What is the use method of theodolite?

Theodolite, an instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles; It is designed according to the principle of angle measurement. At present, the most commonly used is optical theodolite. So, what is the use method of theodolite?

How to use theodolite;

1、HR？ Right (clockwise) horizontal angle, HL? Left-handed (counterclockwise) horizontal angle.

2, the operation steps of theodolite (optical alignment method)

1, instrument installation:

Put the theodolite on the frame head, make the frame head approximately horizontal, and tighten the connecting screws.

2. Alignment:

The purpose is to make the instrument center and the measuring station on the same vertical line. You can move the tripod and rotate the anchor screw to make the alignment mark exactly aim at the center of the measuring station.

3. deployment:

The purpose is to make the vertical axis of the instrument vertical and the horizontal dial horizontal. According to the definition of horizontal angle, it is the projection of the included angle between two directional lines on the horizontal plane, so the horizontal dial must be horizontal.

Rough and flat: Stretch the legs of the tripod to center the bubble of the circular level.

Check and accurately center: check whether the centering mark deviates from the grounding point. If there is deviation, loosen the connecting screw on the tripod, translate the instrument base, make the centering mark accurately align with the center of the measuring station, and tighten the connecting screw.

Fine leveling: rotate the anchor screw to make the air bubble in the center of the pipeline level.

4, aiming and reading:

① Eyepiece aiming: Eyepiece focusing makes the crosshair clear.

(2) aiming and objective aiming: aim at the target roughly, and focus the objective lens to make the target clear. Pay attention to eliminating parallax. Focus on the goal.

③ Reading:

Adjust the lighting reflector to make the brightness of the reading window moderate, rotate the eyepiece of the reading microscope to make the line clear, and then read.

Theodolite action

It is the main angle measuring instrument in measuring work. It consists of a telescope, a horizontal dial, a vertical dial, a level and a base. When measuring, put the theodolite on a tripod, aim the center of the instrument at the ground measuring station with a vertical ball or an optical collimator, and use a level meter.

The theodolite leveled the instrument, aimed the telescope at the measuring target, and measured the horizontal angle and vertical angle with the leveling disk and the verticality disk. According to the accuracy, it is divided into precision theodolite and ordinary theodolite; According to the reading equipment can be divided into optical theodolite and vernier theodolite; According to the shafting structure, it can be divided into retest theodolite and direction theodolite. In addition, there is a coded dial theodolite, which can automatically record dial readings according to coded perforations; An automatic tracking theodolite that can continuously and automatically aim at air targets; Gyro theodolite and laser theodolite that can determine the orientation of ground points quickly and independently by using gyro orientation principle; Universal theodolite for astronomical observation with three functions: theodolite, meridian instrument and zenith instrument; Phototheodolite, who combined the camera and theodolite for ground photogrammetry.

An instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles. It was first developed by British mechanic Xisong in about 1730, and was officially used in British geodesy after being improved and finalized. 1904, Germany began to produce glass dial theodolite. With the development of electronic technology, electronic theodolite appeared in 1960s. On this basis, an electronic rapid measuring instrument was manufactured in 1970s.

Theodolite is the mechanical part of the telescope, which enables the telescope to point in different directions. The theodolite has two perpendicular rotating shafts to adjust the azimuth and horizontal height of the telescope. This kind of bracket has simple structure and low cost, and is mainly used with ground telescopes (geodesy, bird watching, etc.). ). If it is used to observe celestial bodies, it is necessary to rotate two axes at the same time and change the rotation speed with time to track the celestial bodies. However, other celestial bodies in the field of view rotate relative to the target celestial bodies, and unless a mechanism to counteract the rotation of the field of view is added, it is not suitable for long-exposure celestial photography.