 1970s, Hong Kong journalists translated "Oolong" into "Oolong" in their reports.

"OWN GOAL" comes from the English word "own goal", which means "entering the goal of one's own goal" According to the pronunciation of this word, Hong Kong fans call it an own goal. "Self-made Oolong" is an idiom of Oolong, which originated from a folklore in Guangdong: during the drought, people prayed for Qinglong to send nectar to nourish everything, but before Qinglong arrived, Oolong appeared, which brought disaster to people. "Put an own goal" is quoted on the football field, which means that our players accidentally hit the ball at their own door. Not only do they not get points, but they will lose points, which is in line with the theme of folklore. The high-risk group of "own goal" should belong to defenders and goalkeepers, because they are the players closest to the own goal. Of course, when defending the opponent's set pieces, a striker or midfielder who is good enough to defend is likely to be self-defeating. Oolong everywhere, anything is possible. For a football match with repeated suspense, the timely own goal is like fresh monosodium glutamate, which makes the fans feast their eyes. But for the players who accidentally concocted the black track, they are very likely to pay a painful price for their momentary negligence.

Supplement: Tactical terms of football. A cooperative method of collective defense in competition. Refers to a defender. When one player is broken by an opponent, another player blocks. Complementarity between the two is the basis of collective defense cooperation. Keeping a proper distance and angle between defenders is the premise of making up positions in time. In the past, it mainly refers to the cooperation of the defensive side in defense. Contemporary football adopts total football's tactics, and the content of supplementary position has also developed accordingly. In an attack, the exchange of positions between the players who are forwards and defenders has also become one of the important contents of position replacement, which puts forward higher requirements for the technical and tactical awareness of position replacement players.

Insertion attack: one of the attacking tactics of football. Refers to the avant-garde and defender players who are located in the second and third lines and insert the first line to participate in the attack. Because of the long distance, it is easy to get rid of the opponent's defense, and the insertion of second-and third-line players is very hidden and sudden. Therefore, it is more threatening. It is an important symbol of all-attack and all-defense tactics that the defender inserts into the forward line and directly participates in the attack.

Long pass breakthrough: one of the attacking tactics of football. Tactical methods to break through the opponent's defense by using long-distance passing. In contemporary football matches, it is often used for quick counterattack. Defender steals the ball in front of his own goal, taking advantage of the opportunity when the opponent failed to return to the defense, passed it to his partner to break through the opponent's defense before the attack.

Sinking and crossing: one of the attacking tactics of football. Refers to the tactical method of pushing the ball near the opponent's end line and then passing it to the opponent's goal through individual dribbling or collective cooperation in sideline attack. In the rapid advance, the attacker often outflanks in this way in order to score goals under the unstable defense of the other side.

Anti-offside tactics: this is an offensive tactic against the opponent's "offside" tactics. When the attacker realizes that the defender is sabotaging his attack by creating offside tactics, he should change the passing direction in time, so that the player behind him can insert the ball or directly take the ball to push the shot quickly, thus making the opponent fall behind.

Roll ball: the technical term of football. Kicking technique of guiding the ball to run in an arc. In the running of football, because of the strong rotation, the air on both sides is different. Because the ball runs in an arc, it is commonly known as "banana ball". When kicking a curveball, the part where the foot touches the ball should deviate from the center of gravity of the ball. Often used to bypass the defender in the middle of the passing route, or confuse the goalkeeper when shooting, making him make a wrong judgment. When a direct free kick is penalized, curveball shooting is an important way to score.

Transposition: a tactical term for football. In order to get rid of the opponent's defense, the attacker changed his position left and right during running. The most common ones are: the left player grabs the ball in front of the right player with the ball, and the right player passes the ball to the left position. This tactical cooperation has changed the way players play football only in their own positions, making the tactics more changeable.

Fence tactics: also known as human wall tactics. In the dangerous area in front of your house, when the opponent takes a free kick, several defenders line up side by side as a "human wall" to help the goalkeeper block some angles of the opponent's shot.

Intensive defense: one of the defensive tactics. The area 30 meters in front of the goal is usually called "danger zone". In the game, in order to stabilize the defense, both sides often organize a considerable number of people to guard this area and form a dense state, so as to strengthen the protection, narrow the gap and block the breakthrough of the other side. This is the so-called dense defense tactics.

Scavenger: Another name for the delayed central defender who undertakes a specific defensive task in a football match. Under the influence of the tactical idea of "persisting in attacking", the 8th Football Championship in 1966 was named after arranging a player behind the back line, whose duty was to defend only without attacking, perform a single defensive task and "clear" the passing ball in front of his own goal.

Regional defense: one of the defensive tactics of football. Each player divides a certain defensive area according to his position, and within a limited range, he mainly adopts the way of standing defense instead of keeping an eye on people. This makes it easier for the attacking team to pass and catch the ball, and it is more difficult to defend when there are more than two attacking players in the same area. This defensive tactic is passive and can't meet the needs of football development, so it is rarely used now.

Football: one of the football tactics. /kloc-a team of 0/0 players has the responsibility of attacking and defending besides the goalkeeper, which is called "all football". According to the needs of attack and defense in the game, each player can play the role of a player at any position. This tactic breaks the shackles of formation on players and can fully mobilize and give play to the enthusiasm of players. At the same time, it also puts forward higher requirements for players' physical quality, technology, tactics and will quality, and fighting style. This style of play appeared in the 10 World Football Championship in10, 974, and was hailed as the third revolution in the history of international football.

Peripheral passing: also known as "45-degree angle passing" is one of the attacking tactics of football. When the attacking player gets the ball near the sideline at an angle of about 45 degrees with the opponent's goal, he passes the ball to his partner near the opponent's restricted area with a long pass, so that the partner can attack continuously with a header, which is called "peripheral pass". Especially when the defender has returned to the defense in time, and the road leading to the opponent's goal has been blocked in the area 3040 meters in front of the goal, or the attacker has a tall striker with strong ability to fight for the top, this kind of play can achieve better results.

Diving to save the ball: the technical term of football. It is difficult for the goalkeeper to catch the ball. One foot pushes hard on the same side of the ball, and the other leg bends its knees to make the body jump out to catch the ball. When landing after catching the ball, press the ball with both hands, land on the forearm side first, and protect the ball with the ball. Because it jumps from the side, it increases the range of catching the ball, so it can catch the ball that is difficult to catch with other actions.

Offside: 1874' s football rules formally stipulate offside rules. But the offside rule at that time was very different from the offside rule now. At that time, it was stipulated that if the attacker attacked the frontcourt and there were only two defenders (including the goalkeeper) in front, then the attacker was offside. 65438+In the early 1970s, football became popular in western countries and other countries. At that time, attack was generally emphasized and defense was not paid much attention. This can be clearly seen from the game formations (12 17, 1226) commonly used in some countries at that time. There are as many as six or seven first-team players in front. The attacker attacked the frontcourt, just like a flood that burst its banks, and it was unstoppable. Once the defender grabs the ball, it is often easy to sneak a sneak attack. In this way, the development and improvement of ball skills and tactics are seriously affected because of the large number of offensive people and the small number of defensive people, and the extremely unbalanced offensive and defensive forces. In addition, due to the lack of close confrontation between the offensive and defensive sides, the game was not so intense and exciting. To this end, some people use their brains in tactical formation, while others try their best to give the attacker appropriate restrictions in the rules. The offside rule came into being under this background. The offside rule used now is stipulated in 1925, which greatly promotes the development of football skills and tactics. In a sense, without the offside rule, there would be no football today. Offside, as the name implies, is over the position of the ball. According to the rules of football, the player who is closer to the opponent's end line than the ball is offside. In other words, when a player kicks a ball or heads the ball, the receiver of the same team on the other side's half-court is in front of the ball. When there is only one player between him and the other side's end line, it is offside. If the same player passes the ball back or parallel (that is, the ball is parallel to the receiver, which is equal to the opponent's end line), the receiver is not offside because he is not in front of the ball, but just parallel to the ball. The key to offside penalty is not when the player receives the ball, but when the player on the same team passes the ball, that is, when the player on the same team kicks or heads the ball. When passing the ball, if the receiver is not in the offside position, but runs to the offside position when the kicked ball is in the air or catching the ball, and then runs back to the non-offside position to catch the ball, it should be judged offside. When the opposing team is playing football, when the same player stops or holds the ball, no matter which player or position, it is not offside. Because judging offside refers to the moment when the same player passes the ball, which is the gist and key to judge offside. If the defensive player deliberately leaves the field and causes the offensive player to be offside, the referee should not judge the offensive player offside, but should give the defensive player a warning when scoring. According to the latest rules of FIFA, a player standing parallel to the last defender (except the goalkeeper) of the other side is not offside. The following situations cannot be considered offside: the player is in his own half. There are two people on the other side who are closer to each other's end line. The last player who touches or kicks the ball is the opponent. Directly catch goal kick, corner kick, foul ball and the ball thrown by the referee. If the player is in an offside position, if the referee thinks that the player has not affected the game, hindered the opponent's activities, or obtained favorable conditions from the offside position, he should not be punished. If the referee has ruled that a player is offside, but before the referee blows the whistle to stop the game, the defender tries to grab the ball and the ball is controlled by the offside player, the player should be ruled offside. This question has been mentioned before, because it was the opposing team that finally touched the ball. If the referee has whistled to determine that the player is offside, and the defender touches the ball because of the tackle, and the ball is controlled by the offside player, the player should still be judged offside, because the referee has whistled to determine that the player is offside when the player on the same team passes the ball. In other words, the player fouled, which is what we often say. According to the rules, the player who finally touches the ball or kicks the ball is not offside. This rule means that although a player is offside, it is not the same player who touches or kicks the ball, but the opposing player. When a player attacks, his body crosses the goal line (runs into the net) because of momentum. The referee should decide whether to punish offside according to whether the player has influenced the goalkeeper. The audience enjoyed the game in the stands. Because of the angle, they often think that a player is offside, but he is not offside. Only the position of linesman can correctly judge whether a player is offside. Offside is a very important and complicated rule in football rules. By definition, ordinary fans can basically understand its spiritual essence. However, the situation of football match is complicated and changeable, and the players on the field keep running, just like spears with shields, offside tactics and anti-offside tactics. There are many kinds of offside situations, offside is a taboo for the attacker, and a very threatening attack is often defeated by offside. Defenders often use offside tactics to disrupt the opponent's powerful offensive, and can "grab" the ball effortlessly and kick an indirect free kick by themselves.

Offside: This is a defensive tactic. According to the rules: when the attacker receives the ball, if there are less than two defenders between the opposing end lines, it is offside. Using this rule, the defender suddenly runs forward when the opponent's player touches the ball, resulting in the situation that there is a defender between the opponent's receiver and his own end line, which makes the opponent offside foul.

Hit the wall: a passing tactic when attacking in a game, that is, when two people pass the ball to one person, they pass everything at once, and the receiver passes the ball at one time, so that the ball passed by the passer seems to hit the wall, thus speeding up the passing speed, hence the name.

Freeman: Another name for the "1333" formation in football. There is no fixed defender in defense, so you can flexibly fill the position to save the danger, so that other players, especially the three guards, have no worries when marking people. It is the development of the scavenger's kicking method, which is not only a defense, but also an opportunity to insert into the offensive front. As a "free man" according to the requirements of duties, the players have comprehensive skills, strong tactical awareness and rich competition experience, which is the core of organization, command and defense.

World Cup

The quadrennial World Cup has always attracted millions of fans around the world, so how did it come into being and develop? 1928 In May, in order to meet the needs of the development of modern football, FIFA held a congress in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and the participants unanimously adopted the decision to host the World Cup. 1930, the first World Cup soccer championship was held in Uruguay, and it has been held every four years since then.

At the FIFA Congress held in Luxemburg from 65438 to 0956, it was suggested that the "World Football Championship" be renamed as "Rimet Cup" in recognition of the outstanding contribution of former FIFA President and Frenchman Rimet to football. Later, it was suggested that the two names be linked and named "World Football Championship-Rimet Cup". Later, at the meeting of octyl representatives held in Geben, Finland, people changed the name to "World Football Championship-Rimet Cup", which has been used ever since.

There are two World Cup trophies. The first "Golden Goddess Cup" is made of pure gold. The cup weighs 1.8kg and stands on a marble base with a height of 30cm. It was made by ferrier, a famous French jewelry designer. Taking Nikai, the winged goddess of victory in Greek mythology, as a model, he created an image of a woman dressed in ancient Roman costume, with her arms stretched out and her cup held high. At that time, FIFA stipulated that the team that won the World Cup would keep the Gold Cup until the next match. But at the same time, it is stipulated that the country that won the championship three times will always have this gold cup.

1970 Brazil won the World Cup in Mexico for the third time, so the "Golden Goddess Cup" flew to Brazil and settled there forever. Unfortunately, someone stole the golden cup and melted it. In order to make a new trophy, in 197 1, FIFA selected 52 design patterns, and the design scheme of Gazania in Italy was selected. The trophy he designed is the shape of two Hercules holding an earth. This golden cup is 36 cm high and weighs 5 kg. It is called "FIFA World Cup". The trophy is liquid.

The World Cup was held 15 times from 1930, and only 6 countries won the championship. They are: Brazil 4 times, Germany 3 times, Italy 3 times, Uruguay 2 times, Argentina 2 times, Britain 1 time.

Five schools of world football

European Power School: Britain and Germany are typical representatives of this school. Its main characteristics are: good physical fitness, concise movements, fierce fighting, fast attack and defense, and being used to breaking the "4-3-3" formation. Long-range shooting and heading are good, long-range passing is a big threat, and you win by speed and strength.

South American Technical School: All countries in South America adopt this style of play, especially Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Its characteristics are: good at "4-4-2" formation, tacit cooperation as a whole, attention to footwork, strong personal ball control ability, good passing placement, two or three people cooperating with small tactics freely, short pass penetration as the main attack, and good at playing positional warfare.

European Latin school: pay attention to the combination of technology and body, with exquisite technology in South America. France, Spain and Denmark are the best in this school. The main formations are "352" and "45 1", and the biggest features are fast conversion between attack and defense, proper use, good ball control in midfield and high requirements for midfield.

"All Football" schools: Italy, Bulgaria, Belgium, etc. Belongs to this type of play. This style of play is based on the "4-3-3" formation, which greatly changes the position and expands the responsibility of each player. When attacking, press 10 people, and when defending, the whole team retreats.

"Nuclear Tactics" School: It was created by Dutch star cruyff who swept the world in 1970s. Its characteristic is that it doesn't care about formation, and only reserves a left wing position. When a player grabs the ball, four or five players immediately form a protective net around him to prevent the grabbed ball from being lost.

Birth day of modern football

1863101October 26th, which is a glorious day in the history of world football. On this day, some football activists held a meeting in a pub in Crucia Street, London. The content of the meeting is to discuss the formulation of football rules.

At this meeting, the most controversial and urgent question is whether the athletes can touch the ball with their hands in the competition. Some people advocate that touching the ball with hands is forbidden, while others advocate that the game will be more exciting and intense. Finally, the former opinion prevailed and passed.

This meeting * * * formulated the rules of 13. The main contents are: the corresponding field area, the number of people who play is 1 1, and it is forbidden to touch the ball with hands (including goalkeepers). This is the first national football game rule in Britain. Most of them are similar to the rules of football matches adopted in the world today. The formulation of this rule has played a positive role in promoting the development of world football.

This year, the first formal football match in the history of world football was held in London, with Sally playing middlesex. The game attracted a lot of spectators. Both sides played well in this game. This game is exciting. The scene of intentional injury disappeared and the game went quite smoothly.

football tactics

Football is an antagonistic sport and a contradiction between attack and defense. Football tactics refers to the means and methods used by both sides to give full play to their respective and collective advantages, attack each other's weaknesses and win the game. According to the basic characteristics of attack and defense, football tactics can be divided into three parts: offensive tactics, defensive tactics and game formation. In attack and defense tactics, it includes individual, collective and team attack and defense tactics respectively.

Collective and local coordinated attack tactics

Collective tactics refers to the cooperation mode that two or more players take in order to complete the offensive and defensive tasks of the whole team, including "two-one" tactical cooperation, "three-over-two" tactical cooperation and anti-cutting cooperation.

1, "211" tactical cooperation

As the name implies, "two-one-one" means that two attackers break through a defender by passing the ball. "211" is the basis of collective cooperation, which can be used in any venue and any position to get rid of the interception of the other side or break through the defense line. "211" means that the distance between the two attacking players is about 10 meter, and all of them cooperate. Require smooth and timely passing. Generally, the inside and outside of the foot are equal, and the flat pass is the main method. Pass the ball as far as possible to the receiver's feet or two or three steps ahead.

2, "three over two" tactical cooperation

"Three over two" means that three attackers in a local area break through the defense of two defenders through continuous cooperation in the game. Because of this cooperation, two players on the same team can catch the ball at the same time, and the ball bearer has more passing routes and expanded attack surface.

Team attack tactics

Team offensive tactics refers to the way of cooperation adopted by one side in the game to achieve the goal of shooting through the transmission and cooperation between players after winning the ball. Compared with the local attack tactics, the attack area of the whole team attack tactics is wider, such as participating in the attack and quick counterattack.

1, flank attack

The method of attacking on both sides of the court is called flank attack. Flank attack is one of the main forms of the team's offensive tactics, and its main feature is that it is conducive to giving full play to the offensive speed and breaking the gap caused by the opponent's defense.

Step 2 attack in the middle

The middle attack is an attack organized by using the middle area of the stadium. Although this kind of attack can shoot directly, it is the most difficult, because the defense in the middle is the most rigorous, and the forward attack must be a player with extremely keen reaction, strong consciousness, high technology, daring to take risks, fast speed and good road position.

3, quick counterattack

In the game, when the attacker attacks, the defense line is often pressed near the midfield. Due to the insertion of attack and assist, the number of defenders is relatively reduced. At this time, if we can seize the opportunity that the opponent's defensive area is wide and the defense is slow, we can often get good results by using his fumble to launch a quick counterattack.

Quick counterattack is the most threatening means of attack. An effective attack lies in a sudden and quick counterattack, but it is difficult, that is, to dare to take risks and to have accurate and quick passing skills. Fast counterattack should be organized and coordinated very tacitly, and special training must be carried out, otherwise it will be difficult to implement in the competition.

Set-piece tactics

Set-piece tactics refers to the tactical method of organizing offensive and defensive cooperation by using the opportunity of restarting the game after the "dead ball" appears in the game. Set-piece tactics include kick-off in the middle circle, corner kick, free kick, penalty kick, throw-in ball and so on. In a close high-level game, set-piece tactics sometimes play a decisive role. In cooperation, we should use a simple cooperation to get the opportunity to shoot. The more complicated the cooperation, the lower the success rate. Therefore, special exercises are needed to play a role in the competition.

Collective and local cooperative defense tactics

1. Loading position

Replenishment is a way to cooperate with local defense in football match. When the defender was broken by his opponent during the defense, another player immediately stepped forward to stop him.

Surround and rob

Perimeter refers to a local position in the game, in which the defending side uses its relative advantage in numbers (usually two or three players) to contain the ball-holding players of the other side at the same time, so as to achieve the goal of stealing or destroying the other side in a short time.

3. Offside tactics

Offside tactics are defensive tactics designed by rules. Winning by skill is a labor-saving way, so it has become an important defensive means. However, because of the difficulty of cooperation, it may be counterproductive and give opponents an opportunity. Therefore, tactics are often adopted by higher-level teams, but not often used in a game.

Team defense tactics

Defensive tactics can be divided into two basic types: man-to-man tight defense (man-to-man defense), that is, man-to-man tight defense without changing defense within the prescribed scope; Regional tight defense (combining man-to-man defense with regional defense), that is, the popular comprehensive defense, the combination of tight defense and protection, is to press in the individual defense area and carry out alternate defense. Man-to-man defense means that each has a clear defense object. If the opponent's left wing obliquely inserts into the right, the right-back will follow closely, alternately not defending. The most basic principles of defense are oppression and protection. Only by pressing, can we effectively take the initiative to break the grab, suppress each other's technological advantages and gain the initiative; Protection is to better press and control the space.

Competition formation

The development and evolution of 1. formation

In order to meet the needs of offensive and defensive tactics, the position arrangement and division of responsibilities of players on the court are called game formation. The name of the formation depends on the arrangement of the players. Since the middle of the19th century, there has been the first football match formation in the world. Today's "433", "352" and "424", as well as the "cement" and "chain" adopted by some countries, have all evolved and developed along this objective law.

2. Responsibilities of each position

(1) Duties of the full-back: The full-back mainly defends the activities of the opposing winger and other offensive players on the sidewalk and undermines the attack launched by the opposing side. At the same time, you can also use assists to dribble and directly threaten the opponent's goal.

(2) Responsibilities of the central defender: The central defender is divided into two types: the former central defender and the latter central defender. The former's main task is to keep an eye on the most threatening center in front of the opponent, so it is also called man-to-man central defender; The latter is mainly responsible for the command task of the whole defense line, often behind other defenders, and is generally called free central defender.

(3) The important duty of the avant-garde: The avant-garde is usually called the midfield. The midfield is a very important area. Controlling the midfield means gaining the initiative in the game, so teams tend to put more energy into the midfield.